虚拟语气讲解练习题含答案和解释.pdf

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1、文档 专业资料 . 虚拟语气讲解与练习 黄志刚 2013.10. 一. 简介 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实， 所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的 特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气 在什么情况下用虚拟语气? 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情 况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当 一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际， 就用虚拟语气。 二. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 真：eg .

2、 If he doesn t hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过 巴士。 ( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语 气） 非真： eg. If I were you, I would go at once如 . 果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真 实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气， 人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句） 2、用法

3、及动词形式 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，例1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如 果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实： 不知道）3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也 有水) 4.If I had any mo

4、ney with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了， 我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力 WORD 文档 专业资料 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 例：1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿， 我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made suc

5、h a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。 （事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测例：1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来 的可能性很小）2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I woul

6、d tell her about the matter.如果她 4.下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。在表示建议、命令、要 5.求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，“should 动词原形“ 构成， should 6.可省略。 文档 专业资料 . 4、 有时，主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形 式应作相应的调 整。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在 或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工

7、程 师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的 话，我们现在就不会来这里了，从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作 与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发 生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如： If it

8、had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的 雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公 室 了 。 5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if 可以省略，这时条件 从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面 语 。 如：Should he agree t

9、o go there, we would send him there要 . 是他答应去的 话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us如. 果她在这儿 的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工 作了。 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词 短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下， 条件会暗含在短语中，如without ?.

10、, but for ?.等But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指 导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didn t know his telephonenumber; otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码 ，否则 我 们 就会给他打电话。 7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话

11、人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句He would have finished it.他本该 WORD 文档 专业资料 完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考 试 了 。 省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、 虚拟语气（ Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法 1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头 脑。

12、(事实：我根本比不上你) b、表示与 过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词： had+done( 动词过去分 词）eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实： 原来不 知道）c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would + 动词 原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again我 . 希望我还能有一次这样的机 会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）(注： if only 和 as if/as though也有 相同用法） 2、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中 1.在 for

13、fear that, in case, lest引导的，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且should不能省略She examined the door again for fear 文档 专业资料 . that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late他. 很早就出发了以防迟到。2、在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / wil

14、l / would / should + 动词原形。He goescloser to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.他把信读得 很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。 3、虚拟语气的其他用法 1、一坚持 (insist) 二命令 (order. command)三建议 (advice. suggest. propose) 四要求 (demand. require. reques

15、t. desire.中 ) ，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从 句的谓语动词都用： “should + 动词原形 ”或只用 “动词原形 ”。如He suggestedthat we (should) take the teachers advice He insistedthat we (should) take the teachers advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher s advice He ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice 注：insist如果翻译成坚持某种

16、动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚 拟语气。如：He insist he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。这个语 句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建 议”才用虚拟语气，意为 “暗示”则不用虚拟语气。如： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实， 因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。表情绪 .观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语 气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. fu

17、nny. right. wrong. better. a pity 等。句型： It is.that 结构后的主语从句，从句的 谓语动词都要用should+ 原型或只用动词原型。2、 在 even if, even though所 引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if 所引导的条件 从句结构相同。如： Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.即使华

18、佗在世也救不了他。 3、 在 whatever ，whichever ，whenever ，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形 (指现在或将来)。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。 I will wait f

19、or him no matter how late he may come.不管他来的多么晚，我都会 等他。 may + 完成式 (指过去 ) ，主句结构不限。如：You mustn WORD 文档 专业资料 t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made.不管 你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made不. 管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊 敬他。 4、一般 would r

20、ather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与 客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：表 示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去had + 过去分词；现在过去时 (be 用 were ) 将来过去时 (be 用 were ) 如：I d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。I d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天 去那儿 5、虚拟语气还可用在定语

21、从句中，表示：“早该做某事了 ”时，定语从句中的谓语 动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。 It is high time you should go to work.你早该上班了。 文档 专业资料 . 6、 简单句中的虚拟语气（1） 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉 而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形

22、式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如：Would you mind my shutting the door?我把门 关起来你介意吗？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教 训牢记于心。I should agree with you.我应该同意你的观点。（2） 表示“祝愿” 时，常用“may + 主语+ 动词原形 + 其他”。如： May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。（3

23、）表示 强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。 如： Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。God bless us.上帝保佑。（4） 习惯表达中常用的 虚拟语气。(1) 提出请求或邀请。如： Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？Could I use your bike now?我可以用一 下你的单车吗？(2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如：I should glad to meet you. 见 到你我会很高兴。I would try my

24、 best to help you.我会尽力帮助你。(3) 提出劝 告或建议。如：You d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。 You should make a full investigation of it first.你应该先全面调查一番。(4) 提出 问题。如： Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？ Do you expect he would tell us the truth?你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为

25、：“情态动词+ have + 过去分词 ”。如：You should have got here earlier.你应该早就到这里了。 You should have returned it to him.你应该把它还给他了。 练习以及解析 7.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 8.You are late. If you _ a few minutes ear

26、lier, you _ him. 9.A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met 10.C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet 11.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years. 12.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 13.It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. 14.A. speak B. s

27、poke C. will speak D. to speak 15.He looked as if he _ ill for a long time. 16.A. was B. were WORD 文档 专业资料 C. has been D. had been 17.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D.

