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1、1 / 12 八年级上册英语语法讲解与练习 词语辨析： 1. anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词 . anywhere 在任何地方, 常用于否定句和疑问句中 .I cant find it anywhere. somewhere 在某处 ,到某处 ,常用于肯定句 . I lost my key somewhere near here. 2. seem + 形容词看起来 You seem happy today. seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 从句看起来好像 ；似乎 .
2、 It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像,似乎 It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth. 决定做某事They decide to visit the museum. decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式He can not decide when to leave. 4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始,可与 begin 互换 .He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin . 1) 创办,开
3、办： He started a new bllkshop last month. 2) 机器开动：I can t start my car. 3) 出发,动身： I will start tomorrow morning. 5. over 介词,多于,超过,在以上（表示数目、程度） = more than My father is over 40 years old. 在之上,与物体垂直且不接触 ,与 under 相反 . There is a map over the blackboard. 超过： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to
4、travel all over the world. 6. too many 太多,后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much 太多,修饰不可数名词 ,修饰动词作状语 . We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much. much too 太,修饰形容词或副词 . The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast. 分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可
5、数 , too 后修饰形或副 . too many 要记住 ,后面名词必复数 . 7. because of 介词短语 ,因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词 ,不能接句子 . He can t take a walk because of the rain. because 连词,因为,引导状语从句 ,表示直接明确的原因或理由. I don t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 词语辨析： 1. how often 多久一次 ,用来提问动作发生的频率 .回答用： once,
6、twice, three times 等词语 . How often do you play sports? Three times a week. how long 多长,用来询问多长时间 ,也可询问某物有多长 . How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler? how for 多远, 用来询问距离 ,指路程的远近 . How far is it from here to the park? It s about 2 kilometers. 2 / 12 2. free 空闲的,有空的 ,
7、反义词为busy. be free 有空,闲着,相当于 have time. I ll be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 还可作 “ 免费的、自由的 ” 解.be free to do sth. 自由地做某事 . The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay . 3. e？ 怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通；可单独使用 ,也可引导一个问句 , 相当于疑问句why, 但 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序. nn 4. stay up late 指“ 熬夜到很晚 ,迟
8、睡”. Don t stay up late next time. stay up 指“ 熬夜,不睡觉 ”. He stayed up all night to write his story. 5. go to bed 强调 “ 上床睡觉 ” 的动作及过程 ,但人不一定睡着 . I went to bed at eleven last night. go to sleep 强调 “ 入睡,睡着,进入梦乡 ”. She was so tired that she went to sleep soon. 6. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现： We have found him (to be
9、) a good boy. find + 宾语 + 形容词 , 发现： He found the room dirty. find + 宾语 + 现在分词 , 发现 ： I found her standing at the door. 7. percent 百分数 , 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式 ,作主语时 ,根据所修饰的名词来判 断谓语的单复数 . Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed. 8. more than 超过,多于,不仅
10、仅 , 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换.反义词组为： less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years. 9. afraid 形容词 , 担心的 ,害怕的 ,在句中作表语 ,不用在名词前作定语 . I m afraid we can be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人/ 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 . Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.
11、 I m afraid + 从句（恐怕 ,担心） ： I m afraid I have to go now. 10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别： sometimes 频度副词 , 有时.表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用 ,可位于句首、句中或 句末. Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up? sometime 副词 ,某个时候 . 表示不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词 when. I will go to Shangh
12、ai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week? some times 名词词组 , 几次,几倍.其中 time 是可数名词 ,对它提问用 how many times. I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story? some time 名词短语 , 一段时间 . 表示 “ 一段时间 ” 时,句中谓语动词常为延续性动词,提问时用 How long. I ll stay here for some time. -Ho
13、w long will you stay here? 3 / 12 Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister 词语辨析： laugh v. 说到某事持续多久则用for; 说到某事具体 发生的时间用 in. We visited many places of interest during the summer holiday. I ve been here for two weeks. They usually leave school in July. 10 / 12 一般将来时结构： 肯定式：主语 + will/shall + 动词原形+ 其他 （wil
14、l 用于各种人称 ,shall 用于第一人称） 主语 + be going to + 动词原形+ 其他 （be 随人称、数和时间的变化而变换） 否定式：在 will/shall/be 后面加 not. will not = wont . 一般疑问句：将 will/shall/be 提到主语前面 . There be 句型的一般将来时： There will be + 主语 + 其他 ,意为 ：将会有 .一般疑问句形式为：Will there be + 主语 + 其他. 肯定回答是：Yes, there will. 否定回答是：No, there won t. 否定形式是： There wont
15、 be + 主语 + 其他, 将不会有 特殊疑问句是 : 疑问词 / 词组 + 一般疑问句？ When will there be a nice basketball match? 练习： 用 more, less,fewer 填空 . 1. In the future, there will be _fresh water because there will be _pollution in the sea. 2. In 100 years, there will be _cars because there will be _people in the cities. 3. There
16、will be _job for people because _ robots will do the same jobs as people. 4. I think there will be _cities because people will build_buildings in the country. 5. In 50 years, people will have _ free time because there will be _things to do. 补全对话： Girl: Mon, what will the future _like? Mom: Well, no
17、one knows what the future will be _. Girl: But _ I be beautiful like you?_I be a pilot? I want to fly up into the sky. Mom: Youre already beautiful. And you should study hard. Then you _be a pilot. Girl: OK,I must study hard then. Mom: But you should also remember that _ will _ both good and bad thi
18、ngs in life. Girl: Oh, but Im not scared. Mom, because you _ help me! 1、Traveling to space is no longer just a dream. Russia_the first hotel in space in the near future. A. builds B. will build C. built D. has built 2、There _ a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening. A. will have B. is go
19、ing to be C . is having 3、In 50 years there _more robots i n people s homes. A. were B. will have C. will be D. have 4、-Will people live to be 300 years old? -_. A. No, they arent B. No, they wont C. No, they dont D. No, they cant 5、They _any classes next week. A. will have B. won t have C. have D.
