新版初一英语语法知识点总结复习(超详细).pdf

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1、资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 课时一教学任务 一、重点语法 1. 动词 be(am,is,are )的用法: be 动词包括“ am” , “ is” , “ are”三种形式。 第一人称单数 (I)配合 am 来用。句型解析析: I am+ 第二人称 (You)配合 are 使用。句型解析: You are+ 第三人称单数 (He or She or It) 配合 is 使用。句型解析: She(He, It) is + 人称复数(we /you/they) 配合 are 使用。句型解析:We (You, They) are + 例句We are in Class

2、5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students. 用法口诀 : 我(I)用 am, 你(you)用 are,is 跟着他 (he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用 is,复 数名词全用 are。变否定,更容易, be 后 not 加上去。变疑问,往前提,句末问 号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。 1.用括号中适当的词填空。 1. I _(am, are, is) from Australia. 2. She _ (am, are, is) a student. 3. Jane and Tom _(am, is, are) m

3、y friends. 4. My parents _ (am, is, are) very busy every day. 5. _ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York? 6. _ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news? 7. There _ (be) some glasses on it. 8. If he _ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us. 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流

4、 2.用 be 动词的适当形式填空 1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ thi

5、s? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. G

6、ao shans shirt _ over there. 第二课时( 1)英语人称代词和物主代词 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 一、人称代词 表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词,叫做人称代词。人 称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表: 人称 单数复数 主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it 人称代词主格:作主语,表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。 I am a teacher. You are student. He

7、is a student, too. We/You/They are students. 人称代词宾格作宾语,表示动作行为的对象。 Give it to me. Let s go (let s =let us) 二、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分 形容词性物主代词 和名词性物主代词 二种,其人称和数的变化见下表。 数 人称 类别 单数复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二人称 第三 人称 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 形容词性物主 代词 my your his her its our your their

8、名词性物主代词mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的 他(她、它) 们的 形容词性物主代词 (my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词 而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词 。如: Is this your book? No,,it isn t, it s hers(her book) This pen is mine. 代词练习(一) 一、选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾。 1. This is(my / I)mother. 2. Nice to mee

9、t (your / you). 3. (He / His)name is Mark. 4. What s(she / her)name? 5. Excuse (me / my / I). 6. Are(your / you)Miss Li? 7. (I/ My)am Ben. 8. (She / Her)is my sister. 9. Fine , thank (your / you). 10. How old is (he / his) 二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。 1. These are _ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _( she ) sister. 3

10、. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister. 4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 5. Now _(her parent) are in America. 6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) father s students. 7. Do you know _ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping _( I ). 10. _(Ann 安)mother is

11、 _(we) teacher. 三、单项选择。 ()1. My family _ a big family. My family _all here. A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is ()2. This is _. A. a picture of family B. a picture of my family C. a family s picture D. a family of my picture ()3. Let s _ good friends. A. be B. are C. is D. am ()4. Is she you

12、r aunt? Yes, _. A. she s B. her is C. she is D. he is ()5. Are _ coats yours? Yes, they are . A. they B. these C. this D. there ()6. Is that _ uncle? No, it isn t A. he B. she C. her D. hers ()7. Mrs. Green is _ grandmother. 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 A. Jim and Kate B. Jim and Kate s C. Jim s and

13、Kate s D. Jim an d Kates ()8. Do you know the name _Mr. Green s son? A. in B. of C. on D. or ()9. _ the great photo of your family. A. thank for B. Thanks for C. Thank for D. thanks for ()10. Are those your friends? _. A. Yes, they re B. No, they are C. Yes, they are D. Yes, thos e are 代词练习(二) 一、用适当

14、的代词填空 1We like _ (he, his , him) very much. 2Is this guitar _ (you, your, yours)? 3_(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li. 4Father bought a desk for _ (I, my, me, mine). 5_ (It, Its, Its) is very cold today. 6Is this your book, Mike? Yes ,_(we, you, they )are. 7Are you and Tom classmates? Yes, _(we, you ,t

15、hey )are. 8Each of the students _( have, has) a pen pal. 9He has a dog. I want to have _(it, one ),too. 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 10Her parents are _ (both, all ,either )teachers. 11 The text is easy for you .There are _( few, a few ,little, a little) new words in it . 12I want _( some, any) banan

16、as. Give me these big _(o ne, ones). 二、选择正确的答案 1Is this _ book? Ayou BI Cshe Dyour 2Its a bird. _ name is Polly. AIts BIts CHis DIt 3Whats that ?_ a jeep. Aits BIts CIts Dits 4Whats that in English? _. AIts egg BThats egg CIts a egg DIts an egg 5Whose cat is this ? Is it yours? Is it a white _? Acat

