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1、For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use 现在完成时 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开 始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语： recently, lately, since for,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构： have/has + done 4.否定形式： have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句： have或 has提前 6.它主要适用于下面的几种情况： 1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作 By
2、 now, I have collected all the data that I need . 到现在为止，我已收集到了我 所需的全部资料。 She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了 150 页。 2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作 Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？ 3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续 It has been five years since he joined the army . 他参军五年了。 1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语 言环境。例
3、如： He speaks English . （一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。） He spoke English when he was in New Zealand . （一般过去时，说明动作发生 的时间。） He is speaking English. （现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。） He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时， 这里说明动作的总和。） 2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语 动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来
4、时； 如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时 来表示过去将来时。 例如： I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow. I would not play tennis if it rained the next day. 3) 有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动 词常见的有： be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , re
5、member , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。 4）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题 常和有些副词连用， 如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not yet , always等等。 B. 在以 when 提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外，ago不能用于现 在完成时的句子里， 因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去 时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示 “以前
6、“的意义，因为它只表示 “以前“，而 不知什么时候的以前。 C. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以 for 表示 的“一段时间 “的状语连用。 在这种情况下， 应该用 “It has been ；since“的句 式来表达。如： He has joined the army for five years. （错误） It has been five years since he joined the army.（正确） 能与现在完成时连用词语很多，如副词 just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等， 但下面是一些典型而且重要
7、的例子： (1) since( 自从)：不管用作介词、连词还是副词, 句子(主句)谓语通常都用现 在完成时： I havent seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。 Where have you been since I last saw? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了? (2) so far(到目前为止 )： So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。 We haven t had any trouble so far. 到目前为止，我们还没有遇到任何麻烦。 (3) in for, durin
8、g the past last years(在过去年中 )： In the past two years I ve seen him little. 过去两年我很少见到他。 I have been here (for) the last past month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。 (4) up to until now(到现在为止 )： Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。 I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音 信。 (5) Its will be th
9、e first time that (第一次 )： Its the first time Ive come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。 现在完成时练习 一、单项选择 1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago
10、 .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this
11、 school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、-These farmers have been to the United Stat
12、es . -Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、-_ you _ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 三、汉译英 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。 6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？ 过去完成时态
13、讲解与练习 定义： 过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作、事情。 它 表示的是发生在“ 过去的过去 ” 的动作，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的时候才会使用 过去完成时。 构成： 基本形式 : had + 过去分词。如: We had reached the top of the hill before midnight. 在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。 否定形式 : had + not + 过去分词。如: They hadn t finished the work when we got there. 我们到那儿时 ,他们还没有完成工作。 一般疑问句形式: had
14、 提到句首 ,回答用 Yes, 主语+ had. / No, 主语 + hadnt. 如: Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday? 他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗? Yes, he had. (No, he hadn t.) 是的 ,他告诉了。 (不,他没有。 ) 用法： 1、用在 “ after / before / when + 过去时态从句” 或有 “ by+ 过去时间 ” 的句子中 。例如： by then, by before nine o clock yesterday,by the end of last year, by th
15、e age of twenty, by the time I arrived Mother had already cooked supper before I returned home. 在我回到家前 ,妈妈已经把饭做好了。 2、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去 时。例如： When I returned home, my guest had already left. I did not see the film because I had seen it before. 3、常用在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中. 如 told, said, k
16、new, heard, thought, asked 等动 词后的宾语从句。例如： My father asked me if I had finished reading that book. 爸爸问我是否读完那本书了。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. He asked what I had said. 现在完成时和过去完成时的区别： 现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果, 过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果。 1. 单项选择 1He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had
17、 been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten 。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She _lived here for _ years. A. had, a
18、 few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she _ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _ them
19、selves _ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a num
20、ber of books _ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 2.用动词的适当形式填空 1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in. 2. That rich old man _ (make) a will b
21、efore he _ (die). 5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed. 6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call. 14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do) 15. She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (go) there before. 16. He _(not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he _
22、already_(give) the book to the teacher. 3. 句型转换 2. She had sung a song to us before she danced. （改否定句） _. 3. They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink. （否定） _ 4. By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry. （改一般疑问） _ 5. Lucy had already completed the project when I arr
23、ived. （改一般疑问） _ 将来完成时 定义 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与 before+将来时间或by+ 将来时间连用，也可与before或 by the time引导的现在时的 从句连用。 构成 will/shall+have+完成式用于第一人称，will+have+完成式用于其他人称。 实例 a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。 b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或已获得的 经验。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You
24、will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 将来完成时的构成 将来完成时的构成是由“shall/will + have +过去分词 “构成的。 Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter. 不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。 He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates. 他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。 Will you have known Kevin for 10 y
25、ears next month? 到下个月你认识凯文该有10 年了吧？ 将来完成时的用法 表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。 We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到这个学期末，我们将学完12 个单元。 By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。 表示推测，相当于“must have done“结构。 You will have heard of t
26、his, I guess. 我想你已经听说过这件事了。 I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了这个信息 .表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间 we will have been married a year on june 25th 到 6 月 25 日我们俩结婚就满1 年了 练习题 1. By the summer, Elizabeth_ here for ten years . A. will work B. works C. will have worked D. has worked 2. I. hope you
27、_ the instructions ready before I come tomorrow A. to get B. shall get C. will get D. will have gotten . 3. No sooner_ than the accident happened. A. he had gone B. had he gone C. his going D. he went 4. Hardly_ when the bus suddenly pulled away. A. they had got to the bus stop B. had they got to th
28、e bus stop C. did they get to the bus stop D. they got to the bus stop 5. Mother doesnt know much time I have spent in watching TV; if she ever found out ,Im sure_. A. shed never forgive me B. she never forgive me C. shell never forgive me D. she does never forgive me 6. As soon as he_ his error, Ro
29、ckfeller made the necessary corrections to his data collected. A. discovered B. has discovered C. discovers D. had discovered 7. I _meeting you ever since we parted. A. was looking forward to B. have been looking forward to C. had been looking forward to D. looked forward to 8 Where have you been? W
30、hat _ ? A. did you do B. have you been doing C. have made D. were you doing 9. She has been studying here for five years and by the end of next summer she _. A. will graduate B. will be graduating C. will be graduated D. will have graduated 10. When you come tonight at eight o clock, I _ eight lesso
31、ns. A. would review B. shall review C. shall have reviewed D. shall be reviewing 仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。 For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use. Nur f r den pers?nlichen fr Studien, Forschung, zu kommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden. Pour l tude et la recherche uniquemen
32、t des fins personnelles; pas des fins commerciales. , , . 以下无正文 仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。 For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use. Nur f r den pers?nlichen fr Studien, Forschung, zu kommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden. Pour l tude et la recherche uniquement des fins personnelles; pas des fins commerciales. , , . 以下无正文 For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use