2019年高考英语语法必考考点(3)代词(含解析).pdf

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1、朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 2019年高考英语语法必考考点(3) :代词 李仕才 【考点解读】 概述 一、人称代词: 人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格在句中作主语、表语等成分,宾格在句中作动词、介 词宾语、同位语等成分,有时也可作表语。不仅指人,也可指物,有人称和数的变化。 【注意】 在连词 than 和 as 引导的比较状语从句中常常省略从句,只保留人称代词,人 称代词作主语时要用主格,在口语中也常用宾格;但当人称代词后有动词时就必须用主格。 如: My sister speaks English as well as me/I. (口语中常用me) My sister speaks En

2、glish as well as I do. (此时只能用I) 二、物主代词: 1物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,必须与所指的名词在人称、数 和性别方面保持一致。如: The waiters offered their food to the homeless man. 【注意】单数阳性名词和单数阴性名词连用作主语时,如果前面有every ,each 修饰, 谓语动词用单数,代词用his 。如: Each boy and each girl wants to lend his raincoat to the soldiers. 2. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能作名词或动名

3、词的定语。 e.g. This is our classroom. Would you mind my opening the window? 3. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”,可单独作主语、宾语、表语。 此外,名词性物主代词还可与名词及of 连用,构成双重所有格。如: This is her coat. Mine is over there. Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 三、反身代词: 1. 反身代词通常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress

4、, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。如: 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 He was left at home by himself the whole day yesterday. 2. 反身代词可以作主语的同位语,主要起加强语气的作用,意为“亲自, 本人,亲身”。 e.g. The teacher and pupils mended the road themselves. 3. 反身代词可以在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处 于正常。 e.g. You look pale.

5、Whats wrong with you? I m not feeling myself today, not serious, though. 注意 (1) 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。 ( 正) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。 ( 误) Myself drove the car. (2) 在由 and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。 e.g. Charles and myself saw it. (3) 在不强调的情况下,but, except, for等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词均可。 e.g. N

6、o one but myself/me is hurt. 4. 反身代词的习惯搭配 (1) 介词 +反身代词 for oneself 为自己;亲自地 to oneself 对自己;独用 of oneself 自动地 by oneself 独自地 (2) 动词反身代词 dress oneself 自己穿衣 make oneself at home 不要客气 seat oneself=be seated 就坐 teach oneself 自学 come to oneself 苏醒 devote oneself to = be devoted to 致力于 enjoy oneself 过得愉快,玩得

7、高兴 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 help oneself to 自行取用,请自便 accustom oneself to=be accustomed to 习惯于 amuse oneself 消遣,自娱 behave oneself 表现良好 apply oneself to sth. 致力于 explain oneself 说明自己的意图 express oneself 表达自己的思想 abandon oneself to 沉迷于,放纵 四、指示代词: 1. 指上文提到的事物,一般用that ,有时也用this ;指下文将要提到的事物,常用 this或 these 。如: He sai

8、d I was lying, and that was unfair. (that指代上文He said I was lying) What I want you to remember is this:Practise makes perfect. (此句中 this指 代下文,不能换为that) 2. that/those可作定语从句的先行词,但this/these不能;其中those 可指人,但 that 不能。如: She has known that which she wanted to know. I admire those who are always helping oth

9、ers. (those作定语从句的先行词,指 人) 五、相互代词: 相互代词是表示相互关系的代词,只有each other和 one another两个词组,都表示 “互相,相互”。 1. each other和 one another在句中可以作动词或介词的宾语。如: Let s help each other and learn from each other. They looked at one another and laughed. 2. 作定语时each other和 one another须用所有格,表示“彼此的”。如: We said hello to one another

10、s/each others family. 六、疑问代词: 1. 疑问代词后接ever 的用法。 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 (1) whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever表泛指,意为“无论”。如: You have our support, whatever you decide. Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. I don t want to see them, whoever they are. (2) 置于疑问代词后,用于加强语气。如: Whatever do you mean

11、? Whoever heard of such a thing! 2. 疑问代词的单复数形式要由所代表的人或事物的单复数形式来确定,如果不清楚代 表的人或物是复数还是单数,则谓语动词多用单数形式。who/what/which作主语时,谓语 动词既可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式。如: What he needs most is his mothers love. What we need are good books. 七、复合不定代词: 1. 修饰不定代词的形容词应后置。 e.g. Is there anything wrong with my car? 2. 复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词

12、往往用第三人称单数形式。 3. 复合不定代词构成的固定短语: anything but根本不,一点也不nothing but 只不过 do nothing but 只有,除之 外什么事也不做have something/nothing to do with 与有 / 无关 something of有点, 有几分 八、全部否定与部分否定: 由 some 和 any 构成的不定代词的用法与some 和 any 的用法基本一致。all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“ every 名词”都表示全部肯定;no one, none, nobody, no