17、s Bone Cones Dcats 6Please give the book to _. AI Bme Cmy Dmine 7_skirt is yours? AWhose BWhere CHow DWhich 8_ is this pen ? Its Wang Fangs. AWhos BWhose CWhere DWhich 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 课时二( 2)简单句 一 陈述句 陈述句的否定结构: 陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达: (1)句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时,其否 定结构为: 主语+谓语动词 /助动

18、词 /情态动词 + not + 其他成分 I am not a teacher. 我不是老师。 We have not (havent) any books on animals. 我们没有任何有关动物方面的 书。 The children are not (arent) playing in the playground. 孩子们没在操场上玩。 He will not (wont) come. 他不会来。 We must not (mustnt) forget the past. 我们不能忘记过去。 It could not (couldnt) be lost. 它不可能丢的。 (2) 当句

19、子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词 ),而且没有助动词或情态动词时, 其否定结构为:主语 +do (does,did) + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分 You do not (dont) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这里。 9Kate and Mike do _ homework in the evening. Aones Bhis Cher Dtheir 10There isnt _ water in the bottle. Aany Bsome Cno Da 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 He does not (doesnt)

20、 teach this class . 他不教这个班。 They did not(didnt) watch TV last night . 昨晚他们没看电视。 注意:陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时,用升调,在书面上要 用问号来表示。 You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港吗? 这句话表示的是一种疑问,只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的 二 疑问句 疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子,句末用问号“?” 。常考的疑问句有四类,即: 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。 第一节 一般疑问句 一般疑问句通常需要用yes 或 n

21、o 来回答 ,所以又叫做“是非疑问句”。在读 这种句子时 要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型: 1、 “ be + 主语 + 表语”结构 Are you sleepy ? 你困了吗? Yes, I am . 是的,我困了。 3、 “情态动词+ 主语言 + 行为动词(或 be) ”结构 May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用这部电话吗? Yes, you can. 是 的,可以。 5、 “助动词( do, does, did )+ 主语 + 行为动词”结构 Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜欢夏天游泳吗? No, I dont .

22、不,我不喜欢。 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 难点提示 回答否定性一般疑问句时,要在Yes 后面用肯定结构,表示肯定;在No 后面 用否定结构, 表示否定。 注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时 候,只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例 句的回答和它的意思。 Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥吗? Yes, he is . 不,他是(我的哥哥)。No, he is not. 是的,他不是(我的哥哥)。 Isnt she very clever? 她难道不是很聪明吗? Yes, she i

23、s. 不,她很聪明。 No, she is not . 是,她不聪明。 第二节 特殊疑问句 一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句,要求听到问题的人针对特定情 况来做具体的回答, 不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用Yes 或 No 来回答 ,特殊 疑问句要用降调来读。 二、特殊疑问句的结构: 特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句 Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业? What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么? What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业? W

24、hen do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业? 三、注意: 对人提问时 who“谁” 对所属(谁的)提问用whose “谁的” 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 对哪一个提问用 which“哪一个” 对时间提问用 when “什么时候”或 what time “几点” 对物体提问用 what“什么” 对地点提问用 where “哪里” 对原因提问用 why“为什么” 对方式提问用 how“怎么样” 对数量提问用 how many “多少”(用于可数名词复数)或how much “多少”(用于 不可数名词) 四、难点提示 1、以 w

25、hy 开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。 Why dont you have a try? 你为什么不试试呢? 2、 特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式,在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。 I dont want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那儿,你呢? But what else? 可是还有什么呢? 把下列句子变成否定句: 1. I am listening to music. _ 2. Mike is a student. _ 3Sarah can clean the classroom. _ 4. They are in the zoo. _ 5

26、. There are some flowers in the vase._ 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 6. This is my sister. _ 7. We are sweeping the floor._ 8. We need some masks. _ 9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house. _ 11. I put a book on my head. _ 12. They sing “ In the classroom ”together

27、. _ 13. We play basketball on Sundays. _ 14. Tom likes listening to music _ 肯定句改一般疑问句的方法三步法 1. 有 be 动词/情态动词: be 动词/情态动词提到句首,其余照抄,(some 改成 any,my 改成 your)句末用问号。 2. 无 be 动词/情态动词,在句首加Do/Does/Did ,其余照抄, (some 改成 any, my 改成 your )句末用问号。 3. 加 Does、did 的句子注意, 句子动词要变成原型。例如: 陈述句 : They are in the park. He ca

28、n play the guitar 一般疑问句 : Are they in the park? Can he play the guitar? 陈述句 : I like the ducks. He likes the dogs. 一般疑问句:Do 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 you like the ducks? Does he like the dogs? 把下列句子变成一般疑问句 1. I am listening to music. _ 2. Mike is a student. _ 3. Sarah can clean the classroom._ 4.

