剑桥雅思1.pdf

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1、12 LISTENING Example What has the woman lost? Aa briefcaseCa handbag Ba suitcaseDa wallet Practice Test 1 SECTION 1 Questions 1-10 Questions 1-5 Circle the appropriate letter. 1What does her briefcase look like? ABCD 2Which picture shows the distinguishing features? ABCD 3What did she have inside he

2、r briefcase? Awallet, pens and novelCpens and novel Bpapers and walletDpapers, pens and novel Listening 4Where was she standing when she lost her briefcase? 5What time was it when she lost her briefcase? ABCD ABCD Questions 6-10 Complete the form Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. PERSO

3、NAL DETAILS FORM Name:Mary (6) . Address:Flat 2 (7) . (8) . Road Canterbury Telephone:(9) Estimated value of lost item: (10) 14 Example B Money promised for drought victims Practice Test 1 SECTION 2 Questions 11-21 Questions 11-13 Tick the THREE other items which are mentioned in the news headlines.

4、 NEWS HEADLINES ARivers flood in the north CNurses on strike in Melbourne DPassengers rescued from ship EPassengers rescued from plane FBus and train drivers national strike threat GTeachers demand more pay HNew uniform for QANTAS staff INational airports under new management ? Listening Questions 1

5、4-21 Complete the notes below by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS in the spaces provided. The Government plans to give (14) $ to assist the farmers. This money was to be spent on improving Sydneys (15) but has now been re-allocated. Australia has experienced its worst drought in over fifty years. Fa

6、rmers say that the money will not help them because it is (16) . . An aeroplane which was carrying a group of (17) was forced to land just (18) . minutes after take-off. The passengers were rescued by (19) . The operation was helped because of the good weather. The passengers thanked the (20) . for

7、saving their lives but unfortunately they lost their (21) . 16 Practice Test 1 SECTION 3 Questions 22-31 Questions 22-25 Circle the appropriate letter. Example The student is looking for the School of AFine Arts. BEconomic History. CEconomics. DAccountancy. 22The orientation meeting Atook place rece

8、ntly. Btook place last term. Cwill take place tomorrow. Dwill take place next week. 23Attendance at lectures is Aoptional after 4 pm. Bclosely monitored. Cdifficult to enforce. Dsometimes unnecessary. 24Tutorials take place Aevery morning. Btwice a week. Cthree mornings a week. Dthree afternoons a w

9、eek. 25The lecturers name is ARoberts. BRawson. CRogers. DRobertson. Listening Questions 26-31 Complete the notes below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. Course requirements: A piece of work ON A given topic. Students must: (26) for 25 minutes (27) . give to lecturer for marking Usually (28) (29) . Im

10、portant books are in (30) . . Focus on (31) . Tutorial paper: Essay topic: Type of exam: Library: Focus of course: 18 Practice Test 1 SECTION 4 Questions 32-41 Questions 32-33 Circle the appropriate letter. 32The speaker works within the Faculty of AScience and Technology. BArts and Social Sciences.

11、 CArchitecture. DLaw. 33The Faculty consists firstly of Asubjects. Bdegrees. Cdivisions. Ddepartments. Questions 34-36 Complete the notes m NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. The subjects taken in the first semester in this course are psychology, sociology, (34) . and . . Students may have problems with (35)

12、 . and (36) . . Reading Questions 37-41 Circle the appropriate letter. 37The speaker says students can visit her Aevery morning. Bsome mornings. Cmornings only. DFriday morning. 38 According to the speaker, a tutorial Ais a type of lecture. Bis less important than a lecture. Cprovides a chance to sh

13、are views. Dprovides an alternative to groupwork. 39When writing essays, the speaker advises the students to Aresearch their work well. Bname the books they have read. Cshare work with their friends. Davoid using other writers ideas. 40The speaker thinks that plagiarism is Aa common problem. Ban acc

14、eptable risk. Ca minor concern. Da serious offence. 41The speakers aims are to Aintroduce students to university expectations. Bintroduce students to the members of staff. Cwarn students about the difficulties of studying. Dguide students round the university. 20 Practice Test 1 READING PASSAGE 1 Yo

15、u should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-15 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below A spark, a flint: How fire leapt to life The control of fire was the first and perhaps greatest of humanitys steps towards a life-enhancing technology To early man, fire was a divine gift randomly delivered

