初中英语介词用法全.pdf

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1、. Word 文档 初中阶段介词用法汇编 一、表示时间的介词: 1、at、on、in “ at 时间点,有on 必有天, in 指月季年,也和色相连” 就是说,有具体的时间点的时候用at,具体那一天用on,说到月份,季节,年份,就用in ;而且说谁穿 了什么颜色的衣服的时候,也是用in XX(color )】 at 用于某一具体时刻或重大节日之前 在五点钟 _ 在中午 _ 在夜晚 _ 在圣诞节 _在午夜 _ 【答案】 at five o clock at noon at night at Christmas at midnight (2)on 用在具体某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上之前 在国庆

2、节 _在周二晚上 _在星期天 _ 【答案】 on National Day on Tuesday evening on Sunday (3)in 用在周、日、季节或泛指的上午、下午、晚上前 在一周 _ 在五月 _在夏季 _ 在 2009 年_在下午 _ 【答案】 in a week in may in summer in 2009 in the afternoon 归纳总结 在初中阶段常见的固定短语 in English 用英语in a minute 一会儿、立刻in a short while一会儿、不久 in a hurry 匆匆忙忙in danger 在危险中in full 全部地、详细

3、地 in a word 一句话in all 总共in every case 不管怎样 in the end 最后in spite of 尽管in person 亲自 in fact 事实上in good health身体健康的in front of在前面 in some ways 在某些方面in common共同的in public 当众 考题再现: -Who was the first man with A(h1n1) flu in mainland China know for sure? -_May 11,2009. A In B On C For D Since 【答案】 B 【解析】

4、在具体的某一天用on 2、before 、after before 表示“在某时刻或某件事之前”, after 用在时刻或某件事之后。 We must leave _.八点钟之前我们必须离开。(before 8 o clock) _breakfast ,he hurried to school. 早餐后,他匆忙上学去了。(After) 考题再现: When the school biulding began to shake,the teachers ran downstdirs _all the students.The teachers are real hero. A .after B

5、.with C .befor 【答案】 A 【解析】 after “在之后”,with “与一起”,before “在之前”。老师们是英雄,说明老师们 在地震后跑在了学生之后。 3、by、until 、till (1)by 表示“在之前,到为止” You must hand in your homework _nine o clock.你必须在 9 点前交上家庭作业。 (by) (2)till 与 until 都有“直到”或“直到为止”之意,till 多用于口语,且不能放在句首,till 和 until 用于肯 定句时,主句中动词的动作一致延续到till 或 until 后的时间为止; til

6、l 和 until 用于否定句时,主句中的动词 是瞬间动作,它的动作要到till 或 until 后的时间才发生。 Eg: He can not be back _January. 直到一月份他才回来。 (till/until ) We waited _10 o clock last night. 昨晚我们一直等到10 点钟。 (till/until ) 4、since, for . Word 文档 Since 和 for 后接时间都可用于完成时,表示某一动作“延续了一段时间”。而for 后跟“时间段”, since 后 接时间点,常与含延续性动词的完成时连用。 (1)The Green fa

7、mily have been in China _four years. 格林一家在中国已经四年了。 (2)He s been here _ two years ago.他来这儿已经两年了。 【答案】(1)for (2)since 5、in ,after 两者都有“在一段时间之后”之意,但“in+时间段”表示时间从现在算起,常用语将来时态;而“after+ 时间 段/时间点”表示的时间从过去算起,多用于过去式。Eg: (1)I will finish the work _two hours. 两个小时后我将完成这项工作。 (2)He returned his hometown _half an

8、 year. 半年后他返回了他的故乡。 【答案】(1)in (2)after 【考题再现】 No hurry.The bus will arrive _ten minutes. A .at B. for C.in D. by 【答案】 C 【解析】在将来时中,in 用在一段时间之前,表示在一段时间之后。故选C 6、during ,through (1)during 意为“在一段时间”的行为或状态,与一段时间的整体连用。 如: during the winter,during yesterday等,也可以喝表示延续性事件的名词连用,如:during our stay , during my vi

9、sit等。一般不用在现在完成时的句子里。Eg: I made many good friends_my visit to China.我在中国参观期间交了很多好朋友。 There s too much wind in the north _the spring. 春季北方的风很多。 【答案】(1)during (2)during (2)through 表示“从开始到结束的全过程”。 Eg It s very hot_the whole summer this year. 全年整个夏季都很热。 We work from Monday _Sunday. 从周一到周日我们都在上班。 【答案】 thr

