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1、第九章 非谓语动词第一、二、三课时 一、学情分析 非谓语动词在英语学习当中占了很大的比例，而学生时常不能很好地处理该部分 知识点，经常分不清是什么是谓语，什么是非谓语，更搞不清楚什么时候该用谓语， 什么时候该用非谓语；其中过去分词和现在分词的用法尤为混乱，不能很好地判断何 种情况该用现分，何种情况该用过分；非谓语动词的相关练习做得不够多，综合运用 能力较低。 二、教学目标 1. 知识与技能 A了解非谓语的种类及构成； B学习各种非谓语动词的主要用法； C能够在语篇中正确完成非谓语动词的相关练习。 2. 过程与方法 A举例法 B演示法 C类比法 D图解法 3. 情感态度与价值观 A培养学生的规范
2、语言表达； B让学生体会语言的灵活多变。 三、教学重、难点 1. 非谓语动词的种类及其用法； 2. 语篇中非谓语动词的正确使用； 四、渗透法制教育 五、教学过程 Before class:(先学任务 ) 一、写出你所知道的非谓语动词的结构。 基本类型： 1.to do 2.v-ing 4.v-ed 二、用所给动词的适当的非谓语形式填空。 1.Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains _ (see) whether they will enjoy it. 答案to be seen 2.Life is a jou
3、rney _ (fill) with hardships, joys and special moments. 答案filled 3.Nowadays people separate their waste to make it easier for it _ (reuse) 答案to be reused 4._ (try) out different ideas, we are now getting closer to the answer. 答案Having tried 5.He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had
4、had his watch _ (repair) 答案repaired During class: Step1: warming up have, make, let等。但如果句子是被动语态，则to 不可省略。 He asked me to help him. She usually helped her mother (to) wash clothes on Sundays. 7. 同位语 : Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished? 8. 独立成分 : To tell you the truth, I dont like you. 类似的
5、有： to be frank 坦率地说， to cut a long story short 长话短说，等等。 三、不定式的其他用法 1. “疑问词 +不定式”结构，不定式可以和who, whom, whose, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用，构成动词不定式短语， 在句子中起名词作用， 可作主语，宾语， 表语等成分。 Where to go has not been decided.( 主语) We don t know what to do next.（宾语） 2. “形容词 +不定式”结构，部分形容词可后接不定式，与句子主语在逻辑上构成
6、主 谓关系，这类形容词多是表示思想感情的，如，eager, sure, glad, lucky等。 I am glad to hear the news. She is sorry to have missed the show. 3. 不定式的省略： 1）表示感觉的动词（ see, watch, listen to, look at 等 ）后作宾语补 足语时， to 可省略； 2）使役动词 make, let, have后；3）help 后可省，可保留，被动 语态要保留 to; 4）两个不定式并列时，保留第一个，其余省略；5）had better, would rather than, ca
7、nnot but, do nothing but等后可省略 to. 当堂导练一： 用括号中动词不定式的适当形式填空。 1. It s an honour for me _(ask) to deliver a speech at the meeting. 2. We found them _ (work) hard all the time. 3. I don t like myself _(praise) like that. 4. She was glad _(give) a chance to visit this beautiful city. 5. I am sorry _ (keep
8、) you waiting so long. 6. This poem is said _(translate) into English already. 7. After graduation he asked _ (send) to work in the countryside. 8. The computer is difficult _(control). 9. She has a slight headache now. She seems _ (catch)a cold. 10. I am going to have the orphan_(live) with me soon
9、. 11. They did nothing but _(play)bridge the whole day. 12. We failed _(get) him_(come) to the party. 13. What I d like _(do) first is _(read)today s newspaper. 14. Who is _(blame)? 15. The dog ought_(feed) hours ago. 16. What he wants is _(not interrupt)while he is speaking. 17. The books are not a
10、llowed _(take)out of the room. 18. He preferred to die rather than _(give) in. References:1.to be asked 2.to be working 3.to be praised 4.to have been given 5.to have kept 6.to have been translated 7.to be sent 8.to control 9.to have caught 10.live 11.play 12.to get, to come 13,to do,(to)read 14.to
