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1、2019-2020 年高中英语外研版必修5 教学案： Module 4 Section Grammar 复习被动语态 (含答案 ) 语法图解 探究发现 Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes. They were put into prison because they had broken the law. Today, carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February. I think the pr
2、oblem can be solved soon. English lessons are being broadcast on the radio. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. He said all the task had been finished by last week. This kind of clothes washes easily and sells well. 我的发现 (1)找出句中的被动语态结构 are_bookedwere_put_into_prison is_celebratedcan_be_solved are_being
3、_broadcastwill_be_sent had_been_finished (2)以上句子中，句是用主动形式表示被动意义。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象。 一般来说，只有及物动词(短语 )才有被动语态，不及物动词(短语 )没有被动语态。 一、使用被动语态的情况 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的 执行者，用 by短语表示 由于某种理由如为了礼貌、婉转或便于组织句子 而使用被动语态 Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. 怀特老师，那个
4、装有混合液的杯子课后被打破了。 The novel was written by a high school student. 这部小说是由一个高中生写的。 巧学助记 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。 动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。 二、各种时态的被动语态形式 时态名称被动语态形式 一般现在时am/is/ are过去分词 一般过去时was/were过去分词 一般将来时will/shallbe过去分词 过去将来时wouldbe过去分词 现在进行时am/is/ arebeing过去分词 过去进行时was/were being过去分词 现在完成时have/hasbeen过去分词 过去完成时
5、hadbeen过去分词 即时演练1用所给动词的被动语态形式填空 More students will_be_admitted (admit) to this university next year. A new road is_being_built (build) and is expected to open next month. (2015 福 建 高 考 改 编 )To my delight, I was_chosen (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. This kind of
6、chocolate has_been_made (make) several times so far. He said the work would_be_finished (finish) in half an hour. When I got there the work had_been_done (do) 三、被动语态的特殊形式 1含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词be过去分词” 。 She should be taught how to operate the computer. 应该教给她如何操作电脑。 2 “get动词的过去分词”是被动语态的变形，强调结果。 The bo
7、y got hurt when he was riding to school. 那个男孩子骑车上学时受伤了。 3动词不定式的被动语态 一般式 to be done：表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之 后发生或与其同时发生 完成式 to have been done：表示不定式的动作发生在 谓语动作之前 The book is said to be published soon. 据说这本书很快就会出版。 He seemed to have been told the bad news. 看起来已有人告诉过他这个坏消息了。 即时演练2完成句子 All the letters should_be_an
8、swered immediately. 所有信件均应立刻回复。 The operation must_be_done at once. 必须马上做手术。 Nobody got_hurt/injured in the accident. 没有人在这次事故中受伤。 The computer seems to_have_been_used already. Can you give me a new one? 这台电脑好像已经被用过。你能给我一台新的吗？ 四、主动形式表达被动意义 1动词 look, sound, feel, smell, taste, seem, turn, fall, grow,
9、 keep, go, stay作系动词时， 后跟名词或形容词作表语，表示主语的特点，此时用主动形式表达被动意义。 The building looks very beautiful. 这栋建筑看上去很美。 2表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, open, stop, move等，用主动形式表 达被动意义。 The shop opens at 8：00 in the morning every day. 商店每天上午八点开始营业。 3表示主语属性、特性的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, lock 等，用主动形式表达被 动意义。 The new bo
10、ok of Guo Jingming sells well. 郭敬明的新书卖得很好。 4be worth 后跟动名词形式，用主动形式表达被动含义；need, want, require 等词表 示 “需要” ，且物作主语时， 后接doing, 用主动形式表达被动含义，相当于to be done。 The movie is worth seeing. 这部影片值得一看。 The rumour needs clarifying/to be clarified. 谣言需要澄清。 5be to blame 或 be to let 也是主动形式表示被动意义。 He is to blame for the
11、 broken window. 因为打破了窗户他应该受到责备。 6在“ be形容词 to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被 动意义；动词不定式在名词后作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，且和句中另一名词 或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。 This kind of water isn t fit to drink. 这种水不适合饮用。 I ll give you something to read. 我将给你一些东西读。 即时演练3 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 I have a lot of readings to_complete (complete
12、) before the end of this term. In many people s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to_deal (deal) with. With so much work to_do (do), I have no time to go to the cinema. The problem is worth discussing (discuss) again. The soup tastes (taste) a little sour and a little sweet