20、had Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? 短语用法： How many + 可数名词复数How much + 不可数名词let sb. + do sth. want + to do sth. forget + to do sth. how + to do sth. There are many reasons for 一段时间+ago 11 / 12 by + doing sth. need + to do sth. make + 宾语 + 形 容词It s time(for sb) + to do sth FirstNextThenFin
21、ally We need one cup of yogurt. 主谓一致判断法： 1. 不可数名词作主语时 ,谓语动词用单数 . 2. 动名词或动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 . 3. eitheror , neithernor , not onlybut also连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与邻 近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致. 4. 在 here, there 开头的倒装句中 ,谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致. 词语辨析： 1. turn on 打开,接通（电源 ,气,水）,反义词是 turn off. 2. turn up/turn down 调高/低音量 . 3
22、. pour into 将倒入/灌入 into 是：进入 in 是：在 内. 在 put, throw, break, lay, fall 等动词之后 ,既可用 in,也可用 into.但 in 可作副词 ,into 不能. 3. 有关 make 的短语： make the bed 铺床make tea 沏茶make trouble 惹麻烦 make money 赚钱make a decision做决定make a telephone call 打电话 make a visit 拜访make a mistake犯错误make a noise弄出噪音 make a living 谋生make s
23、ure 务必 4. one more thing = another one thing 基数词 + more + 名词 = another + 基数词 + 名词 5. fill with 用填充 be filled with = be full of 充满. The boy filled the bottle with sand. / The bag was full of clothes. 6. cover with 用把覆盖be covered with 被所覆盖. cover n. 封面,盖子. Ann covered her face with her hands. / The co
24、ver of the magazine is nice. 7. Its time (for sb) to do sth. 到某人做某事的时候了 . It s time for sth. 到做某事的时候了 . 短语用法： invite sb. to do sth. help sb. (to) do sth What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数（+ 主语 + 谓语）！ What + 形容词 + 名词复数 /不可数名词（ + 主语 + 谓语）！ be sad to do sth. see sb to do sth / see sb doing sth the best way to
25、do sth. have a surprise party for sb look forward to doing sth. reply to sth/sb. Whats today? Whats the date today? What day is it today? 12 / 12 词语辨析： 1. prepare意为“ 准备”,强调准备的动作与过程 .宾语是这一动作的承受者.其后也可接双宾语 ,还 可接不定式 . prepare for sth. 为准备好 .for 的宾语不是动作的承受者 ,而是表示准备的目的 , 即所要应付的情况 . / prepare to do sth 准备做
26、某事 . prepare 强调准备的动作与过程.宾语是这一动作的承受者 .其后也可接双宾语 ,还可接不定式 . get/be ready意为“ 准备好 ”,强调准备的结果 .常见结构有：be ready(for sth )get sth. ready be ready(for sth)be get ready to do( 准备干某事 ,乐于干某事 ) We _ the mid-term examination. Miss Li said, “Everyone should _before class. 2. hang out 常去某处 ,泡在某处hang on 紧紧抓住hang about
27、闲荡hang up 挂电话 , 悬挂,挂起 3、catch you = bye bye catch a cold 感冒catch sbs eye 引起某人注意catch the train 赶上火车catch up with 赶上,跟上catch hold of 抓住 4、accept 接受 , 反义词为： refuse. accept指主观上愿意接受 ,receive 收到,指客观上收到或拿 到,但主观上不一定会接受 . I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn t like to accept it. 5、turn down = refuse 拒绝turn up 放大,调高turn over 翻身take turns 依次,轮流 6、help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事help sb. with sth 在某方面帮助人help oneself to sth 随便吃 7、at the end of 在末尾,在尽头, by the end of 到末为止in the end of 终于 8、surprised 形容词 ,感到意外的 ,主语是人 be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到意外 surprising 形容词 ,令人惊讶的 ,主语是物The news was surpring.