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1、Topic Eight Weather and Nature 天气与自然 话说中考 随着社会经济的快速发展，社会和谐已提上日程，天气与自然环境很快就成为人们关注 的话题之一。 此类话题多是说明文和议论文。这就要求我们了解说明文和议论文的特点，这 样才能对问题进一步地分析和解读，才能自觉地完成命题要求，取得高分。 解题思路：把握该类话题的特征，对所给信息进行归纳整合 走进中考 ( 湖北襄樊 2010) Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆 ) They can happen any time of a day， at any point during the
2、 year When an earthquake is happening ，you should know what you should do or not do Do NOT go outside You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线 ) Stay under a desk，table ，or other strong furnitureHold on to it Or st
3、ay in a corner of the buildingCover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothingStay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building， and anything else that could fall and hurt yo
4、uMost people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself Also keep away from a fireYou could fall down and burn yourself on the fire If you are driving when an earthquake happens， stop the car if its safe Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and dont drive
5、 near bridgesTry not to stop by power lines or treesThese could fall and hurt you 阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1It isnt safe for you to _ while the earthquake is happening Arun out of the building Bstay in a corner of the building Ccover your head with your arms Dcover your mouth with a towel ( ) 2From th
6、is passage，we know _ Amany people fear earthquakes Bearthquakes maybe happen at any time Cwe cant save ourselves in an earthquake Dpeople never get injured in earthquakes ( ) 3The best title for this passage should be “_“ AHow Earthquakes Happen BHow to Drive a Car CWhat We Should Do in Earthquakes
7、DWhy Earthquakes Happen 解析 1A BCD 三项在第三段可找到答案；根据第二段内容可知 A 项的做法是不安全的， 故正确答案为 A。 2B 根据第一段前两句可知，地震可能随时会发生，故 B 项为正确答案。 3C 通过全文可知本文主要是在介绍发生地震时，我们应该采取哪些措施才能使自己 避免受伤，故正确答案为 C。 话题专练 一 Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth When some plates of the earth move suddenly ，an earthquake happensMany earthqua
8、kes begin under the seaThey often happen near the mountains，too During an earthquake，the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack(断 裂) openHouses fall，people are killed or hurt ，and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquak
9、es? Scientists have studied earthquakes and made maps that show the “earthquake belts“In areas in these belts ，its possible for earthquakes to happenIn these areas we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes In the future，scientists will be able to tell when and where an earthquake wi
10、ll be before they happen They can also tell people what to do and how to do it 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1The reason for an earthquake is _ Athat there are so many plates on the earth Bthat the sea is too deep Crocks cracking open ( ) 2A lot of earthquakes often happens _ Ain the area Bnext to mountains Ca
11、t night ( ) 3A map showing the earthquake belts will tell people _ Awhat kind of houses to build Bwhat kind of houses can stay up in an earthquake Cwhere earthquake may happen ( ) 4Which is Not True according to the passage? ADuring an earthquake people are killed or hurt BThe scientists can tell wh
12、en and where an earthquake is now Cwe should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes ( ) 5In the future，well be no longer so afraid of earthquakes _ Awith the help of scientists exact prediction Bbecause of a map showing the “earthquake belts“ Cbecause we can guess the date and place of ear
13、thquakes 答案： 1 A 根据文章第一段中“ When some plates of the earth move suddenly，an earthquake happens“可知，地球是由许多板块构成的，板块的移动产生了地震，所以根 源在板块。 2B 根据短文第一段内容可知，地震常发生在山脉附近。 3C 根据短文第三段内容可知，地图将告诉我们地震带常发生地震。 4B 根据短文最后一段内容可知，专家预测将来能判定地震发生的时间和地点，而不 是现在。 5A 根据短文最后一段内容可以推测出专家能预测地震发生的时间和地点，所以我们 不必担心将来发生地震。 二 Have you ever s
14、een a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a small glass house Greenhouses are used to grow plants ，especially in winter Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun，the glass panels(板) of the greenhouse let light in， but keep heat from escaping This causes the greenhouse to heat up，much like th
15、e inside of the parked in sunlight， and keeps the plants warm enough to live in winter The earths atmosphere(大 气 ) is all around us It is the air that we breathe Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass panels in a greenhouse Sunlight enters the Earths atmosphere， passing throug
16、h the blanket of greenhouse gases As it reaches the Earths surface ，land ，water ，and biosphere(生 物圈 ) ，they take up the sunlights energyOnce the heat is taken up，this energy is sent back into the atmosphere Some of the energy passes back into space，but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by