10、ogh throgh 二、表示地点的介词: 表示方位的介词: in、on、to In 表示“在”,on 表示“与相邻”, to 表示“在之外,又不相邻” A is in the northeast of B.A is on the west of B. B is to the east of A. 【考题再现】 Taiwan is a beautiful island and it s _east of Fujian. A.in B.on C.to 【解析】在表示方位时,in 表在部, on 表 相邻, to 表在外部,又不相邻。在附件的 外部,与隔海相望。故选C 2、表示“在之上或之下”的介

11、词 (1)on、over 、above 表示“在之上”。 On 表示接触的上方,over 表示不接触的正上方,above 表示不 接触的斜上方。Eg: My pencil-case is _ Li Lei s desk.我的铅笔盒在磊的课桌上。(on) There is a bridge _ the river. 河上有座桥。(over ) The plane is flying _ the clouds. 飞机在云层上飞行。 (above ) (2)bneath 、under 、below 都有“在之下”之意。 Beneath 是 on 的反义词,表示接触的下方;under 是 over 的

12、反义词, 表示不接触的正下方;below 是 above 的反义词, 表示不垂直且不与表面接触的下方。Eg: Please do not write _this line. 请不要写在这条线的下面。 (below ) . Word 文档 The boy find his lost knife _a pile of leaves.那男孩在一堆树叶下发现了他丢失的小。(beneath ) The water flows _the bridge. 水在桥下流过。 (under ) 【考题再现】 The weather report said that the temperature would fe

13、ll _(在下面)zero. 【答案】 below 【解析】“在下面”可用below 或 under ,表示在温度的上方或下方用above(上)或 Below(下)。 3、表示在某地的介词:at、in、on at表示较小的地点,in表示较大的地方,on表示在一个平面上。Eg: _ Shanghai. _ home. _ ground.【答案】in at on 【考题再现】 Tom told me his parents had arrived _Beijing. A. at B. on C. in D. to 【答案】C 【解析】 arrive 后接两个介词in 或 at,at 接小地方, i

14、n 接大地方。北京是大地方,故选C。 4、表示“前、后”的介词 in front of ,in the front of ,before 表示“在之前” in front of = before 表示“在某一围之外的前面” in the front of表示“在某一围之的前部”eg: Tom is short and always sits _ the classroom. 汤姆很矮,一直坐在教室的前面。(in the front Of) There is a tree _ my house.我的房前有棵大树。 (in front of/before) at the back of,behin

15、d,after三者均有“在之后”之意, at the back of是 in the front of的反 义词,表示“在某一围之的后部”, behind 是 in front of的反义词,表示“在某一围之外的后面”, After 可与 behind 互换,也可以用于表示运动的词词后面。Eg: The couples are walking _their son. 这对夫妇跟在他们的儿子后面散步。(after ) Your cat is hinding _the tree. 你的猫躲在树后面。 (behind ) There s a blackboard _the classroom. 教室

16、后面有块黑板。 (at the back of ) 【考题再现】 There is a bank _(在后面) the bus station. 【答案】 behind 【解析】在某一物体外部的后面,用介词behind 5、表示“里外”的介词 in 表示“在”,有静止之意, inside 表示“在里面”、“到里面”,强调“以为界”之意, into 表示动作的方向,意为“到”。Eg: My wallet is _the closet. 我的钱包在衣柜里。 (in) The boy rushed _ the house. 这个男孩冲进房子。 (into ) He was reading Engli

17、sh _the door. 他在家里读英语。 (inside) 【考题再现】 The school days are busy enough,yet the taylors try to fit as much as possible _their kid s lives. A. in B. into C. on D. at 【答案】 B 【解析】 fit into 是固定短语。 outside 是 inside 的反义词,表示“在外面”, out of 是 into 的反义词,表示“到外”。 Eg: Don t look _the window when you are in class.上