28、 have lain there for two hours 18.I wish that I _ with you last night. 19.A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 20.Let s say you could go there again, how _ feel? A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 文档 专业资料 . 21.I can t stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything.

29、 A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 22._ the fog, we should have reached our school. 23.A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 24.If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport. 25.A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet 12.Mike can take his

30、car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how. A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach 13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible,but I _ so busy then. A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 14.He s working hard for fear that he _. A. should fall b

31、ehind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind 15.If it _ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. 16.A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained 17.He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting. 18.A. should B. would C. do D. had 19.My fathe

32、r did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. won t go C. not go D. not to go 20.I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time. 21.A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had 22.Would you rather I _ buying a new bike? 23.A. decided against B. will decide against 2

33、4.C. have decided D. shall decide against 25.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _. 26.A. go to sleep B. went to sleep WORD 文档 专业资料 27.C. go to bed D. went to bed 28. Why didn t you buy a new car? I would have bought one if I _ enough money. A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had 29.If sh

34、e could sew, _. A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt 文档 专业资料 . C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat 26._ today, he would get there by Friday. 27.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving 28.C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 29.His doctor suggested that he _ a short trip ab

35、road. 30.A. will take B. would take C. take D. took 31.The Bakers arrived last night. If they d only let us know earlier,_ at the station. A. we d meet them B. we ll meet them C. we d have met them D. we ve met them 32.If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. 33.A. was; shall pa

36、y B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay 34.We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand. 35.A. have not given B. would not give 36.C. had not given D. did not give 37.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. 38.A. has B. had C. have D. will have 3

37、9.It is strange that he _ so. A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak 40.Had I known her name, _ A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live? C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch. 41.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _ all about that. 42.A

38、. know B. knows C. known D. knew 43.If I _ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car. 44.A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had 45.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _ to the meeting. 46.A. would come B. came C. would have come D. will come 34.The librarian insiststhat John _ no more

39、books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed. WORD 文档 专业资料 A. will take B. took C. take D. takes 30.I left very early last night, but I wish I _ so early. A. didn t leave B. hadn t left C. haven t left D. couldn t leave 31.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _ no ti

40、me. A. had B. didn t have 文档 专业资料 . C. had had D. have 47.I wish that you _ such a bad headachebecauseI msure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. hadn tB. didn t have had C. hadn t had D. hadn t have 48.He insisted that we all _ in his office at one o clock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. sha

41、ll be 49.Helen couldn t go to France after all. That s too bad. I m sure she would have enjoyed it if _. A. she s gone B. she ll go C. she d gone D. she d go 50.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _ an hour before the discussion begins. A. go B. shall go C. will go D. would go 1 5 BBD

42、AD 6 10 DDCAD 11 15 CDCAA 16 20 ACAAD 21 25 DBCCC 26 30 DCCCD 31 35 DDCCB 36 40 DCACD 解析： 32.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 33.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。 34.as if 后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。 35.It is important that 是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用 sb. should do的形式。 36.as if 后面是真实情况，不虚拟。 37.lain 是 lie 的过去分词，表示“ 躺” 。 38.cou

43、ld have done表示 “ 本来可以 ”。 39.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。 40.as if 表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。 41.but for 表示 “ 要不是 ?的话” ，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。 42.in advance表示 “ 事先 ” ，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 43.wish 的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。 44.but 的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。 45.for fear that 后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。 46.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。 47.suggest后

44、面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。 48.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式， should可以省略。 49.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 WORD 文档 专业资料 50.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did 的形式。 文档 专业资料 . 51.It is time 后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。 52.第一个 had 是过去完成时，第二个had 表示 “有”。 53.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。 54.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if 去掉，助动词提前。 55.suggest后面

45、的从句用sb. should do的形式， should可以省略。 56.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。 57.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be 动词都要用were 的形式。 58.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 59.require 后面的从句用sb. should do的形式， should可以省略。 60.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。 61.had I known 是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。 62.as if 表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。 63.第一个 had 是过去完成时，第二个ha

46、d 表示 “有”。 64.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。 65.当 insist 表示 “坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。 66.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 67.but 的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。 68.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 69.当 insist 表示 “坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。 70.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。 71.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式， should可以省 略。 单纯的课本内容，并 不能满足学生的需要，通过补充，达到内容的完善 教育之通病是教用脑的人不用手，不教用手的人用脑，所以一无所能。教育革命的对策是手脑联盟，结果是手与脑的力量都可以大到不可思议。 谢谢. 谢谢. WORD 文档 专业资料