11、blame 15.to have been fed 16.not to be interrupted 17.to be taken 18.give Step3:分词的用法 一分词的语法意义 语法意义分词是一种非谓语动词，有现在分词和过去分词两种 基本形式v-ing; v-ed(不规则动词形式有另外规定)；否定： not+分词构成 特征具有副词，形容词的特征，具有动词的部分特征，可以有宾语或状语， 构成分词短语 二分词的形式 类型 时态 语态 动词性质 及物动词不及物动词 主动语态被动语态主动语态 现在分词 一般式building being built falling 完成式having bu
12、ilt having been built having fallen 过去分词一般式fallen 三分词的句法功能 1）作表语：相当于形容词，表示性质或状态（不同于进行时和被动语态中的分词， 其中的分词是谓语的一部分，表示具体的动作） The invention is encouraging.(The machine is working.) She is unmarried.(The window was broken.) 2)作定语：单个分词通常作前置定语，有时也可放在后面；分词短语作后置定语，其 作用相当于定语从句 She told us an exciting story. His
13、spoken English is very good. These are the color TV sets made in Shanghai. 3)作状语：表示时间、原因，条件、结果、伴随情况与方式等，有时分词前可用when, while 等连词，分词作状语的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致。 Hearing the news, she jumped with joy.( 时间) While working in the countryside, we learned a lot from the peasants. （时间） Not knowing how to get there,
14、he had to go by taxi. （原因） If working without playing all day long, you will become a dull boy.( 条件) The teacher walked into the office, followed by a few students.( 伴随或方式 ) 4）作补足语：可作主语补足语，也可作宾语补足语，补充说明主语或宾语的行为或 状态。 I heard someone knocking at the door. I found his hometown much changed. The fire mu
15、st be kept burning. The next morning the old man was found buried in the snow. 5)with+名词或代词（宾格） +分词：表示伴随和方式，分词也可用不定式、形容词、 副词、介词短语等代替。 He ran into the clinic with blood streaming from his nose. He left the room with the door closed. I used to sleep with the windows open. 当堂导练二： 用括号内所给动词的适当分词形式填空。 1.
16、When Hilter came to power in Germany, Einstein found the doors of study _(close) to him. 2. Houses near airports sometimes have their windows _(break) by the noise of jet planes _(pass) overhead. 3. The old man is an _(advance) worker in this factory. 4. _(catch) in the rain, she fell ill. 5. The gi
17、rl _(bring up) by her uncle is studying chemistry in a university. 6. I was walking along the street when I heard my name _(call). 7. In order to make herself _(understand), she spoke slowly and clearly. 8. She failed in the final examination. She was very _(disappoint) at it. 9. While _(see) the fi
18、lm, she was _(move) to tears. 10. _(live) in London for five years, he speaks English very fluently. 11. _(not know) which road to take, he stopped to look at the map. 12. _(see) from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant. 13. Although _(work) hard, he failed in the exam. 14. _(bring) up
19、in the city, she didn t know much about farm work. 15. The war lasted a few years, _(kill) a lot of people. References：1.closed 2.broken, passing 3.advanced 4. Caught 5.brought up 6.called 7.understood 8.disappointed 9.seeing, moved 10. Having lived 11. Not knowing 12. Seen 13.working 14. Having bee
20、n bought 15.killing Step4: 动名词的用法 一动名词的语法意义 语法意义动名词是一种非谓语动词 基本形式v-ing, 与现在分词同形，否定有 not+动名词构成 特征 具有名词的特征，也具有动词的某些特征， 可以带宾语或由状语修饰， 动名词和宾语或状语一起构成动名词短语 二、动名词的形式 时态 语态 动词性质 及物动词不及物动词 主动语态被动语态主动语态 一般式praising being praised coming 完成式having praised having been praised having come 三、动名词的句法作用 1. 作主语：为保持句子平衡，
