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1、模块 1 动词的时态和语态 难度系数 :关注指数 : A 卷全国卷 单句填空 /单句改错 1.(2017 全国,64) When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 2.(2017 全国,短文改错 )Besides, they often get some useful information from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh veg
2、etables! 3.(2017 全国,68) Later, engineers (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道 ), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the introduction of electric-powered engines and lifts. 4.(2017 全国,65) Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it m
3、ust have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success. 5.(2017 全国 ,69) But at the moment, school (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. 6.(2017 全国 ,63) Sarah (tell) that she could be Britains ne
4、w supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 7.(2016 全国,62) So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 8.(2016 全国,短文改错 )Every day he
5、makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 9.(2016 全国,63) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. 10.(2016 全国 ,62) Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might (make)of gold and silver with Chinese character
6、s. 11.(2016 全国 ,69) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table. 12.(2015 全国,61)It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 13.(2015 全国,67)Yangshuo (be) really beautiful. 14.(2015 全国,短文改错 )When I was a child, I hoped to
7、 live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 15.(2015 全国,短文改错 )Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. 16.(2015 全国,短文改错 )We must found ways to protect our environment. 17.(2015 全国,68) This cycle (go) day after day: The walls warm up during
8、 the day and cool off during the night. 18.(2015 全国,短文改错 )Tony was scared and begun to cry. 19.(2015 全国,短文改错 )A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 20.(2014 全国,61)It (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. 21.(2014 全国,短文改错 )Since then for all these yearswe had b
9、een allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. 22.(2014 全国,65) A boy on a bike (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 23.(2014 全国,短文改错 )My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. 24.(2014 全国,
10、短文改错 )We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music. 25.(2013 全国,24)If we (not act)now to protect the environment, well live to regret it. 26.(2013 全国,27)When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I (change)my mind. 27.(2013 全国,短文改错 )I was only four when she passes away
11、. 28.(2013 全国,短文改错 )Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. 29.(2012 新课标,23)“ Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “ because every step (show). ” 30.(2012 新课标 ,18) The manager (tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 【答案与解析】 1.are removed fat
12、, salt 和 remove 之间是被动关系 ,所以此处用被动语态。 2.came comes 根据上下文可知 ,句子的时态应为一般现在时,故将 came 改为 comes 。 3.managed 下文句子的时态都是用一般过去时,所以这里也应用一般过去时。 4.were used 根据句意可知 ,此处是指“蒸汽机被用于”,而且句子的时态为一般过去时,故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。 es 根据 at the moment可知 ,这是在说明现在的情况,所以此处应该用一般现在时。 6.was told 根据语境判断 ,谓语动词应该用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是第三人称单数,故填 was told
13、。 7.was allowed 根据语境及allow sb to do sth这一固定句式可知,此处应该用被动语态。再结合首句的时态可知,此处应该用一 般过去时。 8.using used be used for “被用于” ,为固定短语。 9.is 本句的主语为动名词短语Leaving the less. ,动名词短语作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,而且这里说的是客观 事实 ,故填 is。 10.be made 根据语境可知 ,谓语动词应该用被动语态,且 might 后接动词原形 ,故填 be made 。 11.were 此空是与 would remind 并列的谓语动词 ,故填 w
14、ere 。 12.arrived 根据前后句时态可知,此处用一般过去时。 13.is 这里表述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时。 14.think thought 这里用一般过去时,表示“过去认为” ,故将 think 改为 thought 。 15.去掉 been 主语与谓语为主动关系,这里不需要用被动语态。 16.found find 情态动词must 后接动词原形。 17.goes 此空应与后面的warm 在时态上保持一致,故用一般现在时。 18.begun began 根据 and 前面的谓语动词的时态可知,此处应用一般过去时。 19.telling told tell 与前面的 saw
