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1、精品文档 . 八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳 M1 重要语法：感官性系统词：feel(摸起来 )、 look( 看起来 ) 、 smell( 闻起来 )、 taste(尝 起来 ) sound( 听起来 ),后接形容词作表语，不能接副词。构成疑问句或否定句 要借助助动词。 The silk dress feels soft. The flowers look very beautiful. Does it smell nice? The song doesn t sound be noisy. 2. What a delicious smell! 多么香啊！ 感叹句结构： What+ a/an+
2、 形容词 + 单数可数名词 +（主语 + 谓语） ！ What an interesting book it is! What+ 形容词 + 不可数名词 /复数名词 + （主语 +谓语） ！ What bad weather it is today! What good students they are! How + 形容词 / 副词+ 主语+谓语！ How fast he is running! How delicious it smells! How I miss the days we spent together! 我多么怀念我们一起度过的日子！ 3.I m afraid+句子:恐怕
3、 I m afraid he has no time today. 4. be done 做好了 Is your homework d one?你的作业做好了吗？ Dinner is done!晚饭做好了！ 5. have a try 试一试；尝一尝 6.have a sweet tooth 喜好甜食 7.thanks for=thank you for+名词/ 动词-ing。因 而感谢你。 Thanks for your help.=Thanks for helping me . Thank you for inviting me to your party. 8. hear from =g
4、et /receive aletter from收到 的来信 9.can t wait to do sth.迫不及待去做某事I can t wait to see you. 10.人+ spend+ 时间（in）doing sth.。=It takes + 人+时间+to do sth. 某人花费多 少时间做某事 He spent two days (in) reading the novel.=It took him two days to read the novel. 11.too 也（置于句末，前加逗号）also 也(置于居中 be 或情态动词之后 ) as well 也（置于句末，前
5、不加逗号） 12.be proud of以 为豪My parents are proud of me. 13. How do you feel about+ 名词/ 动词-ing？=What d o you think of+名词/ 动词 -ing？你觉得 怎么样？ How do you feel about the film?=What d o you think of the film? How do you feel about coming to China?=What d o you think of coming to China? 14. be afraid of+ 名词/ 动词
6、-ing：害怕 . I am afaid of dog/going out at night. be afraid of doing sth.=be afraid to d o sth. 害怕做某事 对名词或名词短语感叹用what 对形容词、 副词或动词感叹用how 精品文档 . She is afraid of sleeping alone at night.= She is afraid to sleep alone at night. 15. What does sb. l ook like?某人长得怎么样（问外表） 答：short/tall/young/pretty What is s
7、b like?某人性格怎么样？（问性格或品质） 答：quiet/nice/strict/kind -What does your English teacher look like? -He is tall with pair of glasses. -What is your English teacher like? -He is strict but friendly. M2 重要语法： 现在完成时（一）：描述过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历或体验，对现 在造成的影响。 结构： have/has + 动词过去分词 (否定) haven t/hasn t +动词过去分词 含义：已经 /
8、曾经做过 还没有做过 标志词： already、ever、never、yet、just 等。 I have seen the movie.我已经看过这部电影。 （我现在了解该电影了。 ） He has already finished his homework. 他已经完成了作业。 （他可以交作业了） We haven t had dinner yet. 我们还没有吃晚饭。（我们现在饿） Have you ever entered a speaking competition? 你曾经参加过演讲比赛吗？（变 一般疑问句把 have/has 提到句首）Yes, I have./No, I hav
9、ent. 2.enter a competition=take part in a competition参加竞赛 3.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事He often helps me learn English. 4. afford sth.买得起某物I can t afford the new bike. afford to do sth. 付得起钱去做某事=have enough money to buy sth. She can t afford to go to school.她没钱去上学。 5. stop to do sth.=stop and then d
10、 o sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 I m tired. Let s stop to have a rest.我累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧！ It s time for class now. Let s stop talking.上课时间到了！让我们不要讲话了！ 6. make up 编写make up a story 编故事make it/them up ( 代词要放中间 ) 7.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 8. fifteen-year-ol d 十五岁的（复合形容词中的名词不能加s ,作定语） fifteen years
11、 old 十五岁（短语，不能作定语，常作表语） He is fifteen years old.=He is a fifteen-year-ol d boy. 9.at the moment =now此刻（常用于现在进行时中） 10. have/has been to+ 某地：曾经去过某地（人已经回来，常与次数连用） have/has gone to + 某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能与次数连用 ） have/has been in + 某地：在某地呆 / 逗留（常与 for + 时间段连用） I have been to Hong Kong twice. He isn t here now.