21、可用it 作形式主语，而将动名词短语放在句末，其逻辑 主语泛指人们。 Working all day made her tired. It s no use crying over spilt milk. 2. 作宾语：可作及物动词的宾语、作介词宾语、作形容词worth 和 busy的宾语，有时 可用 it 作形式宾语 (think，find，consider等)，其逻辑主语一般特指，有时也可泛指。 Would you mind my smoking here? I am looking forward to hearing from my father. The teacher consid
22、ers it no good reading without understanding. 3. 作表语：不要和进行时混淆，进行时说明谓语动作是由主语完成的，但动名词只是 说明主语的内容，往往是无生命的名词或由what 引导的名词性从句。 My job is teaching English. He is driving a car.(现在进行时 ) His job is driving a car.(动名词 ) 4. 作定语：动名词作定语起修饰作用，用于说明名词的用途和目的，且只能放于所修 饰词的前面。 It is important to use a good learning metho
23、d.(a method of learning) The man sitting at the working desk(a desk for writing) is a young writer. 四、动名词与现在分词的区别 1. 作定语时：动名词作定语修饰主语，用以说明主语的性质、用途及目的，与主语之 间没有逻辑上的主谓关系；而现在分词作定语，表示主语的动作或状态，两者之间存 在逻辑上的主谓关系。 This is a dancing hall.(动名词 ) China is a developing socialist country.( 现在分词 ) 2. 作表语时：动名词作表语，具有名
24、词性质，说明主语的内容或情况；分词作表语， 相当于形容词，表示性质和状态。 His hobby is fishing.(动名词 ) His speech was inspiring.( 现在分词 ) After class： Step5: 自辅落实 I.改正下列句中的错误。 1. If you don t mind, I d rather not to go. 2. The house to build will be a post-office. 3. Tell her don t turn on the light. 4. I m sorry to have kept you waited
25、 for me. 5. He was satisfying with what she had said. 6. We watched the plane taken off at the airport. 7. What made her so frightening? 8. Do you mind him to gamble? 9. It s no use to quarrel about it all day. 10. She devoted herself to help homeless children. References:1. 去掉to 2.to be built 3.don
26、 t 改为not to 4.waiting 5.satisfied 6.taking 7.frightened 8.to gamble改成 gambling 9.to quarrel 改为 quarrelling 10.helping II. 语法填空 A clear, accurate summary only gives the vital information from a text. Any extra, irrelevant details are left out. _1_ (summarize) will seriously improve your quick reading
27、 skillsso learn how to do it. You cant summarize if you havent read _2_ text carefully. Start by scanning the text, then read it closely. Once you understand the whole text, go through _3_ again slowly, working out _4_ is relevant, and which details can be left out. Write only the number of words yo
28、u _5_ (tell) no more. See what the title is, and look for any extra information on the paper _6_ could be relevant, _7_ the authors name. Decide what the main theme of the text is. If the question says how many words long the summary must be, you must never write _8_ (many) than that limit. You will
29、 _9_ (definite) lose marks _10_ you dont follow the guidelines. Make sure that all the basic information is there dont include details when there isnt room. References ：1.Summarizing考查动名词作主语。所填词表示主动关系和一般概念， 故填动名词的一般主动式。 2.the考查冠词。上文已出现过a text，故此处表示特指，所以用定冠词the。 3.it考查代词。此处用it 代替前面的 the whole text。 4
30、.what考查宾语从句。 working out 后的从句是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，所填词 表示“什么”，故填 what。 5.are told考查时态和语态。 tell 与 you 为动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，且文章的时 态基调是一般现在时，故填are told。 6.which/that考查定语从句。空处所填词引导限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先 行词是 information，故用 which/that。 7.like考查介词。此处是在举例，故用like(像)。 8.more考查比较级。由后面的 than可知，此处要用 many的比较级形式， 故填 more。 9.definitely考查副词。修饰谓语动词应该用副词，故填definitely。 10.if考查条件状语从句。 if 表示“如果”，在此引导条件状语从句。 Step6:课后反思