15、为并列谓语 ,故用一般过去时。 20.was 此空应与后面的could 在时态上保持一致,故用一般过去时。 21.had have 根据前面的Since then可知 ,此处需用现在完成时,故将 had 改为 have 。 22.caught 根据下文中的was 可知 ,该句谓语动词用一般过去时。 23.look looks 该句主语是单数 ,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 24.sat sit 根据连词 or 和情态动词can 可知 ,or 后面的动词应用原形。 25.dont act 在条件状语从句中,谓语动词应用一般现在时表将来。 26.have changed 根据语境可知 ,我的态
16、度已经发生改变了,故用现在完成时。 27.passes passed 根据上下文时态一致原则,从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。 28.drank drunk 根据语境可知 ,此处应用 drink 的过去分词。 29.shows 这句话说的是客观事实,故用一般现在时。 30.has been telling 此处表示从九点钟一直持续并依然在进行的动作,故用现在完成进行时。 B 卷地方卷 单句填空 1.(2017 天津 ,8)I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 2.(2017 浙江 ,
17、62) Pahlsson and her husband (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. 3.(2017 北京 ,29) In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones (invent) yet. 4.(2016 北京 ,21) Jack (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 5.(2016 北京 ,23) Ex
18、cuse me, which movie are you waiting for? The new Star Wars. We (wait)here for more than two hours. 6.(2016 北京 ,25) I (read) half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend. 7.(2016 北京 ,30) The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts (reward) success in
19、the end. 8.(2016 四川 ,61) The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world. 9.(2016 江苏 ,22) More efforts, as reported, (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. 10.(2016 江苏 ,29) Dashan, who (learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to m
20、ix it up with the Western stand-up tradition. 11.(2016 浙江 ,9)Silk (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 12.(2016 浙江 ,14) When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that (reflect) my interest. 13.(2015 江苏 ,30) The
21、 real reason why prices (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 14.(2015 湖南 ,22) As you go through this book, you (find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience. 15.(2015 湖南 ,25) I wa
22、snt able to hide my eagerness when I (ask), “ What do you wish me to do now?” 16.(2015 湖南 ,28) He must have sensed that I (look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “ Why are you staring at me like that?” 17.(2015 湖南 ,32) I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but (h
23、old)back thankfully by the shop window. 18.(2015 北京 ,26) In the last few years, China (make)great achievements in environmental protection. 19.(2015 浙江 ,8)Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he (go)to be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. 20.(
24、2012 四川 ,11) They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house (rebuild). 【答案与解析】 1.was driving 根据后面的was 可知 ,此处需用过去时 ;再根据固定句型“be doing. when.”可知 ,此处要用过去进行时。 2.searched 该句陈述的是过去的情况,故用一般过去时。 3.hadnt been invented 这里表示“无线电话还没有被发明出来” ,此处需用完成时的被动语态,事情发生在过去 ,故用过去完成 时的被动语态。 4.was wo
25、rking 此题考查句型“be doing. when.”。由 occurred 可知 ,停电发生在过去的某一时刻,故用过去进行时。 5.have been waiting 由句中的时间状语for more than two hours可知 ,动作从过去持续到现在,且还可能延续 ,故用现在完成进 行时。 6.have read 这里表示到现在已经完成的动作,故用现在完成时。 7.will be rewarded reward 这一动作发生在have been working之后 ,故用一般将来时,又因为 reward 和 efforts 之间为被动关 系,所以用一般将来时的被动语态。 8.is
26、 loved 这里用一般现在时表示现状,且 panda 与 love 之间为被动关系 ,故填 is loved 。 9.will be made 根据时间状语in the years ahead可知 ,此处要用一般将来时,再结合主语more efforts与动词 make 之间为被 动关系可知 ,此处用一般将来时的被动语态。 10.has been learning 根据时间状语for decades可知 ,动作从过去持续到现在(有可能延续到将来),故此处要用现在完成进行 时。 11.had become “ by+ 过去时间”作状语,谓语动词应用过去完成时。 12.reflected 主句用
27、一般过去时,从句也应用相应的时态。 13.were 这里指在过去为什么价格过高,故用一般过去时。 14.will find as 引导时间状语从句,意思是“当的时候”,从句使用的是一般现在时,所以主句使用一般将来时。 15.asked 从句中谓语动词的时态应该和主句中的时态保持一致,故填 asked 。 16.was looking must have done是对过去情况的推测,that 后面应该使用过去时,再根据后面问句的时态为现在进行时可知,设 空处应该用过去进行时。 17.was held 前面 had 使用的是一般过去时,此处是并列谓语 ,也应该使用一般过去时;hold back 和