12、 He has gone to the USA. We have been in China for 20 years. 11. be different from与 不同 12.find it + 形容词 + to d o sth. 发现做某事是 .的（it 是形式宾语，无义，替代 后面不定式） I find it easy to learn maths. 我发现学数学很容易。 Tony finds it hard to speak Chinese. 托尼发现说汉语很难。 精品文档 . 13. so far 到目前为止（常用于现在完成时）So far I have l earnt 3 ，00
13、0 English words. 14. all over the world=around the world 全世界 15.count down 倒数 M3 1. already 已经（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中或句末）I have already known him yet 尚，还（常用于现在完成时否定句或疑问句句末）Has it arrived yet ？ just 刚刚（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中）They have just arrived. 2. What are your up to?=What are you d oing?你在忙什么？ 3.I m not sure how
14、to make it .= I m not sure how I can make it. 4. That s why .那就是 的原因了。 5. in order to+ 动词原形：为了 He works so hard in ord er to get the best score. so that+ 句子=in ord er that+ 句子：为了 He works so hard so that (in ord er that) he can get the best score. 6. there is(现在完成时形式 )there has been 已经有 / 存在 there a
15、re(现在完成时形式 )there have been 已经有 / 存在 There have been many buildings in our village since 15 years ago. 7.go around 围绕 转 8. none of +名词复数 / 宾格+动词（单 / 复形） ： 没有一个（既指人也指物） no one +动词（单） =nobody （仅指人，不与 of 连用，常用于 who 提出的问 题） None of the students know(s) the anwer. 没有一个学生知道答案。 -How many people are there i
16、n the room? None.一个也没有（强调数量） No one knows the answer. Who s in the classroom?- No one.没有人（强调有没 有人） 9. be called被称为 10.a small part of .的一小部分 municate with与 联系12.finish doing sth.完成做某事 13.write back 回信 M4 重要语法： 1.现在完成时（二）：描述一个动作或状态从过去持续到现在乃至将来有多长时 间。常与 “for+ 时间段 /since+ 时间点 ” 、so far、recently（最近） 、 i
17、n the last 10 years（最近十年）等表示持续的时间连用，也用于how long 问句中。 I have learnt English for 6 years. He has lived here since he was born. China has changed a lot in the last 30 years. How long have you learnt English? 特别注意： 在现在完成时 （二）中，与 “for+ 时间段 /since+ 时间点 ” 或 how long 问句中，动词必须为可 延续性动词（learn, stay, live ） ， 不
18、能为 短暂性动词 (buy, borrow, die ),若为短暂性动词则要转换成延续性动词或短语。如：buy have borrow-keep/have leave-be away die-be dead come/go/reach be in join the party- be in the party 错误： I have bought the bike for 3 days.(buy 为短暂性动词，不能与for + 时间 精品文档 . 段连用 ) 正确： I have had/kept the bike for 3 days.(将 buy 改为延续性动 词 have 2. （问） -
19、 How long? 多久 ? （答） -For + 时间段 /since+ 时间点。 How long have you been like this? 你这样多久了？ I have been ill for about three days. 我生病大约三天了。 3.catch a cold 感冒have a fever 发烧take one s temperature测量某人的体 温 do exercise 锻炼fast food 快餐not usually 不经常three times a day 一天三次 4. be harmful to 对 有害Playing computer g
20、ames is harmful to your eyes. 5. by doing 通过做 . decide（not） to do sth. 决心（不）做某事in excellent /bad condition 身体状况良好 / 差ride to work=go to work by bike 骑车上 班 arrive at/in=get to = reach到达with a smil e on one s face 面带笑脸 go for a run 去跑步feel awful 感到不适all over 浑身；遍及 6. too to 太 而不能 The boy is too young
21、to go to school. 7.choose sb. to d o sth.选择某人去干某事on the way 在路上 M5 1.It s time to (动词)do sth.=It s time for（名词） sth.该做某事的时候了。 It s time to have class.=It s time for class. play games.= games. eat dinner.= dinner 2.fight （fought foutht ）sb.打某人 fight with sb. 与某人打架fight for为 而战 3. fly through 飞越climb
22、up 爬上 4. I want to be someone like him. 我想成为想他那样的人。 5. keep doing something 不断做某事keep sb. d oing sth.让某人一直做某事 keep sb from doing sth. =stop sb. from d oing sth. 阻止某人做某事 Keep trying, and you ll succeed（成功） . 不断尝试，你就会成功！ 6. can t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 She couldn t help crying when she heard the news
23、. I can t help missing you when I see the photos. The little boy can t help dancing with the rock music. 7.over=more than超过 8.win the heart of sb. 赢得某人的心 The boy won the heart of the beautiful girl. 9.make a terribl e mess 弄得一团糟 10.expect to do sth. 期待做某事I expect to see you soon. 11.ever since + 句子(
24、一般过去时 )常用于现在完成时） We have known each other ever since we were young. 12. in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代 in 1980 在 1980 年（没有 the 和 s） 13.find real life hard to und erstand=find it hard to und erstand real hard 发现现实生活难以理解 find + 宾格+ 形容词 + to do =f ind it + 形容词 +to do+宾格：发现做 是 的 精品文档 . 14. as well as=with/and a