16、in the form of lightning, forest fire or burning lava. Unable to make flame for themselves, the earliest peoples probabh stored fire by keeping slow burning logs alight or by carrying charcoal in pots. How and where man learnt how to produce flame at will is unknown. It was probably a secondary inve

17、ntion, accidentally made during tool-making operations with wood or stone. Studies of primitive societies suggest that the earliest method of making fire was through friction. European peasants would insert a wooden drill in a round hole and rotate it briskly between their palms This process could b

18、e speeded up by wrapping a cord around the drill and pulling on each end. The Ancient Greeks used lenses or concave mirrors to concentrate the suns rays and burning glasses were also used by Mexican Aztecs and the Chinese. P e r c u s s i o n methods of fire- lighting date back to Paleolithic times,

19、 when some Stone Age tool-makers discovered that chipping flints produced sparks. The technique became more efficient after the discovery of iron, about 5000 vears ago In Arctic North America, the Eskimos produced a slow-burning spark by striking quartz against iron pyrites, a compound that contains

20、 sulphur. The Chinese lit their fires by striking porcelain with bamboo. In Europe, the combination of steel, flint and tinder remained the main method of fire- lighting until the mid 19th century. Fire-lighting was revolutionised by the discovery of phosphorus, isolated in 1669 by a German alchemis

21、t trying to transmute silver into gold. Impressed by the elements combustibility, several 17th century chemists used it to manufacture fire-lighting devices, but the results were dangerously inflammable. With phosphorus costing the Reading eqimalent of several hundred pounds per ounce, the hrst matc

22、hes were expensive. The quest for a practical match really began after 1781 when a group of French chemists came up with the Phosphoric Candle or Ethereal Match, a sealed glass tube containing a twist of paper tipped with phosphorus. When the tube was broken, air rushed in, causing the phosphorus to

23、 self- combust. An even more hazardous device, popular in America, was the Instantaneous Light Box a bottle filled with sulphuric acid into which splints treated with chemicals were dipped. The first matches resembling those used today were made in 1827 by John Walker, an English pharmacist who borr

24、owed the formula from a military rocket-maker called Congreve. Costing a shilling a box, Congreves were splints coated with sulphur and tipped with potassium chlorate. To light them, the user drew them quickly through folded glass paper. Walker never patented his invention, and three years later it

25、was copied by a Samuel Jones, who marketed his product as Lucifers. About the same time, a French chemistry student called Charles Sauria produced the first “strike-anywhere” match by substituting white phosphorus for the potassium chlorate in the Walker formula. However, since white phosphorus is a

26、 deadly poison, from 1845 match-makers exposed to its fumes succumbed to necrosis, a disease that eats away jaw-bones. It wasnt until 1906 that the substance was eventually banned. That was 62 years after a Swedish chemist called Pasch had discovered non-toxic red or amorphous phosphorus, a developm

27、ent exploited commercially by Paschs compatriot J E Lundstrom in 1885. Lundstroms safety matches were safe because the red phosphorus was non-toxic; it was painted on to the striking surface instead of the match tip, which contained potassium chlorate with a relatively high ignition temperature of 1

28、82 degrees centigrade. America lagged behind Europe in match technology and safety standards. It wasnt until 1900 that the Diamond Match Company bought a French patent for safety matches but the formula did not work properly in the different climatic conditions prevailing in America and it was anoth

29、er 11 years before scientists finally adapted the French patent for the US. The Americans, however, can claim several “firsts” in match technology and marketing. In 1892 the Diamond Match Company pioneered book matches. The innovation didnt catch on until after 1896, when a brewery had the novel ide

30、a of advertising its product in match books. Today book matches are the most widely used type in the US, with 90 percent handed out free by hotels, restaurants and others. Other American innovations include an anti- afterglow solution to prevent the match from smouldering after it has been blown out

31、; and the waterproof match, which lights after eight hours in water. 22 Practice Test 1 Questions 1-8 Complete the summary below. Choose your answers from the box at the bottom of the page and write them in boxes 1 8 on your answer sheet. NB There are more words than spaces so you will not use them

32、all You may use any of the words more than once. EARLY FIRE-LIGHTING METHODS Primitive societies saw fire as a . (Example) . gift. Answer heavenly They tried to . (1) . burning logs or charcoal . (2) . that they could create fire themselves. It is suspected that the first man-made flames were produc