13、thing, not.any以及“ no名词”都表示全部否定; 但当 not 出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中,不管 not 在它们之前还是在它们之 后都表示部分否定。此外not 与总括性副词如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether 等连用时也表示部分否定。 e.g. All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. (all表示全部肯定,none 表示全部否定 ) Such a thing cant be found everywhere. (“not ev

14、erywhere”表示部分否定) 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 The exam is very easy, but not all of the students can pass it. (“not all ” 表示部分否定 ) 九、 both, either, neither, each, all, none: both 表示两者都,具有肯定含义;either表示两者中的任何一个;neither表示两者 都不; each 表示两者或两者以上的每一个;all表示全部, 指三者或三者以上的人或物,也 可笼统地表示“一切,所有”;none 表示三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定,与of 连用

15、或用来回答how many / much的提问。 十、 it作人称代词: 在特定的环境中,it也可指人,如指婴儿、性别不详或身份不明的人。 e.g. The baby stopped crying as soon as it saw the woman. Who is it? It s me. 十一、 it作形式主语或形式宾语: it可以作形式主语或形式宾语而把真正的主语或宾语后置。 1. 用 it作形式主语的主语从句结构: (1) It系动词形容词that从句: It is necessary/important/surprising/strangethat从句,从句中谓语动词常用 “sho

16、uld 动词原形”形式,且should 可省略。 (2) It系动词名词that从句: It is a pity/a shame/good news/a fact/an honour/a wonder/no wonder/our duty that从句。 e.g. Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success. (3) It不及物动词that从句: It seems/happened/turned out /occurs/appearsthat从句。 e.g. It happened that he was out when I calle

17、d on him. (4) It系动词过去分词that 从句: It is said /reported/ announced/ believed/ thought/ well known/ hoped/ pointed out/ found out/ suggested/ ordered/ advised/ requested/ insisted/ required/ demandedthat从句。 e.g. Its said that they have succeeded in carrying out this experiment. 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 【注意】在“It

18、is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/demandedthat从句”结构 中,从句要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should 动词原形”,should 可省略。 e.g. It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. (5) 其他句型,如It doesn t matter./It makes no difference.等。 e.g. It doesnt matter what you wear, as long as you

19、 look neat and tidy. It makes no difference to me whether you go or not. 2. it作形式宾语的情况: (1) 动词 find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有宾语补足语时,则需要 用 it作形式宾语,把作为真正宾语的that从句后置。 e.g. We make it a rule that we get up at six every day. We all think it important that we should protect the environment

20、from being polluted. (2) 有些动词接宾语从句时,需在动词和从句间加it 。 这些动词有: hate, appreciate, take, owe, have, like, enjoy, make等。 e.g. I take it that you will agree with us. (3) “动词介词it that ”结构。常见的有see to, depend on, rely on等。 e.g. I will see to it that everything is ready on time. 十二、 it可用在强调句型It is/was.that.中: e.g

21、. It was in the street that I met him yesterday. 【注意】 it作形式主语和it引导强调句的区别:it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是 为了平衡句子结构(特别是谓语较短时) ,主语从句的连接词没有变化。 it引导的强调句用来对句中某一个成分加以强调,其结构为“It is/was 被强调部分 that.”。 在正式英语中, 无论强调什么部分,都要求用连词that ,但是在一般情况下, 如果被强调的主语是“人”,也可用who/whom 。值得注意的是,当被强调部分是状语时, 只能用 that ,不要误用when,where,how等。 be 动词的时态

22、,可以随着that从句时态的 不同而变化。强调句型中去掉It is/was和 that后,句子仍然完整,而it作形式主语的句 子则不能。 e.g. It is I who am setting off for London next week. It was at six oclock that we arrived at the mountain village. 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 It was at the hotel room that the gentleman had stayed. 十三、 it的特殊用法: 1. 指代时间、距离、自然现象( 天气 ) 等。 e.g.