18、课时不要想窗外看。 (out of ) They are having an important meeting ,please wait _ the office.他们正在召开一个重要的会 议,请在办公室外边等候。(outside ) . Word 文档 三、其他介词 1、表示材料与手段的介词:with,by,in with 表示用什么工具,所用的东西都是具体的物。Eg: We see _our eyes and hear _ears. 我们用眼看,用耳听。 (with,with ) by 指“靠手段”,“用方法”,“凭借动作”,所表示的方法、手段、途径比较抽象,后接名词、代 词或动名词,也

19、可和bus、plane、bike 等表示交通手段的名词连用。Eg: He earns his living _writing. 他靠写作谋生。 (by) I shall contact you _telephone. 我将打和你联系。 (by) I will travel to Hainan _ air. 我将乘飞机去。 (by) 【考题再现】 Lin Lin often practices English _chatting with her American friend. A. in B. by C. for D.with 【答案】 B 【解析】 by 后接动名词常表示使用某种方法或通过

20、某种途径。 in 表示“所用材料以及所用的语言、声音、衣饰等”eg: They are talking _Japanese.他们正用日语交谈。 (in) The boy always _a blue heat. 男孩常带一顶蓝帽。 (in) I like to draw picture _red ink. 我喜欢用红墨水画画。 (in) 【考题再现】 Betly let s make a cake _some flour,sugar,butter and milk. A. at B. of C. in D. with 【答案】 D 【解析】根据句意“ Betly 让我们用面粉、糖、黄油、牛奶做

21、面包”可知,空格部分介词为用, With 指工具或材料,故选D。 2、of,from,about Of 表示“属于的”,表示数量或种类;from 表示“是哪里人”以及时间或时间的起点来自;about “关于”、 “大约、左右”等。Eg: The old man sit here _morning. 从早晨起老人就坐在这儿。 (from ) Wang Hong is a friend _mine. 王红是我的一位朋友。 (of) I know nothing _him. 我对他一无所知。 (about ) There are _fifty people in the room.房间里大约有50

22、人。 (about ) Here is a cup _tea for you. 给你一杯茶。(of) These visitors are all _American.这些游客都来自美国。 (from ) 【考题再现】 I got an e-mail this morning.It was _ my foreign friend ,Tony. 【答案】 D 【解析】 be from 意为“来自”,表明主语的出处。 四、几个已混介词的用法辨析 1、between,among between 指“两者之间”包括两个以上的人或物中两两之间。among 指三者或三者以上的中间。Eg: My schoo

23、l is _the post office and the hospital.我的学校在邮局和医院之间。(between ) I found him _the crowd. 我从人群中发现了他。 (among ) 【考题再现】 You must ride your bike _the right side of road. A. at B. on C. in D.for 【答案】 B 【解析】在左 /右要用介词on . Word 文档 2、across,through Across 的含义与 on 有关,表示某一动作在某一物体的表面进行,其意思为“横过”,用来表示出于或到达 一条线、一条河或一

24、条道路的另一侧。through 的含义与 in 有关,表示动作发生在立体空间,是从部穿 过。常用来表示穿过洞形、筒形或类似的封闭物体到达另一端。Eg: He walked _the forest. 他穿过了森林。 (through ) We walked _the road. 我们横穿马路。 (across) 【考题再现】 Let s go _the road.The shop is _the other side. A.across,on B.cross,on C.through,in D.between,on 【答案】 A 【解析】 across 与 cross 表示横穿,常用来穿街道、马

25、路等;through 表示从部穿过,常用 来穿森林、隧道等。 3、beside,except,but 三词都有“除之外”之意,但beside 表“除之外,还有”,指整体中加入一部分,含义是肯定的; Except 和 but 都表示从整体中除去部分,常可换用,但but 着重在整体,常用在on,all,nobody ,where, Who 等词后, except 不受此限,且着重在除去的部分。Eg: I m free every day_today.除了今天我每天都有空。 (except ) There re many rivers in China _the Changjiang and Hua

26、nghue.中国除了长江和黄河外还有许 多河流。(beside ) Who _ Steve would do such a thing. 除了史蒂芬谁还会干这种事。(but) 【考题再现】 Mr. Lin gave the textbook to all the students_the ones who had already taken Them. A. except B.including C.among D.with 【答案】 A 【解析】 except 表示“排除在外”,即把其后的宾语排除在发生的围之外。 五、含有介词的固定搭配 1、介词与动词 do well in 在某方面做的好d