33、ed by . (3) . The very first fire-lighting methods involved the creation of . (4) . by, for example, rapidly . (5) . a wooden stick in a round hole. The use of . (6) . or persistent chipping was also widespread in Europe and among other peoples such as the Chinese and . (7) . . European practice of

34、this method continued until the 1850s . (8) . the discovery of phosphorus some years earlier. List of Words Mexicansrandomrotating despitepreserverealising sunlightlackingheavenly percussionchancefriction unawarewithoutmake heatingEskimossurprised untilsmoke Rreading Questions 9-15 Look at the follo

35、wing notes that have been made about the matches described in Reading Passage 1. Decide which type of match (A-H) corresponds with each description and write your answers in boxes 9 15 on your answer sheet. NB There are more matches than descriptions so you will not use them all. You may use any mat

36、ch more than once. ExampleAnswer could be lit after soaking in water H NOTES 9made using a less poisonous type of phosphorus 10identical to a previous type of match 11caused a deadly illness 12first to look like modern matches 13first matches used for advertising 14relied on an airtight glass contai

37、ner 15made with the help of an army design Types of Matches Athe Ethereal Match Bthe Instantaneous Lightbox CCongreves DLucifers Ethe first strike-anywhere match FLundstroms safety match Gbook matches Hwaterproof matches 24 Practice Test 1 READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Quest

38、ions 16-28 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. Zoo conservation programmes One of London Zoos recent advertisements caused me some irritation, so patently did it distort reality. Headlined “Without zoos you might as well tell these animals to get stuffed”, it was bordered with illustrations

39、of several endangered species and went on to extol the myth that without zoos like London Zoo these animals “will almost certainly disappear forever”. With the zoo worlds rather mediocre record on conservation, one might be forgiven for being slightly sceptical about such an advertisement. Zoos were

40、 originally created as places of entertainment, and their suggested involvement with conservation didnt seriously arise until about 30 years ago, when the Zoological Society of London held the first formal international meeting on the subject. Eight years later, a series of world conferences took pl

41、ace, entitled “The Breeding of Endangered Species”, and from this point onwards conservation became the zoo communitys buzzword. This commitment has now been clearh defined in The World Zpo Conservation Strategy (WZGS, September 1993), which although an important and welcome document does seem to be

42、 based on an unrealistic optimism about the nature of the zoo industry The WZCS estimates that there are about 10,000 zoos in the world, of which around 1,000 represent a core of quality collections capable of participating in co-ordinated conservation programmes. This is probably the documents firs

43、t failing, as I believe that 10,000 is a serious underestimate of the total number of places masquerading as zoological establishments. Of course it is difficult to get accurate data but, to put the issue into perspective, I have found that, in a year of working in Eastern Europe, I discover fresh z

44、oos on almost a weekly basis. The second flaw in the reasoning of the WZCS document is the naive faith it places in its 1,000 core zoos. One would assume that the calibre of these institutions would have been carefully examined, but it appears that the criterion for inclusion on this select list mig

45、ht merely be that the zoo is a member of a zoo federation or association. This might be a good starting point, working on the premise that members must meet certain standards, but again the facts dont support the theory. The greatly respected American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums (A

46、AZPA) has had extremely dubious members, and in the UK the Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland has Reading occasionally had members that have been roundly censured in the national press. These include Robin Hill Adventure Park on the Isle of Wight, which many considered the

47、 most notorious collection of animals in the country. This establishment, which for years was protected by the Isles local council (which viewed it as a tourist amenity), was finally closed down following a damning report by a veterinary inspector appointed under the terms of the Zoo Licensing Act 1

48、981. As it was always a collection of dubious repute, one is obliged to reflect upon the standards that the Zoo Federation sets when granting membership. The situation is even worse in developing countries where little money is available for redevelopment and it is hard to see a way of incorporating

49、 collections into the overall scheme of the WZCS. Even assuming that the WZCSs 1,000 core zoos are all of a high standard complete with scientific staff and research facilities, trained and dedicated keepers, accommodation that permits normal or natural behaviour, and a policy of co-operating fully with one another what might be the potential for conservation? Colin Tudge, author of Last Animals at the Zoo (Oxford University Press, 1992), argues that “if the world”s zoos worked together in co-operative breeding pr

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