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1、非谓语动词讲解与训练 考点一：从时态和语态考查非谓语动词的用法 英语高考试题中从时态和语态来考查非谓语动词的题目是比较多的，其中有单独考查 非谓语动词时态的，有单独考查其语态的，而多数题是从时态和语态两方面来综合考查的。 例 1、 _the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. ( 广东 2004 第 26 题) A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 【解析】选C。句意为“因为还没有完成这个
2、节目制作，所以他们还必须在那再呆上两周”。 根据句意可知空格处所填的非谓语动词与其逻辑主语they 存在着主动关系，所以非谓语动 词需用主动语态（即现在分词形式），在时态上应用完成时态。另外现在分词的否定形式则 为“ not 现在分词”构成，所以答案为C项了。 例 2、 The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced 例 3、 “Things _ never come agai
3、n! ”I couldn t help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost 【解析】选A。句意为“失去的东西不会再来！我禁不住地对自己说”。这是一个含有直 接引语的复合句，做题时最关键的是首先找到直接引语中谓语动词（即never come） ，由此 可判定空格处需填非谓语动词。由非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（things）之间存在的被动关系 可知需要用被动式，选项B,C 和 D 都是主动形式，所以答案选A 项。 【考点小结】 仔细观察这些题目可知有其共同的考点，即选择谓语动词还是非谓语动词；选择主动语态还 是被动语
4、态；选择过去式还是将来式或是完成式等。做此类题的基本步骤为： 方法： 非谓语动词形式主要有三种：不定式（包括to do 或 do 两种形式）、分词（即现在分 词 V-ing 和 过去分词 ed 两种形式）和动名词（即V-ing 形式）。一般情况下，不定式含有 “将来”的意思，现在分词含有“正在进行或将要进行”的意思并表示主动意义，过去分词 含有“过去发生或已经完成”的意思并含有被动意义 考点二、从词的惯用法或固定结构搭配考查非谓语动词的用法 例 1、I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. A.
5、to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed 例 2、David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported 【解析】选C。句意为“ David 威胁说如果损失得不到赔偿，他就把邻居告到警察那去”。 此题要熟知threaten to do sth（威胁要做某事）结构，所以空格要填不定式。再根据选项中 动
6、词与逻辑主语David 之间存在着主动关系，就可以判定应该选C 项了。 例 3、 The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! AarrivedBarrives C to arriveDarriving 【解析】选C。句意为“这顿饭聚餐谁最后到达，谁买单。同意！”第一句中谓语 动词是 pays （支付），因此空格处缺少的应是非谓语动词，而且充当the last one 的后置定语， 两者属于主动关系。句中last 属于序数词，在“the first/ second / last 中心词”或“形容 词最高级中心词”结构中，后置定语一般用不定式，这是一个固定搭配。所以
7、答案是C 了。 【考点小结】 从词的惯用法和固定结构方面来考查非谓语动词，只能需要考生在平时学习中要多加积累并 学会在语境中理解才能更好地应付。但下面几点需要特别注意。 1、不定式的主动形式表示被动含义有三种情况。 1）在 “ be 表示特征性质的形容词不定式” 结构中；该结构中常用的形容词有：easy ， hard ， difficult ， important ， impossible ， interesting ， pleasant ， nice ， comfortable ， safe ， dangerous ， cheap ， fit ， heavy， happy, glad, pl
8、easant, sorry, lucky, surprised, angry, able, right, ready, clever, foolish, quick, slow, polite, wrong等。这类形容词既说明主语的特性， 又与后面的不定式构成因果关系。 2）不定式与疑问词连用时； 3）某些动词（如to blame/seek/let 等）的不定式与 be 动词连用时， 。 2、后面常接动名词作宾语的动词（或词组）有：admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, can t help, consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, esca
9、pe, finish, imagine, keep on, mind, practice, suggest, understand, miss, 4、后面接动词原形（即不带to 的不定式）作宾语或宾语补足语的动词有以下几种情况。 在感官动词后（如hear, feel, watch, notice, see, discover, observe, listen to, look at等）作宾 语补足语时； 在使役动词后（如have, make, let, leave 等）作宾语补足语时； 在一些固定结构后（如had better, would rather, rather than, cant
10、help but 等）作宾语时； 以 why 开头的省略疑问句中； regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾或后悔 stop to do 停止下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止 正在做的事 go on to do 做完一件事后，继续去做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来的事 try to do 尽力要去做某事 try doing 尝试做某事 mean to do 打算去做某事 mean doing 意味去做某事 考点三：从独立主格结构考查非谓语动词的用法 例 1、I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. 来源
11、 学_科 _网 A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 【解析】选C。句意为“我今天先付给你一百美圆，其余的将在年内给你”。前后两部分之 间只有逗号相隔，而没有连接词， 所以可以判定后一部分应为独立主格结构。空格处应填分 词或不定式。 根据时间状语in a year 可知，非谓语动词要用将来时态，而且与其逻辑主语the rest存在着主动关系。所以答案应是C 了。 例 2、 The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft， the most recent _
