虚拟语气及练习题.pdf

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1、虚拟语气归纳 - 讲与练 1 上传 : davisguo2011 更新时间： 2011-12-1 阅读：25 概述 : 语气是一种动词形式，表示讲话人对某一行为的看法和态度。英语有三种语气，即 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实，提出看法或问题等。祈使语气 用于表示请求，命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。 语气的种类 类别语 法 意 义举例 陈述语气表示说话人认为他所说的话是事实。Actions speak louder than words. 祈使语气表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。Dont be in such hurry. 虚拟语气 是一种特殊的谓语形式，用来表示

2、一种不 可实现的愿望或假设。 I wish I could fly to the moon. 虚拟语气的运用 1三类基本的虚拟条件句 条件从句主句举例 与现在事 实相反 动词用过去式 （be 用 were） would(should, could, might)+ 动词原形 If I were you, I should do it.如 果是你的话，我就要做这件事。 与过去事 实相反 Had+过去分词 would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词 If he had come a few minutes earlier, he would have met me.

3、如 果他早来几分钟，他就见到我了。 与将来事 实相反 Should+ 动词原形或 were+to + 动词原形 would(should,could, might)+ 动词原形 If you were to come tomorrow, I should ask you to help me with my work. 如果你明天来， 我就请你帮助我 做这件工作。 2虚似语气的其它形式 特 殊 结 构 的 条 件 句 If it were not for 或 If it had not been for , 表示“如果没有”。 If it werent for your help, he co

4、uld never go to college. 要 不是你的帮助，他绝可能上大学。 But for 或 without.等表示“如果没有” But for air and water, nothing could live.要是没有空气和水， 也就不能有生命。 if only要是就表示与事实相反的愿望。 If only he were alive. 他还活 着就好了。 Would rather后的宾主 从句用虚拟语气 一般过去时表示现在或将 来的愿望， 过去完成时表示 过去的愿望。 I d rather have left yesterday. 昨天我宁愿离去。 I d rather you

5、 hadnt said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。 虚 拟 条 件 句 省略 if的虚拟条件句 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部 分有 were, had和 should 时， 可省略 if ， 把 were,had 和 should放到从句主语前 去 Had you not helped me, I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助， 我就失败了。 Were they here now, they could help us. 他们现在在这儿的话，就 会帮助我们的。 条件从句的省略 从句所表达的意思是不言 而喻或无需表达的。 He could not fly (even i

6、f he tried).(即使他试的话)他无论如 何不能飞。 的 省 略 条件主句的省略。 主句所表达的意思是不言 而喻或无需表达的。 If only I had more money!要是 我有更多的钱就好了！ 混合 虚拟 语句 指主句与条件从句所 指的时间不一致。 如：从句指过去， 而主句指 的是现在或将来。 He would pass the test(与现在 事实相反 )if he had taken my advice(与过去事实相反)。如果他 听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考 试。 事实与假设混合“一 真一假” 一句是事实用陈述语气, 另 一句是假设 , 故用虚拟语 气。 I woul

7、d go to the concert, but I have no time. 含蓄条件句 假设条件用without, but for, or, otherwise等短语表 达 Without your help, I couldnt have achieved all thess. 特别提示 : 一真实条件句（参见张道真高中英语语法p255） 真实条件句用于陈述语气，这种条件句实现的可能性非常大，常用 if ， unless ，once， as/so long as, on condition that等引导。其中 if 是如果的意思。例如： 1. If he comes, he will

8、 bring his violin. 2. If I have time, Ill come over to see you. 3. If we leave now, we can still catch the bus 4. I won t go to the party unless they invite me. 5. as long as you love it, you can keep it to yourself. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained

9、D. is rained 答案 B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. ( 错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. ( 对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）表示真理时, 主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形 , 而直接用一般现在时的动 词形式。 二虚拟条件句 虚拟条件句往往是指不能实现的或纯假想的情况，可以对过去，现在或将来进行假设，分 别用

10、不同的动词形式表示，主句位于动词也应相应地采用不同的形式。 If I were you, I would leave now. （对现在情况的虚拟） If you had asked me yesterday, I could have told you about that . (对过去情况的 虚拟） If it should rain tomorrow, we couldn t climb the mountain. （对将来情况的虚 拟） 三 NOTICE:错综时间条件句（根据所表示的时间调整） If you had followed me, you wouldnt miss the t