25、lso和；以及；也；像 一样好 He can speak English as well as French.他会说英语，也会说法语。 Tony as well as his parents lives in China now.托尼和他的父母现在住在国。 （动词要根据就远原则，与as well as 前的主语人称和数一致） I can speak English as well as him.我的英语说得想他一样好。 e to life 复活/ 恢复生气 16.be popular with sb. 收到某人的欢迎 17.几种时态区别 : 时态概念谓语动词形式时间 标志词 一般现在时：经常发
26、生或习惯性地动作动词原形 / 三单often usually sometimes every day/week 一般过去式： 过去发生的动作或状态动词过去式yesterday ago just now ,last week/year 现在完成时： 已经或曾经干过某事，对现在的影响have/has+ 过去分词 already yet just never . 过去发生的动作持续到现在或将来有多久。 for+ 时间段、 since+时间点， so far, rencently M6 1. take up 占据（空间 / 时间） The desk took up too much room. Pla
27、ying computer games has taken up most of his time. 从事He took up art at school. 他在学校教美术。 2. find somewhere to sit d own 找地方坐下 3. a bit of + 不可数名词 = a little of a bit of food/orange juice a bit of a mess 有点乱 a bit + 形容词 / 副词= a little a bit tired/hungry 区别： not a bit:一点也不not a little: 很/ 非常 4. must 一定
28、（表推测）It must be really valuabl e. 他一定很值钱。 5. as+(形容词 / 副词)原级+as: 像 一样 He is as tall as his brother. 否定： not as as 不如 Tom is not as tall as his brother. 6. in one s life在（某人）一生中 7. make sb./sth. + 动词原形 ：使某人 / 某物做某事 Don t make me laugh. The boss made the worker work for a long time. 类似： let sb./sth. +
29、 动词原形：让某人 / 某物做某事 8. grow as a person 长大成人 9. some others一些 另外一些 10. develop one s interest 培养某人的兴趣 精品文档 . 11. as well as=besides 除了 之外，还包括 . As well as Tom, his parents came to the party. 汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚 会。 12. encourage sb. to d o sth.鼓励某人做某事 13. come out 出版；外出； 14. as a result 结果as a result of.由于
30、 .=because of He didn t work hard, as a result, he didn t pass the exam. 15. be interested in+ 名词/ 动词-ing: 对 感兴趣 I am very interested in maths. Are you interested in dancing? 16. sb. spend+时间+doing sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事。 = It takes sb.+ 时间+ to do sth. He usually spends lots of time playing computer games
31、. =It usually takes him l ots of time to play computer games. M7 1. prepare for为 做准备 = get ready for 2. make a list of列 的清单 3. get ready把 准备好 4.It sounds crazy. 这听起来很荒唐。 5. I don t know what to take.（简单句 = I don t know what I should take.（复合句） 6. at the end of 在 的尽头 /结尾 7. Is 200 dollars enough?（金钱、
32、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数） 50 years is long time. 100 metres is a short distance. 8. had better + 动词原形：最好做某事You had better stay home at night. 否定：had better not + 动词原形：最好不要做某事： You d better not go o ut now. 9. by the way 顺便说一下go crazy 变疯in a group of 20 二十人一组 10. offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物 He of
33、fered the poor lots of food and water. offer to do sth. 自愿去做某事 They offered to help me. 11. learn about 了解at the same time 同时 be well trained 受过良好培训depend on 依赖；取决于 14. provide sb. sth.提供某人某物 = provid e sb. with sth./provid e sth. for sb. 15. set tests安排考试form close friendships with 与 结成亲密的友谊 stay i
34、n touch wit h和 保持联系take trips to到 去旅行 at least 至少fill out 填写 M8 1. 重要语法：宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子。 本模块重点：由 that 引导的宾语从句， that 无义，可省 , 后接陈述句作宾语。 宾语从句复合句 =主句 + 引导词 + 宾语从句 。 I can hardly believe (that) we re in the city centre . Tony guesses that the park is very popular. Lingling suggests that they spend the
35、day there. 精品文档 . Lingling doesn t think the park will be busy. 主句和从句的时态关系： 主句：一般现在时从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态 She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. （从句为一般现在时） She says (that) she will leave a message on his d esk. （从句为一般将来时） My grandparents often tell me they lived a hard life in the past.（从句为一般过去
36、时） Xiaoming says he has already finished his homework. （从句为现在完成时） 主句：一般过去时从句：一般过去时 / 过去时的某种时态 He said (that) there were no classes yesterday afternoon. （从句用一般过去时） He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. （从句用过去将来时） Our teacher told us he had taught here for 20 years. （从句用过去完成时） 特殊情况：从句描
37、述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改 变而改变的事实时，不管主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快 ) The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun. （客观事实） She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years ol der than her. （客观事实） My father told us(that) nothing is difficult if we