28、主语 I 之间是被动关系,所以 要使用被动语态。 18.has made 根据 in the last few years可知 ,此处应用现在完成时。 19.was going 根据语境可知 ,此处要用过去将来时。 20.is being rebuilt 根据语境可知 ,此处应使用现在进行时,且 house 与动词 rebuild 之间为被动关系 ,故使用现在进行时的被动 语态。 考点一动词的一般时态 Tip 1一般现在时的用法 1.表示习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如 usually,often,always,sometimes,every day,等。 On
29、 Monday morning it me an hour to drive to work. 周一早晨我通常花费一个小时开车 去上班。 2.表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。 3.表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为,只限于 go,come,leave,start,stop,arrive 等表示动作趋向 性或移动意义的词。 The train at six tomorrow morning. 这列火车明早六点出发。 4.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Anything will become boring if it repetitively. 如果你重复做一
30、件事情,你肯定会感到厌 烦。 学生要通过语境和表示时间的状语来对动作发生的时间进行判断,有时候也可以通过从句获取关键信息。具 体要做到 : 首先依据时间状语推断时态; 通过前后语境透露的信息把握动作发生的时间; 把握复合句中前后时态,或者情景对话式的上下文句子中时态的呼应。 【答案】 usually takes leavesyou do Tip 2一般过去时的用法 1.表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常用 yesterday,last year,in 2015,the other day 等作时间状语。 It was a terrible piece of work you turne
31、d in yesterday. 你昨天提交的作品糟糕至极。 2.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 He said he would not go if it . 他说过如果下雨 ,他不会去的。 3.表达“原以为/本来认为 /原希望”等意义时,know,think,expect等动词常用一般过去时。 I to meet you here. 我没料到会在这里遇见你。 【答案】 raineddidnt expect Tip 3一般将来时的用法 1.一般将来时表示将来某一时间的动作或状态。 2.三种表示一般将来时的特殊结构: (1)be going to do sth 表示计划、
32、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。 We a house when we have saved enough money.我们打算攒够钱后买房子。 (2)be to do sth 表示按计划或安排即将要做某事,或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。 We these rules when we go into the library. 进入图书馆时我们要遵守这些规定。 (3)be about to do sth 表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用,但常与 when 引导的时间 状语从句连用。 The train . 火车即将开出。 will do sth 有时候强调“临时的、当
33、即的决定” ,意为“要去做某事”。 Where is the telephone book?电话簿呢 ? Ill go and get it for you. 我去给你拿。 【答案】 are going to buy are to obey is about to leave Tip 4过去将来时的用法 过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或间接 引语中。 He said that he for us at the station. 他说他将在车站等我们。 She told her mother that she a dance with Tom
34、. 她告诉母亲 ,她打算同汤姆一起去 参加一个舞会。 (2017 天津 ,阅读理解 )What happened when the author take a photo? 当作者要拍照时发生了什 么? 【答案】 would wait was going to was about to 考点二动词的进行时态 Tip 1现在进行时的用法 1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作,由“ am/is/are+ 现在分词”构成。 What are you doing? 你在干什么 ? 2.表示按计划、安排近期要发生的动作。 I for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我要到北京去。 3.与 always
35、,forever, constantly等副词连用 ,表示满意、称赞、厌恶等感情色彩。 He others. 他总是帮助别人。 4.用进行时表示逐渐变化的过程。如: His health each day. 他的健康状况每天都在好转。 下列动词 (短语 )不宜用进行时 : 感觉类:look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear,等。 感情类:like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,等。 所有类:have,contain,own,hold,belong to,等。 【答案】 am leaving is always helping is im
36、proving Tip 2过去进行时的用法 1.表示过去某一时间、某一阶段正在进行的动作,由“ was/were+ 现在分词”构成。 He a novel when I came in. 当我进来时 ,他正在看小说。 2.与 always,forever,constantly等副词连用 ,表示满意、称赞、厌恶等感情色彩。 He others,never thinking of himself. 他总是考虑别人,从未考虑过自己。 【答案】 was reading was always thinking of 考点三动词的完成时态 Tip 1现在完成时的用法 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对
37、现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有already,so far,never,just,before,recently,等。 (2016 浙江 ,18)I all the events you organized and I hope to attend many more in the coming years. 我 一直喜欢你组织的所有活动,我希望在未来几年里参加更多的活动。 2.表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态,甚至延续到将来。常与since,for 以及 so far,now,today,this week / month / year,for a long time,in th
38、e past/last few years,these days等连用。 We 500 words these days. 我们最近已经学习了500 个单词了。 3.现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某一时间完成的动作。 (2017 天津 ,阅读理解 )If you the wrong name in an email, it is best to apologise in a serious manner. 如果 你在电子邮件中写错了名字,最好以严肃的方式道歉。 注意牢记以下固定句型: It is/has been+ 时间段 +since. 表示“自从以来已经”。 It is