23、It is half past two now. (指时间 ) It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital. (指距离 ) A lovely day, isnt it? (指天气) 2. 指环境情况等。 e.g. It is very noisy at the moment. 3. 用于某些习语搭配。 make it 及时赶到;成功完成 catch it 受处罚,被责骂 代词在近几年高考试题中的复现率为100% ,每年至少测试一道题。测试代词常用对话、 填空或改错形式,构成特定语境,考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。代词指代的范围、作主 语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代

24、词的细微差别都是高考的必考点。其中考查不定代词one, the one ,ones 与 that ,those ,it的用法区别最为常见。 考点一、考查one(s), that, those, it的用法。 one 泛指一个人或物,其复数形式为ones;one 和 the one作同位语时,如果与其 同位的词语是特指,则用the one ;如果是泛指,则用one。 that指代前面提到过的名词,常有后置定语,that的复数形式是those ,that 可指 代单数可数名词(= the one), 也可指代不可数名词,或指代前面提到过的一件事。 it可指代前面提到过的一个名词, 如例 7; 指代

25、一件事;指代不明性别的婴儿或不明 确的人,也可指代时间、天气、距离等。 二、考查 all, both, either, neither, none, no one的用法。 both 表示“两个人或物都”,具有肯定含义; either表示“两者中的任何一个”; neither表示“两者都不”。 all表示“全部” , 指三者或三者以上的人或物,all也可笼统地表示“一切, 所有”, none 表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”,在与of 连用或回答how many/much 的 提问时只能用none, no one表示“没有一个人”。 三、考查 another, the other, ot

26、hers, the others的用法。 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 another 泛指三个或三个以上的人或物中不确定的另一个,another 还可以作形容词, 表示“另一个的” the other指已知的两个人或物中的另一个 others和“other + 名词”均泛指“别的人或物” the others指“一定范围内其余的人或物”,如果被指代的名词是不可数名词,则 用 the rest替代。 四、考查 (a) little, (a) few, some, any的用法。 few 和 little可用作代词和形容词。 few 和 a few 可以修饰或代替可数名词复数。 few 有否定

27、含义, a few 有肯定含义, little和 a little可以修饰或代替不可数名词。little 有否定含义, a little含肯定含义。 some和 any 表示“一些” , 可用作代词和形容词? some用于肯定句 , 例 31; any 用于 否定句 ?疑问句和条件句中, some 也可用于疑问句, 如例 32 和例 33; any也可用于肯定陈述 句中 , 表示“任何一个”。 五、考查something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody的用

28、法及它们与else 的搭配。 由 some和 any 构成的不定代词的用法和some和 any 的用法基本一致。 nothing和 nobody/no one表示全部否定。 无论在肯定句、否定句还是疑问句中, everything和 everyone (everybody) 都表 示“全部 ,所有”。 不 定 代 词 后 跟else时 , 表 示 “ 另 外 的 , 其 他 的 ” ; 形 容 词 修 饰 something/anything/nothing时,应置于不定代词之后。以上不定代词连写时,不和of 连 用, every one可和 of 连用。 【真题分析】 一、单项选择 1. (

29、2016 浙江 ) In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _in the UK. A. that B. this C. one D. it 【答案】 A 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 2. (2015 重庆 ) The meeting will be held in September, but_ knows the date for sure. A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody 【答案】 B 【解析】考查代词。试题分析:句意:会

30、议将在九月举行,但没有人知道确切的日期。根据 but 表达转折可知没有人知道,故选B项。 3. ( 2015浙江 ) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it 【答案】 D 4. (2015天津 ) The quality of education in this small school is bette

31、r than _ in some larger schools. A. that B. one C. it D. this 【答案】 A 【解析】考查代词。试题分析:句意:这所小学校的教育质量要好于些大学校。句中代词 代指不可数名词 the quality of education,故用代词that 。代词和one 都代指可数名词 单数。故选A。 5. (2015陕西 ) To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against . A. another B. the other C.

32、other D. either 【答案】 B 【解析】考查代词。试题分析:句意:为了提醒自己,这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 外一只脚。因为人有两只脚,一只是one,另外一只是the other,所以选B 。 6. (2015福建 ) The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _contained any useful suggestions. A. all B. none C. either D. Neither 【答案】 D 【解析】考查代词辨析。试题分析:考查代词辨析

33、。该句中A. all全部; B. none没有一 个; C. either两个中任何一个;D.两者都不。根据该句意思:那个研究团队在那个调查上 得出了两个报告,但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选 D本题考查副词辨析,要 求学生掌握大纲内每个副词的意义及用法。 二、单句填空 1. (2018全国III卷 ) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive. 【答案】 them 【解析】考查代词。此处做find 的宾语,所以用宾格them。 2. (2018 全国

34、I 卷 ) If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_70_a try. 【答案】 it 3. (2018浙江卷 ) Many westerners _57_ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _58_ can be to eat out. 【答

35、案】 who/that; it 【解析】 57 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是westerners指人,在定语从句中 做主语,用关系代词who/that引导,故填who/that 。 58 考查 it用法。句子为感叹句,正 常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语,it 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 是形式主语。故填it 。 4. (2017 全国卷 ) However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six month