38、put our hearts into it.（客观真理） 注意：当主句的谓语动词是think 或 believe，宾语从句要表达否定时， 要把从句 的否定 转移到主句 上。 I dont think he is going to help you with your English. We don t believe that we have won the basketball match. 2. hardly 几乎不 = almost not He can hardly believe the result, can he?（前否后肯） 3. so that 如此 以至于 The lit
39、tle boy is so young that he can t go to school. =The little boy is too young to go to school. = The little boy is not old enough to go to school. so that 以便；为了 =in ord er thar He got up early so that he could catch up the early bus. 4. hear sb./sth.+ 动词原形：听见某人 / 某物（经常 / 过去）做 . hear sb./sth.+ 动词-ing:
40、 听见某人 / 某物正在做 . I often hear her play the piano in her room. I heard her play the piano in her room last night. I hear her playing the piano in her room now. 5. be famous for 因 而著名 be famous as+职业/ 身份：作为 而出名 This park is famous for its lake. Luxun is famous as a writer. 6. allow doing sth.允许做某事They
41、dont allow smoking here allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事His parents allowed him to go out with me. allow+that 从句： He allowed that they were right. 他承认他们是对的 7. It s better (for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说）最好去做某事。 It s better for you to stop smoking.=You had better stop smoking. 精品文档 . 8. point out 指出point at/to
42、指着（近物 / 远物） 9. at the top of 在 的顶部move about 四处走动 10. promise to do sth.答应做某事He promised to help us. promise not to d o sth. 保证不做某事Tony promised not to talk in class. promise +that 从句: My parents promise that they will buy me a new shirt. 11.have a wonderful time 玩得开心 magic land 仙境 square kilometer
43、平方公里 by a small lake 在小湖边wake sb. up 唤醒某人 12. without doing 没有做 We came out without making any noise. 13.It is a pity that+ 从句。真遗憾 It s a pity that you have missed the party. 14.walk down the path 顺路而下 15.put leaves off plants 从植物扯下叶子 16. the second largest 第二大 . (the + 序数词 +最高级：第几最 ) 17.fall asleep
44、 入睡 M9 1.重要语法： if/whether 引导的宾语从句复合句， if/whether意为“ 是否” ，用 在将直接引语 （说话人说得话） 为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语（转述他 人的话）的复合句中做引导词， 转化后需将一般疑问句变为陈述句， 即陈述语序 。 （直接引语） “ Are you a teacher?” he asks. （间接引语） He asks if/whether I am a teacher. （直接引语） “Have you finished your home work?”the teacher asked him. （间接引语） The teacher
45、 asked if/whether I had finished my home work. 间接引语也就是 if/whether 引导的宾语从句 He wants to know if it will rain tomorrow. I don t know whether he is at home or not. 注：if 和 whether 一般情况下可以互换使用，但如下情况，不能用if,只能用 whether: 在动词不定式之前只能用whether I dont know whether to accept or refuse （拒绝） . 在 whether or not 的固定搭配
46、中。 Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介词后，只能用whether 。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。 Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 用 if 会引起歧义时，只用whether 。如用 whether 可避免歧义。 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（what/where/when/which/why/how/how many ） 直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复合句时，用原来的特殊疑
47、问词 作引导词，但后面需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。 （直引） “What s your name? ”Mr. Li asks me. 基本结构：主句 +if/whether+ 宾语从句（用陈述语序） 基本结构：主句 +特殊疑问词 +宾语从句（用陈述语序） 精品文档 . （间引） Mr. Li asks what my name is. （直引） “Why did he ask for help?” he asked. （间引） He asked why he asked for help. 间引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。 Where does he come from? I don t kn
48、ow.（合并句子） I don t know where he comes from. （合并后，原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句， 故要改为陈述句，因为它不再是问句了） How can I get there? Can you tell me? （合并句子） Can you tell me how I can get there?（解析同上） 注：if/whether和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句，主句和从句的时态与that 引导的宾语从句复合句一样，需注意主从句时态的变化。 2. mention sth. to sb.向某人提及某事 3. take a message （for sb.） ： （为某人）捎口信 4.打电话用语： Who s calling?=Who s that speaking?你是哪位？ Is that (speaking)?你是 吗？ This is speaking.我是 Could/May I speak to?我可以和 说话吗？ 5. have a problem with sb. 和某人之间出了问题 6.get separated 分开 7. explain sth. to sb.向某人解析某事Please explain the meaning to me. explain +疑问词 + 不定式： Could