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1、1 话题 03 自然与灾害 （Nature & Disaster） 【话题解读】 自然与环境是高中新课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动人与自然的和 谐相处，人在自然界的生存、植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相 关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和 事、关注自然环境、学会与大自然和谐相处。 自然与环境是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式考查。例如： 2017 年新课标全国卷II阅读理解D篇。 . 核心单词 1. _ n.灾难 2. _ vt.引起；导致n.原因；事业；目标
2、 3. _ n.家具 4. _ vt.埋葬 5. _ vi.发生 6. _ vt. & n.（雷电、暴风雨等）袭击 7. _ vt.毁坏 8. _ adj.以前的 9. _ n. & v.损失；损害 10. _ vt.经历 _ adj.有经验的 11. _ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的_ n.暴力 12. _ n.可能；可能性_ adj.可能的 _ adv. 可能地 13. _ adj.吓人的；可怕的 _ adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的 _ vt.使惊恐；使受惊吓 14. _ adv.幸运地；幸亏 _ adj.幸运的 _ n.运气 15. _ adv.满怀希望地；有希望地_ adj.有希望的 _
3、n. & vt.希望，期望 2 16. _ adv.伤心地；不幸地 _ adj.悲伤的 _ n.悲伤 17. _ n.警告 _ vt.警告 18. _ adj.积极的；活跃的 _ n.活动 19. _ n. 自然；性质；本性 _ adj.自然的，天生的 20. _ n.灾难；灾祸；不幸 . 重点短语 1. 卷起；掀起；拾起；搭载；偶然学会_ 2. 去掉；脱掉；起飞_ 3. 平均起来_ 4. 结果为；以结束_ 5. 总共；共计_ 6. 指的是；谈到；提到；涉及_ 7. 记下；放下；镇压_ 8. set fire to _ 9. catch fire _ 10. put out _ 11. tak
4、e place _ 12. do damage to _ 13. turn over _ 14. in all _ 3 . 核心单词 1.disaster 2.cause 3.furniture 4. bury 5. occur 6.strike 7.ruin 8.previous 9. damage 10. experience ；experienced 11.violent； violence 12. possibility；possible；possibly 13.terrifying；terrified；terrify 14. luckily；lucky ；luck 15. hopef
5、ully；hopeful ； hope 16. sadly；sad；sadness 17. warning；warn 18. active；activity 19.nature；natural 20.disaster . 重点短语 1. pick up 2. take off 3. on average 4. end up 5. in all 6. refer to 7. put down 8. 放火 ( 焚烧 ) 9. 着火 10. 扑灭 ( 火) 11. 发生 12. (对 ) 造成损害 13. 翻过来；翻阅( 书页 ) 14. 总共；总计 （一）世界最危险火山随时爆发或造成灾难 Moun
6、t Nyiragongo is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world and scientists say it is only a matter of time before it makes the city below a modern day Pompeii. 尼拉贡戈火山是世界上最危险的火山之一，科学家表示， 山脚下的城 镇重现庞培古城的悲剧只是时间的问题。 But they dont know when since, located as it is in the war-torn eastern edge of the
7、democratic republic of Congo, the two mile high cauldron of lava is also one of the least well understood. 因位于战火纷飞的刚果共和国东部地区，科学家们对于这座高大的岩浆炉知之甚少，所以尚且不 能预计这场灾难性浩劫将在何时发生。 At the base of Nyiragongo sprawls Goma, a city of an estimated one million people, numbers swelling by the day as villagers from the
8、 countryside seek refuge from rebel and government forces. 坐落于尼拉贡戈火山脚下的戈马城人口将近100 万左右，由于众多灾民因不堪叛军与政府军的折磨而 4 逃亡于此，该地的人口数量也在迅速增加。 Twice in recent years Nyiragongo s eruptions have hit the city, destroying homes and sending residents fleeing. but now, seismologists believe, the risk is not just near th
9、e city, but directly beneath it. 该火山最近两次的喷发已经对这座城市造成了沉重的打击，众多房屋被毁，居民流离失所。但据地震 学家称，对于戈马城的威胁不仅来自于附近的火山，就连地下也危机四伏。 For the past 20 years the region has suffered nearly constant warfare, including a spillover from the genocide in neighbouring Rwanda. 在近 20 年中，这一地区一直饱受战乱之苦，大量的逃亡人口从首都卢旺达逃难到此。 A fragile, o
10、ften broken peace is maintained by 20,000 United Nations troops, one of the largest peace-keeping missions in the world. 由两万人的联合国维和部队所维护的这一地区的和平不堪一击，这也是世界上最艰巨的维和任务之一。 Italian seismologist Dario Tedesco has spent the last 15 years studying Nyiragongo, with funding from the European union. 获得欧盟资助的意大利地
11、震学家达利奥特德斯库在过去15 年中一直在对尼拉贡戈火山进行研究。 He has struggled to focus the scientific community s attention on volcano, and he says, there is no question it will erupt again. 他竭力地将学术界的注意力转移到这座火山上来，并称再次爆发是毫无疑问的。 Goma, he told National Geographic magazine, is the most dangerous city in the world. 他对国家地理杂志说，戈马是世界
12、上最危险的城市。 History suggests he may be right. In 2002, 350,000 fled after the volcano shot more than 15 million cubic yards of lava into downtown Goma, destroying 14,000 homes and burying buildings to the top of the first floor. 历史也许能替他佐证，2002 年的火山爆发致使1,500 万立方码的火山灰降落到了市区，14，000 幢房 屋被毁，建筑物被完全掩埋。 （二）当地震
13、发生时的你该如何应对？ When walking outside行走在户外时 Take caution against falling objects, such as signs and broken windows. Tools and construction materials can fall down at a construction site. Protect your head with your bag or coat and keep 5 at a distance from tall buildings. Stone walls and pillars can also
14、 fall down and are potentially dangerous. 当心坠落的物体，例如广告牌和破碎的窗户。建筑工具和材料有可能从建筑工地跌落。用包或大衣保 护自己的头部，和高层建筑保持距离。石墙和柱子也可能会倒塌， 从而带来安全隐患。 When driving a car驾驶车辆时 Firmly hold the steering wheel, gradually reduce speed, park your car on the side of the road, and stop the engine. Listen to information on the radi
15、o and find out what is happening. If you need to evacuate, leave your keys, keep the doors unlocked, and walk away with your car documents and valuables. 握稳方向盘，逐渐减速，然后把车停到路边，关掉引擎。收听广播信息，了解目前状况。如果需要撤 离，应将车钥匙留下，不锁车门，并随身携带好车辆证件和贵重物品。 When underground or in a subway 在地下或乘地铁时 The shaking you feel when yo
16、u are underground is about half of what you would experience over ground. Additionally, underground areas have strong structures and are safer than high-rise buildings. Calmly evacuate, following instructions from shop clerks and subway staff. 地下感受到的震动大约只有地上的一半。另外，地下建筑通常比高层建筑更坚固、安全。应按照店员 和地铁工作人员的指示，
17、沉着冷静地撤离。 When in high-rise building在高层建筑时 Elevators with earthquake sensors will stop at the nearest floor. Immediately leave the elevator. If you get stuck in the elevator, use the intercom to contact someone outside and wait for rescue. When you evacuate from buildings, never use elevators, listen to announcements, and use the stairs to leave the building. 装有地震感应器的电梯会停靠在最近的楼层，此时应迅速地离 开电梯。如果被困在电梯里，应用其通话装置和外部联系，然后等 待救援。从楼房撤离时，不要使用电梯，而应听通告，使用楼梯离 开大楼。 When near the ocean在海边时