13、. (2)完成句子 That driver was_to_blame for the accident. 那位司机应对此事故负责。 The house needs repairing/to_be_repaired. 这座房子需要修理。 He isn t easy to_get_along_with. 他不易相处。 The cloth washes_easily. 这布很好洗。 The material feels_very_soft. 这种材料摸起来很软。 五、主动语态变成被动语态 1 将主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语，谓语动词变为 “be及物动词的过去分词”， 并通过 be 的变化来表达出
14、不同的时态，其后可接by 介词短语， by 后面是动作的发出者(有 时 by 短语可以省略)。 The teacher asked him to answer the question. 老师让他回答问题。(变成被动语态) He was asked to answer the question by the teacher. 2被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后 加 not；特殊疑问句的语序为“疑问词一般疑问句”。 Where did they grow vegetables? 他们在哪儿种菜？(变成被动语态) Where were vegetables
15、grown by them? 3含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法： 一是将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)保持不变； 二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to 或 for 引导。 He told us a story. 他给我们讲了一个故事。(变成被动语态) We were told a story by him. A story was told to us by him. Her mother bought her a computer. 她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。(变成被动语态) A computer was bought for her by her mother.
16、She was bought a computer by her mother. 4若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语，在变为被动语态时，要将动词短语视为一个整体， 其后的介词或副词不能省去。 She will take good care of the children. 她将会照顾好这些孩子。(变成被动语态) The children will be taken good care of by her. 即时演练4将下列句子改为被动句 The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. The_foreign_guests_were_give
17、n_a_warm_welcome_by_the_children. The news of his sudden success shocked us all. We_were_all_shocked_by_the_news_of_his_sudden_success. We expect you to finish the work in time. You_are_expected_to_finish_the_work_in_time. His father bought a computer for him last week. He_was_bought_a_computer_by_h
18、is_father_last_week./A_computer_was_bought_for_him_ by_his_father_last_week. They kept us waiting for a long time. We_were_kept_waiting_for_a_long_time_by_them. .单句语法填空 1Have you moved into the new house? Not yet. The rooms are_being_painted (paint). 2More patients have_been_treated (treat) in hospi
19、tal since last month. 3She called us that she would_be_delayed (delay) and would arrive in two hours. 4Do what you are_told (tell); otherwise you will_be_punished (punish) 5Books of this kind sell (sell) well. 6What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. It s worth reading (read) a second time. 7
20、There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need improving/to_be_improved (improve) 8When she was ill in hospital, her children were_taken (take) care of by a neighbour. 9Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I get paid (pay) on Frid
21、ay. 10I soon found that the work I was doing had_been_done (do) by other people. .单句写作 1So far nothing has_been_made_clear about the meeting. 到目前为止，有关会议的事情一点也没明确。 2Those villages are so small that they can t_be_shown on the maps. 那些村子太小不可能标在地图上。 3The problem is easy_to_solve with his help. 在他的帮助下，这个
22、问题很容易解决。 4The number of deaths from heart disease will_be_reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruits and vegetables. 如果人们被说服了吃更多的水果和蔬菜，那么死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。 5The fields around us looked_like a golden sea when we were in the countryside. 当我们到乡下时，我们周围的田野看起来像金色的海洋。 6In big cities, cleaning w
23、omen usually get_paid_by_the_hour. 在大城市，女清洁工通常按小时得到报酬。 .短文改错 Last summer, my family went to Paris to see my relatives that we hadn t seen them for over 7 years. We left with my dad because he had to work. The flight was very bored. After about three and the half hours, we finally arrived. One of my
24、uncle picked us up at the airport and drove us to his house, when we had a big dinner. During the next few days, we invited to other relatives houses to eat. Also, we went through the Louvre, the museum of art to enjoy the MonaLisa. There were so many people that I nearly got losing. In a word, the trip was very interesting and I look forward to go there again. 答案： 第一句：去掉them 第二句： with without 第三句： boredboring 第四句： thea 第五句： uncleuncles; whenwhere 第六句： invited 前加 were 第七句： throughto 第八句： losinglost 第九句： go going