29、They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the vase._ 6. This is my sister. _ 7. We are sweeping the floor._ 8. We need some masks. _ 9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house. _ 11. I put a book on my head. _ 12. They sing “ In the classroom ”together. _

30、13. We play basketball on Sundays. _ 14. Tom likes listening to music 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 _ 关于特殊疑问词 1、根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词, 后面写原句变成的一般疑问句,句末问号。 2、how many 后必须先写物品,再写一般疑问句等。 1、A: _ is the boy in blue? B:He s Mike. 2、A: _ pen is it? B:It s mine. 3、A: _ is the diary? B:It s under the chair. 4、A: _ is

31、 the Chirstmas Day? B: It s on the 25th of December. 5、A: _ are the earphones? B:They are 25 yuan. 6、A: _ is the cup? B:It s blue. 7、A: _ is it today? B:It s Sunday. 8、A: _ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October. 9、A: _ this red one? B:It s beautiful. 12. A:_ is your cousin? B: He s 15 year

32、s old. 13、A:_ do you have dinner? B: At 6 o clock 综合练习 The children have a good time in the park. 否定句: _ 一般疑问句: _ 1. There is only one problem. 否定句: _ 一般疑问句: _ 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 肯定/否定回答: _ 7.She has some bread for lunch today. 否定句: _ 一般疑问句: _ 肯定/否定回答: _ . 句型转换题 1. The girl is singing in th

33、e classroom.( 改为否定句)改为一般疑问句 5. I can speak English.( 改为一般疑问句) 6. I am writing now.( 同上) 7. I have a desk and a chair.(用 He 做主语改写句子) 8. She is buying some food in the supermarket.(改为否定句) 10. Does she like growing flowers? (给予否定回答) 课时三英语名词单数变复数的规则 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化:结尾是清辅音读s,结尾是浊辅音或元音

34、读z。 例:friend friends; cat cats; style styles; sport sports; piece pieces 二、凡是以 s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。 读音变化:统一加读 iz。 例:bus buses; quiz quizzes; fox foxes; match matches; flash flashes 三、以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词,将 y 改变为 i,再加 -es。 读音变化:加读 z。 例:candy candies; daisy daisies; fairy fairies; lady ladies

35、; story stories 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 四、以 -o 结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加 -s 构成复数。 读音变化:加读 z。 例:tomato tomatoes; potato potatoes; torpedo torpedoes; bingo bingoes 反例: silo silos; piano pianos (外来词) ; photo photos; 五、以 -f 或-fe 结尾的名词,多为将 -f 或-fe 改变为 -ves,但有例外。 读音变化:尾音 f改读vz。 例:knife knives; life l

36、ives; leaf leaves; staff staves; scarf scarves 反例: roof roofs 六、部分单词的复数形式不变。 读音变化:保持原音。 例:fish fish; sheep sheep; cattle cattle; deer deer; 七、极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。 读音变化:没有规律。 例:man men; woman women; child children; person people; ox oxen 八、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词 例: foot feet; man men mouse mice; tooth te

37、eth; woman women 九、有些名词是单数、复数不分的 例:deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼 十、一些名词虽分单数、复数,但出现次数多的总是单数词 例: abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具 ; machinery机械 ; news; scenery 风景; sugar; traffic 交通 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 十一、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 例:bellows 风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; sc

38、issors 剪刀; spectacles 眼镜; shears 大剪刀 trousers 长裤; wages 工资 十二、若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 例:pair(对,双 ); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 十三、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思, 例:goods 货物, waters 水域, fishes(各种)鱼 十四、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 例:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 以O结 尾 的 词 , 许 多 加es构

39、 成 复 数 , 特 别 是 一 些 常 用 词 如 : heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mos quitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes 但下面几类词只加s:1.以“元音 +o”或“oo”结尾的词 如:videos,radios,studios,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos, 2.一些外来词,特别是音乐方面的词,如:pianos, 3.一些缩写词和专有名词,如:kilos,photos, 写出下列名词复数 leaf_ puppy

40、_ box_ knife_ fly_ fox_ bus_ bench_ brush_ kiss_ church_ dish_ ruler_ peach_ glass_ pencil_ boy_ zoo_ man_ roof_ sheep_ knife_ lady_ key_ 资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 只供学习与交流 story_ watch_ bamboo_ city_ family_ day_ apple_ eraser_ speech_ thief_ mouse_ fish_ goose_ people _ ox_ Chinese _ deer _ foot_ child_

41、tooth_ guy_ hero_ spy_ boss_ monkey_ city _ goat _ radio _ horse _ dog _ 用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空: 1There are so many_(wolf)in the forest. 2There are three _(chair) in the classroom. 3These _(tomato) are red. 4_(hero) are great. 5My brother looks after two _(baby) 6There are some _(deer) eating the grass. 7My father likes to eat _(potato). 8Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles. 9I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom. 10I help my mother wash _(dish) in

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