17、 the greenhouse gases，causing our world to heat up The greenhouse effect is importantWithout the greenhouse effect， the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to liveBut if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger，it could make the earth warmer than usualEven a little extra warming may bring proble
18、ms to humans， plants ，and animals 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1What are greenhouses used for? _ 2Why is the temperature in the greenhouse higher than that outside? _ 3What behaves much like the glass panels in a greenhouse? _ 4If we didnt have the greenhouse effect，what would happen? _ 5What does the article mai
19、nly tell us? _ 答案： 1They are used for growing plants答案来自第二段的第一句。 2根据短文第二段中温室效应的工作原理可知，答案是 Because the glass panels of the greenhouse can let light in，and keep heat from escaping 3根据短文第三段的“ much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases ”可知，温室塑料板的作用像空中大气层的作用，即答案是 Greenhouse gase
20、s in the atmosphere 4根据最后一段内容可知，如果没有大气层的温室效应，人类就不能生存，即答案为 Humans couldnt live because the earth would not be warm enough 5根据全文内容可知，主要是温室效应及对人类的影响，所以答案为 It mainly tells us what the greenhouse effect is and its influence 三 No one can change the weatherBut if read the signs correctly around us， we can
21、know how the weather will beThis way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecastingFor many centuries and in all countries， people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecastingRings around the sun are a sign of coming rainMany peop
22、le feel in their bones the coming of wet weather Their joints(关节 ) acheSome birds fly high if the fine weather is coming， but they fly near ground if rainy or stormy weather is on the wayIt is probably because of the insects which they are hunting fly lowIf you see a rainbow during rainy weather ，th
23、is is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine Such rainbows come in the evening If the stars twinkle clearly at night ，then fine weather will continue If a fog appears in the evening just above a river，then the day will be warmIf the sunset is mostly red in color，then the morning ，rainy w
24、eather will probably come Most of the above sayings have been made by the people who have used their eyes and brains to make weather forecasting 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1Peoples joints ache _ Ais a sign of coming rain Bbecause they are ill Cwithout any reason Dbecause of the insects ( ) 2Which is true ab
25、out weather forecasting? AWeather forecasting is a report about the weather on the following day or two BWeather forecasting is a way of telling what the weather will be like CPeople can change the weather forecasting DWeather forecasting is a sign of coming rain ( ) 3The birds fly high and the star
26、s twinkle clearly is a sign that the weather will _ Abe rainy Bbe warm Ccontinue clear and fine Dbe cold ( ) 4A rainbow during rainy weather is a _ of the fine weather Asign Bway Cmethod Droad ( ) 5We must _ to make weather forecasting Ause our eyes and brains Bstudy the weather hard Cread the weath
27、er hard Dall of the above 答案： 1A 根据短文 Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather可 知，人们的一些关节疼痛是雨天来临的标志。 2B 根据短文内容可知，天气预报是对未来几天的预测；不是对天气的报道，也不是 雨天的标志，即排除 A、D；根据短文第一句可知“人们更不能改变天气”排除 C，所以答 案是 B。 3C 根据短文中 Some birds fly high if the fine weather is coming，和 If the stars twinkle clearly at n
28、ight，then fine weather will continue可知，鸟儿飞的 高和夜晚星光灿烂是天气晴朗、温度适宜的象征。 4A 根据短文中 If you see a rainbow during rainy weather ，this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine可知，雨后彩虹是天气晴朗的标志。 5D 从整篇文章来看，对天气的了解不仅靠人们的眼睛和大脑，还要继续多观察和研 究，所以选 D。 四 “Green“ is more than just a color It also means taking s
29、pecial steps to protect the environment the water，the land，and the air we breathe What can you do? Heres one of the guides to being green： Sometimes people call our society a “throwaway society“That means that were a little willing to throw away old things and buy new thingsMany times ，even if you n
30、o longer need something，someone else just mightFor example ，if your baby brother doesnt want his plastic basketball hoop(篮筐 ) ， why not give it to another family who has a little kid? Here are some other ways to reuse the things you have： Use rechargeable(可再充电的) batteries for your laptops，MP3 player
31、s ，cell phones，and digital cameras Choose reusable travel cups instead of disposable(一次性的 ) paper or plastic cups Take your own bags when you go to the grocery store Drink tap water instead of buying bottled water If you dont like how your tap water tastes，a low-cost filtration(过滤 ) system could mak
32、e a differenceGet a reusable water bottle so you can take it with you Organize an exchange among your friendsWhat can you exchange? Books，toys ， even clothes Its a way for everyone to get something new without spending any money and without throwing lots of things away 根据短文内容，完成句子。 1Green is not onl