36、s, more than 25,000 people were using _ every day. 【答案】 it 【解析】 it在这里指代句子的主语the railway。 5. (2017浙江高考 ) Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt _ (I),” says Pahlsson. 【答案】 myself 【解析】由空格处所在句子的主语I 可知应用反身代词作宾语。 6. (2016 全国卷 ) On my recent visi

37、t, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother. 【答案】 its 【解析】根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用物主代词 作定语。 7. (2016浙江高考) In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK. 【答案】 that 【解析】句意:在许多方面,美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。that特指前文中

38、 出现的同类异物事物(the education system)。 8. (2015 重庆高考)The meeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure. 【答案】 nobody 【解析】 句意: 会议将在九月召开,但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but ,表转折, 故 nobody “没有人”符合句意。 9. (2015 四川高考) Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge. 【答案】 none 10. (2015 福建高考)T

39、he research group produced two reports based on the survey, 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 but _ contained any useful suggestions. 【答案】 neither 【解析】句意: 这个研究组基于调查制作了两个报告,但是两个都未含有有用的建议。根据 句意,表示“两者都不”,用neither。 二、单句改错 1. (2018 全国III卷) I had done myself homework but I was shy. 【答案】 myself my 【解析】 考查代词错误。 句意:我已经完成了自己的作

40、业。表示“我的” 用 my不用 myself , 或改为定冠词the 也可以。 2. (2018全国II卷) They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. 【答案】 usme 【解析】 考查代词。 句意: 他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词, 是对“我” 说, 前面提到的I ,而不是we。故把 us 改为 me 。 3. (2017全国卷 ) About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high sch

41、ool . This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. 【答案】 yourmy 【解析】 此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多快乐的记忆”,故应该使用代词 my 。 4. (2016 全国卷 ) If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 【答案】 yourour 5. (2016全国卷 ) At first, I t

42、hought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. 【答案】 yourself myself 【解析】根据语境可知,此处指“我自己做决定”,故应用myself 。 6. (2016 四川卷) When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 【答案】 herhis 【解析】由前面的“ When he came back”可知,这束花是在“他的(his) ”手里。 7. (2015 全国卷 ) Five minutes la

43、ter, Tony saw parents. 【答案】 saw后加 his 【解析】根据语境及英语表达习惯,应当在parents前加上与主语Tony 相一致的物主代词 his 。 8 (2015浙江卷 ) Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. 【答案】 themit 【解析】 a beautiful park为单数,故应用it指代。 【对点测试】 一、单项选择 1. (2018 江苏扬州中学) A child should be receiving either meat or e

44、ggs daily, preferably _. A. neither B. none C. either D. both 【答案】 D 【解析】考查代词。句意:孩子应该每日食用肉类或蛋类,最好两种都吃。A. neither两 个都不; B. none 没有人; 一个也没有; 没有任何东西; C. either两个中任意一个;D. both 两个都。根据语境判断是“两者都”,故选D。 2. (2018 江苏无锡一中) What is the psychology behind your mindless scribbles (涂 鸦)? If your flower, for example,

45、 has a large circular center, _ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life. A. which B. as C. this D. such 【答案】 C 3. (2018 江苏泰州中学) Visitors took all the trouble with all well 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 arranged by the travel agency. A. for everything B. for something C. for nothing D. for any

46、thing 【答案】 C 【解析】考查不定代词。句意: 旅行社把一切安排得很好,来访者把所有的麻烦都看成是免 费的。 for nothing免费,故选C。 4. (2018 江苏泰州中学 ) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it 【答案】 D 【解析】考查代词It 。试题分析:句意:当你正在看一个你喜欢

47、的节目时,突然有个人进 来,一声不吭地关掉电视,你会怎么想?It 作形式宾语,指代If 后面的句子。该句涉及到 了一个疑问句,一个条件状语从句(if )和两个并列句(and) 。这当时应该先把它转化为陈 述句 you would like_.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语,需要一个宾格代 词充当,所以答案选it 。 5. (2018南京师大附中) If you see things in a negative light, you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really _ A. none B.

48、some C. many D. nothing 【答案】 A 【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:如果你用消极的眼光看待事物,你会发现到处都是错误,到 处都是问题。 A. none 没有任何东西;B. some 一些; C. many 许多; D. nothing无事,无 物。此处指没有问题的地方也有问题,故选A. 6. (2018 江苏常熟中学) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut It off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it 【答案】 D 朝花夕拾杯中酒 还是个帅哥但是 7. (2018 北京人大附中) To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then of his colleagues. A. one B. ones C. that D. those 【答案】 C 【解析】考查代词。句意:让他高兴的是,汤姆很快就获得了女朋友的信任,然后是她父母 的信任。根据

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