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1、资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 初三英语总复习名词教案 语法梳理名词 知识概要 一、名词的分类 名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。具体可看表: 类别意义例词 专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组 织等名称的词 Lucy, China, the Great Wall, the Great Hall of the People 普通 名词 可数 名词 个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词dictionary, pencil, chair, window 集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词Family, police, class, group, team 不
2、可 数名 词 物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材 料的词 Rice, glass, water, porridge, paper, air, wood,wheat, steel 抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等 抽象概念的词 Knowledge, danger health, life, homework, interest, love 动动脑筋,观察一下: car cars ,student students , bookbooks designer designers airplaneairplanes water, bread, paper, tear, 教学 目标 掌握名词的用法和
3、特点 重点 难点 重点: 1、掌握名词分类和名词的“数”和“格”的概念; 掌握名词的单数变复数规则,尤其注意不规则名词变复数的形式。 难点:将名词放在活生生的语境中进行学习,排除汉语干扰是做好名词辨析题的关键。 考点分析: 1、名词的词义辨析 2 、可数名词和不可数名词的辨析是常考点 3 、名词 辨析的考查是中考的热点 教 学 步 骤 及 教 学 内 容 一、上课前说出要求,提出目标 二、 Free talk 引出本节课讲解的重点 三、讲解本节课的语法内容:名词的概念,分类,变化规律。 名词分类专有名词 普通名词可数名词 不可数名词 名词 名词的数可数名词的规则变化 不规则变化 不可数名词的数
4、 of所有格的构成和用法 名词所有格 s所有格的构成和用法 双重所有格 名词作主语 名词的句法功能名词作定语 名词作宾语 四、课堂练习。查看学生对该语法的掌握情况,如果有不理解或者不明 白的地方立刻解决。 五、课后作业:1、复习本节课的内容 2、完成相应的练习 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 二、可数名词的复数形式 1、名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词(Countable Noun )和不可数名词(Uncountable Noun) ,可数名词又有单数和复数两种形式。 练一练 :把下面的名词变成它的复数形式 season_form_plan_bus_watch_t
5、omato_ hobby_ city_ toy_ monkey_wife_ leaf_ man_woman_ sheep_mouse_foot_ (一)名词复数构成规律: 情况构成方法例词 一般情况+s cake grape month couple 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh等结尾的词+es watch box bus boss 辅音字母 +y 结尾的词改 y 为 i,+es beauty county baby lady factory 以 f 和 fe 结尾的词变 f(fe)为 ves leaf wife wolf knife life thief 以 o 结尾的词1、有生命体的 +e
6、s, 2、无生命体的 +s Negro hero potato tomato mango 黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆、番茄和芒果。 radio zoo piano photo (二)一些不规则变化特例: man men woman-women tooth-teeth foot-feet mouse-mice child-children deer-deer sheep-sheep ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese policeman-policemen(与 man和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women ) Englishman Englishm
7、en Frenchman Frenchmen (三)某国人变复数,记住以下的顺口溜: 中日不变,英法改变,其他加s ChineseChinese Japanese Japanese Englishman Englishmen Frenchman Frenchmen AmericanAmericans (例外: German-Germans) (German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans) (四)复合词的复数 : 改中心词为复数 girl student girl students 注意: man和 woman 等作定语时,它的单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定, 例如: woman t
8、eacher-women teachers man teacher -men teachers ( 五) 表示复数的名词(复合名词) police(警察 ) Public (公众) family (家人) people(人们) the + 姓 s 例:the Smiths 史密斯一家人 注意 : 有些集体名词如family,team,class,police等表示一个整体时 , 谓语动词应用单数 ; 表示各 成员时 , 谓语动词应该用复数形式 . 练一练: My family _(be) a big one. All my family _be) in China now. 资料收集于网络,如
9、有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 (六)数词 +名词作定语时 , 这个名词一般保留单数形式, 中间加连字符 . 例如 :ten-minute walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk ( 七) 看似复数实际是单数的名词: news 消息 Politics 政治 Maths 数学 Physics 物理 1. No news _ good news. (be) 2. I think maths _ very important. ( 八) 既可作可数又可作不可数的名词: chicken 小鸡 / 鸡肉 room 房间 / 空间;位置 work 作品/
10、工作 paper 论文; 报纸/ 纸 glass 玻璃杯 / 玻璃 time 次;倍 / 时间 wood 树林 / 木头 fish 鱼 / 鱼肉 exercise 练习 / 运动;锻炼 light 灯 / 光 fruit (各种) 水果 / 水果 ( 九) 常用不可数名词bread; meat; rice; food; water; tea; milk; coffee; juice; paper; Grass; news; advice; music; information; sugar; chocolate; jam; Hair; ice; rain; snow; sun; wind; w
11、ork; help; love; hope; weather; ( 十) 不可数名词 “量“的表示方法 . many a few 修饰可数名词 a number of much 修饰不可数名词 a little some / a lot of 修饰可数不可数名词 不可数名词不能与数词连用, 若要表示相应的数量,则需要借助一定的单位词 1、借助表示“张”、 “块”的单位词 2、 a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of music a piece of information a piece of advice 一条建议 a piece of news 一条新闻 a pie
12、ce of chalk 一支粉笔 2. 借助表示容量的词 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 a cup of tea 一杯茶 a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a glass of beer 一杯啤酒 3. 借助表示重量的词 a kilo of salt 一公斤盐 ten tons of coal 十吨煤 4. 借助表示形状的词 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 a drop of water 一滴水 a grain of sand 一粒沙 a cup of tea two cups of tea a piece of paper three pieces