12、at the end of last March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 【考点小结】 独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构，它只有逻辑上的主语（名词或代词充当）和谓 语（一般用分词，不定式，形容词，副词，数词，介词短语来充当），而没有语法意义上的 主语和谓语，主要用语书面语中，在口语中不常用，在句子中起状语作用，相当于一个状语 从句， 表示时间、 原因、 方式、 条件、 伴随情况等， 用于修饰整个句子。其位置可放在句首、 句中或句尾， 与主句之间只有逗
13、号相隔，而没有任何连词相连，这是区别独立主格结构与分 句的主要特征。 非谓语动词充当独立主格结构中的逻辑谓语，主要有两种形式， 即 “逻辑主语分词”和 “逻 辑主语不定式” 。在“分词”选择上（是现在分词还是过去分词）以及“不定式”语态确 定上主要根据逻辑主语和逻辑谓语之间的关系（是主动关系还是被动关系）来确定， 若是被 动关系就选择过去分词或不定式的被动式，若是主动关系就选择现在分词或不定式的主动 式。 另外，还有一种省略逻辑主语的独立主格结构，即当逻辑主语表示一般人（如we, you, one 等）时，主语可省略。这时独立主格结构相当于一个插入语。如，generally speaking（
14、一般 来说） , strictly speaking（严格地说） , talking of （谈到） , speaking of（说到） , judging from （由来判断） , considering（考虑到） , taking all things into consideration （把一切考虑在内） 等。 考点四：从句法功能考查非谓语动词的用法 例 1、 A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _all four people on board. A. killed B. killin
15、g C. kills D. to kill 例 2、At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future. A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered 名校模拟试题汇编训练（15 分钟） 1.【2019 届江西省临川一中高三6 月信息卷】 28. He was watching for kids _ out from betwe
16、en _ cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something. A. dashing, parked B. dash, parking C. dashing, parking D. to dash, parked 2. 【2019 届江西省临川一中高三6 月信息卷】33. Was it _ the international conferenc e that made the city the focus of this area? A. held B. hold C. holding D. being held 【答案】 C【解析】考查
17、非谓语动词的用法。此处强调句型中，强调的是动名词短语holding the international conference，其作主语。 3.【2019届安徽高考最后一卷】30. Weifang is famous for its annual international kite festival, people from dozens of countries and regions every April since 1984. A. attracted B. having been attracted C. attracting D. having attracted 4.【2019
18、届安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考】22、The noise , she couldn t live here any longer. Ais too loud to put up Bis too loud to live with Cbeing too loud to put up Dbeing too loud to live with 【答案】 D【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作原因状语；live with 意为 put up with. 5.【2019 届上海市高考适应性考试英语试卷】29. As we have mentioned previously, we will be ded
19、icated to solving the problem within the current framework, rather than _ a new one. A. establishing B. establish C. to establish D. established 【答案】 A 【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处rather than 前后为并列关系，与solving 并列。 6.【2019 届上海市高考适应性考试英语试卷】31. The possibility of a murder _, the police have set about looking for t
20、he clues to her suicide. A. to be excluded B. to exclude C. having excluded D. having been excluded 【答案】 D【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处of 是介词，句意：谋杀的可能性已经被 排除，警察已经着手寻找她自杀的线索。 7.【2019 届上海市高考适应性考试英语试卷】34. We had better not bother our professor these days, for he is awfully busy preparing a report _ at an internati
21、onal conference next month. A. being delivered B. to be delivered C. to deliver D. delivered 8.【2019 届上海市高考适应性考试英语试卷】37. _ by greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 【答案】 A【解析】考查过去分词短语作状语。句意：因为受到更多蔬菜需求的驱使， 农民们建了更多的温室。