39、/has been ten years since I graduated from the university. 我已经从这所大学毕业十年了。 This/It/That is the first/second/third. time(that). 表示“这 /那是 (某人 )第几次做某事”,that 从句中要用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have been here. 这是我第一次来这里。 4.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过 去时 强调动作发生在过去某一时间,不强调对现在造成的影响或结果;与表示过去某一特定时间或与现在无关的某一过去时间连
40、用 现在完 成时 表示过去动作与现在有关系,主要强调对现在造成的影响和结果;可与 today,this week,since等表示包括现在一段时间的状语 连用,但不能和表示过去时间的状语连用 They Paris so far. 他们目前已经去巴黎了。(说明他们现在去巴黎了,不在这里 ) They Paris last year. 他们去年去过巴黎。(只说明去过 ,不表明是否现在仍在那里) 【答案】 have always enjoyed have learnt have written have gone to went to Tip 2过去完成时的用法 1.表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的
41、动作,强调“过去的过去”之意。常与 by,before等介词或状语从句连用 或用于有上下文暗示的句子。 (2016 天津 ,3)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I for years. 当沿着街道散步 的时候 ,我偶然遇见了多年未见的大卫。 2.表示意向的动词 ,如 hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本 (事实上未能)”。 We that you would be able to win the match. 我们本来预料的是你能赢得这场比赛的。
42、 固定句型:This/It/That was the first/second/third. time(that). 表示“这 /那是 (某人 )第几次做某事”,that 从句中要用过去完成 时。 This was the first time they had ever met. 这是他们初次见面。 在hardly. when. 和 no sooner. than. 两个句型中 ,主句均用过去完成时。 Hardly had the match started when we arrived. 我们一到场 ,比赛就开始了。 【答案】 hadnt seen had expected Tip 3将
43、来完成时的用法 主要表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作,通常与“ by+ 将来时间”连用,如 by six oclock,by the weekend,by the end of next month,等。 We shall have finished the project by the end of this year. 我们将在今年年底完成这项任务。 Tip 4现在完成进行时的用法 1.常用来表示开始于过去某个时间,一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 Im very tired. I the students papers all the morning. 我很累。我整个上午都在
44、批改 学生的试卷。 2.表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 I have been calling him many times this morning,but theres no answer. 今天上午我给他打了很多次电话,但一直没有人 接。 3.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成时表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止已经完成,体现动作的结果 现在完成 进行时 表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止仍在进行,甚至还将继续 I Rush to the Dead Summer. 我已经读过夏至未至了。(动作已经完成 ) I Rush to the Dead Summer thes
45、e days. 这些天我一直在读夏至未至。(动作仍在进行甚至可能继 续) 【答案】 have been checking have read have been reading Tip 5过去完成进行时的用法 过去完成进行时主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。过去完成进行时由“had+been+v-ing”构 成。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并持续到过去某一时间。这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。 She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years. 她告诉我她已经学习法语5 年了。 (动作可能继续 ) She told
46、 me that she had been waiting for me for an hour. 她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续 ) 考点四动词的语态 Tip 1被动语态的构成 英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。被动语态由“助动词be+ 过去分词”构成。助 动词 be 随着主语的人称、数和句子的时态的不同而变化。 Tip 2不能用被动语态的特殊动词 1.系动词类 (look,seem,feel,taste,sound,prove,appear,等)。 2.表示主语特征的词(read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock,等 ),常与not,har
47、dly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。 Tip 3主动形式表示被动意义 1.在 need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词和worth 等形容词的后面,动名词主动形式表示被动意义,其含义 相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这栋房子需要修缮。 2.在某些“主语(人/物)+be+ 形容词 +不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有 nice,easy,fit,hard,
48、difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting,等。 The problem is difficult to work out. 这道题很难做出来。 3.be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake?谁应该为这个错误受到谴责? The house is to let. 此房出租。 1.解决时态类考题时,首先要判断所需成分是不是句子的谓语动词,因为只有句子才有时态,而句子的时态是通过谓语动词的 不同形式来体现的。如通过did,have done,will do等
49、来分别表明过去时、完成时、将来时等。 典例 1 (2015 浙江 ,短文改错 )My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made of glass. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. 【答案与解析】 is was 这里是在叙述过去的事情,需用一般过去时。 典例 2 (2014 山东 ,1)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we (expect).