13、of paper 三. 名词所有格 用来表示人或物的所有 ,以及领属关系。 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s其复数形式是 s,如其结尾不是 s的复数形式仍加 s,如:a students room, students rooms, Childrens Day. 在表示时间、 距离、世界、国家 名词的所有格要用 s,如:a twenty minutes walk. 但无生命名词的所有格则必须 用 of 结构,如:the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers 。 分类构成方法 例子 表示有生命的名 词的所有 格 (1)在单数名词
14、后加 +s。 The teachers office (2) (3)以 s 结尾的复数名词 后只加 。 The teachers office Boys game (4)不以 s 结尾的复数名 词后要加 s。 The Childrens Palace The People of Republic of China 如某一物体属于两个或者两个以上名词 所共有,只需在后一个并列名词词尾加s;如果 不是,则需在各个并列名词后面分别 加上s。 John and Marys house is big. ( 房子属于他们两人共有) Johns and Marys houses are big (房子属于他
15、们分别拥有) 表示无生命的名 词所有格 一般用“ of+名词”表示The doors of our classroom The capital of China 双重所有格 of+ones 或 of+名词性物主代词 An old friend of his; A friend of my brothers 四、名词的用法 1、作主语English is useful. 英语很有用。 2、作定语:名词作定语,一般用单数形式 paper tiger 纸老虎work place 工作的地方 3、作宾语She learns English hard every day. 她天天努力学英语。 4、做表语
16、Tom is my good friend. 汤姆是我的好朋友。 5、作宾语补足语They chose the boy monitor. 他们选那个男孩当班长。 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 练一练:把下面的名词变成它的复数形式 season_form_plan_bus_watch_tomato_ hobby_ city_ toy_ monkey_wife_ leaf_ man_woman_ sheep_mouse_foot_ 选择: 1. Some of the foreign friends are_,the others are_. A.Japanese;Ger
17、mans B.Japanese;Germen C.Japaneses;Germans 2.Three_are eating the grass at the foot of the mountain. A .sheeps B. sheep C .sheepes D. ships 3._teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _teachers. A.A number of;women B.A number of; woman C.The number of; women 4.We can see two_
18、in the picture. A .apple tree B.apples trees C. apple trees D. apples tree 5.Good news.We will have a _holiday, I have heard of it, But its coming in_ A.three days;three days B.three days;three days C.three-day;three days 6.A computer is one of the greatest_in this century. A、inventor B. inventions
19、C. invention 7._went to Japan yesterday. A.The Whites B.The Whites C.The White 8、Mr Black gave us _on how to learn English well. A.an advice B.many advices C.some advice D.some advices 填空: 1.My family _(be) a big one. All my family _be) in China now. 2.No news _ good news. (be) 3. I think maths _ ve
20、ry important. 选择: 1.The young woman is _English teacher. A Marys and Lily B. Marys and Lilys C.Mary and Lilys 2.Her uncle feels happy because he heard from_ A. a old friend of him B. an old friend of his C.an old friend of him 3、With whom did you watch 2010 World Cup Opening Ceremony ? _. A. A frien
21、d of mine B. A friend of me C. A friend of my sister 4. September 10th is _Day. A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers 5. June 1st is_. A. Childrens day B. childrens Day C .Childrens Day D. 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 综合大练习 一、单选题 1. Lucy and Lily_in the same class. A. am B. is C. are D. be 2. Wh
22、ich is the _to the bus stop, please? A road B way C street D address 3. Hurry up!There is_ time left. A little B a little C few D a few 4. How many _can you see in the picture? A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 5. - _is the meat. Please? - Ten yuan a kilo. A How much B How many C How old D
23、How long 6 The boys name is James Allen Green. So his given name is_. A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green 7 Shanghai is one of the biggest_in our country. A city B citys C citys D cities 8 Would you please pass me_? A two paper B two papers C two pieces of paper D two pieces of pap
24、ers 9 Tony is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B.mother of Marys C. Mary mothers 10 I only have_ bread for lunch today. A a bit B a bit of C little D few 11 “What would you like, Ann? “Id like two_.“ A glass of milk B glasses of milk C glass of milks D glasses of milks 12 There isnt _ paper in the box
25、. Will you go and get _ for me? A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any 13. Is this your room?No, Its_room A. the children B. the childrens C . the childrens 14 These foreign friends are_. A German B Germen C Germany D Germans 15 All the students are busy, so_ of them will go to the cinema.
26、A many B little C a few D few 16 There are three_and seven_in the picture. A deers, sheeps B deers, sheep C deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps 17 Whose room is this? Its_. A my B Kikes and Johns C our D Kike and Johns 二、改错题 1、Please give me a paper. 2、My glasses is broken. 3、I want to buy two shoes. 4、May I borrow two radioes? 5、There are much people in the garden. 6、I want a few water. 7、Dont eat too much meats. 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 8、We have five German in this meeting. 9、We have many woman teachers in our school. 10、Physics are very difficult to learn.