22、 9.【2019 届天津一中高三第五次月考】7. Husband and wife with a common duty to the country will find themselves _. A. draw close together B. to draw close together C. drawing close together D. drawn close together 10.【2019 届甘肃兰州一中三诊】12. It is better for you to lose weight by taking exercise every morning. - I thin
23、k your suggestion deserves _. A. try B. tried C. to be tried D. to try 【答案】 C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我认为你的建议值得被试试。 11. 【2019 届西安八校联考二】21_ very upset and sensitive, Freddy realized that they must leave the country before itbecame too painful for them AFeeling BFeel CFelt DTo feel 【答案】 A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处因fe
24、el 与主语Freddy 之间是主动关系， 故用现在分词。 12. 【2019 届西安八校联考二】25I would like to make friends with any person who is comfortable _ Ato talk to Bto be talked to Cto talk Dto be talked 【答案】 A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处person 作 talk to 的宾语，用主动形式。 13.【2019 届河北省唐山市三模】24awake ,he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another. ASt
25、aying BStayed CTo stay DHaving stayed 14.【2019 届河北省唐山市三模】32We are sure to get all work by next Tuesday. Trust me . Adone Bhaving done Cbeing done Dto do 【答案】 A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。解题关键：get sth done 意为：使某事被做。句 意：截止到星期二我们一定能完成所有的工作。相信我。 15. 【2019 届江苏徐州市高考信息卷】29. Much disappointed as he is _ in the job inter
26、view, he still keeps his confidence. A. to have failed B. failed C. having failed D. failing 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处相当于： as he is much disappointed to have failed in the job interview 。句意：尽管他对工作面试失败感到很失望，但他仍然很有信心。 16.【2019 届江西临川一中冲刺卷】21. Would you like to go to the party tonight? I d love to, but th
27、ere are so many rooms _. A、to have painted B、painted C、being painted D、to paint 【答案】 D【解析】考查非谓语动词。语意；我很乐意去，但我还有很多房间需要粉刷。 此处应用动词不定式作后置定语表示将要做的动作。 17.【2019 届江西临川一中冲刺卷】33. _ as a promising tennis player in the world, Chinese player Zheng Jie succeeded in entering the next round in French Open Tennis. A
28、、Having acknowledged B、Acknowledging C、Acknowledged D、To acknowledge 18. 【2019 届四川成都市树德协进中学5 月月考】23. _ extremely exhausted, I turned to look at the puppy that _ at the door. A. Felt, lied B. Feeling , lay C. Fell, lied D. To feel, lain 【答案】 B【解析】 考查非谓语动词的用法。此处 I 和 feel 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词； 第二空 lay 是躺的过去式
29、。 19. 【2019 届辽宁省大连市二模】23 What should you do if you have problems with your life? . ATo find a friend to talk BFind a friend to talk to CFinding a friend to talk to DFound a friend to talk 【答案】 B【解析】 考查非谓语动词的用法。此处 find a friend to talk to是 do 的具体内容。句 意： -如果你生活中遇到困难，你应该怎样做呢？ 20.【2019 届辽宁省大连市二模】32A big
30、 company was built in our city in 2019, _ a lot of job opportunities for the unemployed Ato create Bcreated Ccreating D having created 【答案】 C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处creating a lot of job opportunities for the unemployed 作结果状语。 21.【2019 届黑龙江哈三中三模】23. We d better postpone _ it till next week _ the manager wi
31、ll come back. A. discussing; when B. to discuss; that C. discuss; what D. discussed; where 22. 【2019 届甘肃省西北师大附中高三诊断】14. The silence of the library is sometimes broken by a sudden cough or the sound of pages _. A. turning B. turned C. being turned D. having turned 【答案】 C【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。此处of 是介词，其后用动名词，根据句意用动 名词的被动式。