33、y a color but also means _ 2If your brother doesnt want his plastic basketball hoop，you can _ 3You should _ instead of disposable paper or plastic cups 4You can exchange _ with your friends 5The article mainly tells us _ 答案： 1根据短文第一段内容可知，绿色不仅是一种颜色，还是环保的一种标志，即答案为 taking special steps to protect the e
34、nvironment。 2根据短文中“ if your baby brother doesnt want his plastic basketball hoop(篮 筐) ，why not give it to another family who has a little kid?”可知，不用的塑料筐 可以送给别的小孩子，即答案为 give if to another family who has a little kid。 3根据短文中第二条建议可知，我们可以用个人专用杯来代替一次性杯子或塑料杯， 即答案是 choose reusable travel cups。 4根据短文最后一段内容可
35、知，可交换的东西有 books ，toys ，and clothes。 5 通读全文可知， 这篇文章主要告诉我们，生活中如何环保， 所以答案是 how to protect our environment in our lives。 五 There are some easy things you can do to protect the environment and the earth Choose ideas from the list or come up with a few of your own Plant flowers， grass or trees Whenever yo
36、u visit a park or a beach， take away what you bring there and keep rubbish in a bag until you can put it into a dustbin Turn off the lights，TV sets when you leave a room This saves a lot of electricity Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth You can save some water by not letting it runAlso ，use
37、a glass or cup instead of a paper one because this saves paper Keep the doors and windows closed in winter to keep warm air in Give your old books and magazines to a library instead of throwing them away Give your clothes to poor children instead of throwing them away Use both sides of paper Stop po
38、uring dirty water into the rivers or lakes nearby Encourage all your friends to do the same things you do to help protect the earth If everyone makes contribution to protect the environment ，the world will become much more beautiful 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1From the above，we know that the passage is _ Aa
39、n ad Ba proposal(建议 ) Ca sign Da notice ( ) 2The writer mainly tells us _ Ato pour dirty water into the rivers Bto throw rubbish into a dustbin Cto save water by turning on the tap while brushing our teeth Dthat we cant do all these things every day ( ) 3We can _ to save paper Ause both sides of pap
40、er Bpick up waste paper at school Cuse a paper cup Dgive old toys to poor children ( ) 4Which of the following is WRONG according to the writer? ATurn off the lights when you leave a room BClose the doors and windows in winter CUse a paper cup when you brush your teeth DGive your old clothes to the
41、poor children ( ) 5The title of this passage is _ ASave Water and Electricity BProtect the Earth CMake Better Use of Old Things DSave Money 答案： 1B 根据短文内容可知这是一则倡议书。 2B 由“.you can put it into a dustbin”可知答案。 3A 由第八条建议可知答案是 use both sides of paper。 4C 由第四条建议 use a glass or cup instead of a paper one 可知
42、，答案是 C。 5B 根据短文大意可知是谈论保护地球。 六 How many plastic bags do you use every day? Is there any chance for us to live without them? What can we do to have less plastic pollution? A performance in Hangzhou makes people think more about the overuse of plastic bags in our lives In front of a supermarket in Hang
43、zhou，five volunteers wore white plastic bags and walked around and through the crowd The performance called on people to use more cloth bags instead of plastic ones Some of the plastic bags worn by the performers were collected from customers( 顾 客) in two food markets and the others were collected b
44、y 700 students from a secondary school On that day，when leaving the food markets， customers were told to hand over unnecessary plastic shopping bagsSeveral hundred plastic bags were collected in two hours “If we do nothing about it，the earth will be eaten up by white pollutionAnd humans will become
45、plastic men，“ said one of the performers “How can you breathe in so many plastic bags?“ A middle-aged woman asked one performer “How can the earth breathe if there are too many plastic bags?“ the performer answered Starting from June last year，plastic bags were no longer given for free in supermarke
46、ts ，shopping malls or food markets all over the country People are called on to use cloth bags when they go shopping 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1Since June last year people should _ plastic bags all over the country Apay for Bget Cuse as many as Dstop using ( ) 2A performance took place in _ Aa supermarket
47、Ba plastic bag shop CHangzhou Da school ( ) 3 Why did the performers wear white plastic bags and walk around? They wanted _ Ato ask people to overuse plastics Bto invite people to go to the supermarket Cto give people more bags Dto persuade people not to use plastic bags ( ) 4If we dont do something against the pollution，humans _ Awill be polluted Bwill become “plastic men“ Cwont be comfortable Dwill be plastic