11、rain now. 四虚似语气在各种句型中的运用 1、主语从句中的虚拟 It is (was) important (necessary, strange ) that-clause Its necessary that you (should) be present at the meeting. It is (was) ordered (suggested, required, requested) that-clause It was ordered that the room (should) be cleaned. 2、wish + that-clause 现在的愿望：I wish

12、that you werent so lazy. 过去的愿望：I wish that you hadnt hurt Jim so much. 将来的愿望：I wish you wouldnt talk like that. - Have you ever studied French ? - No, but I wish I had. 3、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟 通常由几个要求接虚拟语气的名词引起：advice, demand, order, suggestion, plan, proposal, request, requirement, decision, recommendatio

13、n. etc. He gave orders that the test (should) be finished before 5:30. His suggestion is that the house (should) be built there. 4、宾语从句中的虚拟下列动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气：advise, demand, desire, insist, order, require, suggest, propose, command，recommend etc. The judge ordered that the thief (should) not be punishe

14、d. NOTICE: suggest “暗示，表明“不用虚拟语气 Her expression suggested that he was angry. insist “坚持客观事实”不用虚拟语气 The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel. He insisted that John (should) do it. “坚持认为”要用虚拟语气 5、状语从句中的虚拟 as if (though) 与现在相反，从句用过去时 He talks as if he knew everything. 与过去相反，从句用过去完成时 He looks

15、(looked) as if she had wept. 客观事实， 从句用陈述句语气 It looks as if you are tired. so that, even if (though) Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended . 6、由介词短语引起的虚拟语气( 含蓄条件句 ) without : Without your help, I shouldnt get a result. but for”若非“：But for you, we couldn t have carried out the plan.

16、7、句型 It s time + that-clause (指现在或将来） It s time that you went to school .( should go to school) would rather + that-clause（指现在或将来） I d rather you went home now. Dont come tomorrow, I d rather you came next week. what if“如果怎么办 ?“ What if they should come here ? 8、虚拟语气的倒装 Were I you, I would leave now

17、. Had you asked me yesterday, I could have told you. Should it rain tomorrow, we couldn t climb. 虚拟语气归纳 - 讲与练 2 上传 : davisguo2011 更新时间： 2011-12-1 阅读：19 巩固练习 : 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_ . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 2. You didn t

18、let me drive. If we_ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didn t get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldn t D. had driven; wouldnt have got 3. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said

19、 4. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night_ , too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze cold 5. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had l

20、ain D. should lie 6. What would have happened, _ , as far as the riverbank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. If Bob walked farther 7. _ be sent to work there? (03 上海 ) A. Who do you suggest B. Do you suggest whom C. Do you suggest who should D. Do

21、you suggest whom should 8. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of Seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. would score D. would have scored 9. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, oth

22、erwise he_ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 10. If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to 11. Don t you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?

23、 I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not sent; what 12. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 13.

24、 If there _ no homework to do after class, we _ a much happier time. A. was; we had B. were; should have C. is; would have D. are; will have 14. _ it rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. A. Were B. Should C. Were to D. Shall 15. Without your help, I _ such rapid progress in my English

25、 study. A. didn t make B. havent made C. will not have made D. wouldn t have made 16. Our teacher suggested that we_ an English dictionary. A. buy B. buying C. bought D. to buy 17. Even if he _ here, he couldnt have solved the problem. A. were B. was C. had been D. should be 18. I have lost one of m

26、y gloves. I_ it somewhere. A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped 19. According to the local regulations, anyone who intends to get a drivers license _ take an eye test. A. can B. must C. would D. may 20. Mr. White_ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show

27、up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 高考题回放 1. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (2009天津卷 ) A. would B. should C. could D. might 2. _ he had not hurt his leg, John would

28、 have won the race. A. If B. Since C. Though D. When 3. Look at the trouble I am in! if only I _ your advice. (03上海 ) A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should followed 4. But for their help， we the program in time (2009 安徽卷 ) Acan not finish Bwill not finish Chad not finished Dcould not

29、 have finished 5. -Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. (2009 湖南卷 ) -Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need 6. How I wish every family_ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海 ) A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 7. -Can you come to attend our party tonight? (01上海 )

30、-Sorry, but I so wish I _. A. had B. can C. will D. could 8. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. （ 08 江西卷） A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done 9. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn t have taken D. mustn t have taken 10. -May I smoke here? -If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D.must 虚拟语气讲练答案： 巩固练习 : CDDAC CABDB BBBBD ACBBA 高考题回放 : BACDA BDDCD