27、o with 处置agree with sb. 同意某人 begin with 以开始laugh at 嘲笑help with 在方面帮助 leave for 动身去某地catch up with 赶上 get on/a long with 与相处 arrive in/at 到达 makefriend with 与交朋友take care of 照顾、照料 look at 看listen to 听hear from 听说 look for 寻找turn on/off 打开 /关上send for 派人去请 look after 照看、照料put on 穿上pay for 为付钱 lookove

28、r 检查depend on 依赖、依靠wait for 等候 fill with 充满ask for 要,要求 【考题再现】What would you do _the lost libarary book? I would by to find it or pay _ it. A.for,to B.about,for C.with,for D.with,to . Word 文档 【答案】 C 【解析】本题考查的是介词的固定搭配。do with 意为“处置”、“对付”,pay for “为付钱” 2、介词和形容词的固定搭配 be satisfied with sb. 对某人感到满意be wea

29、k in 在某方面差 be good/bad for 对有益/有害be late for 迟到 be pleased with sb. 对某人感到满意be busy with 忙于 be angry at sth. 因而生气be made of 由制成 be angry at sb. 生某人的气be good at 在方面做的好 be full of 充满be different from 与不同 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 be proud of 以为荣 【考题再现】 We must be strict _ourse

30、lves and strict_our work. A.in,with B.with,in C.in,in D.with,with 【答案】 B 【解析】本体考察的是介词和形容词搭配的固定短语。be strict with sb. 意为“对某人要求严格”,对 某事要求严格在strict 后面接 in 3、介词与名词搭配 in time 及时at work 在工作 on time 按时in fact 事实上 at home 在家at once 马上 at night 晚上in trouble 处于困境 on foot 步行on duty 值日 in a hurry 匆忙in the sun 在下

31、 一、介词按其构成可分为: 1. 简单介词at, in, on, to, since, until等。如: Hes worked there since 1998. 2. 复合介词into, onto, out of等。如: She is out of school. 她毕业了。 3. 二重介词from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in等。如: Im from out of town. 我是从城外来的。 4. 短语介词because of, instead of, in spite of等。如: I went bac

32、k not because of the rain, but because I was tired.我回去不是因为下雨,而是 因为我累了。 二、介词的作用: 1. 表示地点:after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under等。如: Near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。 . Word 文档 They lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。 2. 表示时间:about, af

33、ter, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until等。如: After class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。 A heavy rain has been falling across three days. 一场大雨下了整整三天。 The accident happened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。 3. 表示动作:at, across, around, on, over, under等。如: The earth goes around t

34、he sun. 地球绕太阳运行。 The car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。 4. 表示比较:as, like, above, over, with等。如: She was something like her sister. 她有几份像她的妹妹。 Chinese is much more difficult in contrast with English. 和英语相比,汉语难得多。 5. 表示原因:about, for, from, with等。如: Dont worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。 Business kept me fro

35、m coming. 我因事不能来。 He was angry with what I did. 他对我所做的很气愤。 6. 表示条件:to, with, without等。如: Without your advice, he would have failed. 没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。 7. 表示手段、方式:as, by, in, with 等。如: He behaved as a drunkard. 他的举止如同醉汉一样。 Learn the new words by heart.记住这些生词。 We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看。 8. 表示距离、数量:fro

36、m, in, within等。如: My house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里。 They were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。 9. 表示目的:as, for 等。如: I only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。 Its time for class. 到上课的时间了。 10. 表示让步:for, with 等。如: For all his effort, he didnt succeed. 虽然他做了一番努力,仍不能成功。 With all his money, he is unha

37、ppy. 尽管他有钱,但他并不快乐。 for 还可以引导插入语,例如: I, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反对这个提议。 初中英语介词专项练习题 . Word 文档 ( ) 1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on ( ) 2 -There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there? -No. We can have a game of tabl

38、e tennis. A. on B. in C. out D. up ( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since ( ) 4 Tim suddenly returned_ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during ( ) 5 My grandfather was born_Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of ( ) 6 The train is starting_five min

39、utes. A. in B. at C. for D.still ( ) 7 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on 2 ( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years. A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past ( ) 2 We returned to our hometown_.A.

40、next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week ( ) 3 Great changes have taken place_. A. in the last few year B. in the last few yearsC. last year D. on the last year 3 ( ) 1 Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at ( ) 2 _ a cold winter morning, I

41、met her in the stfeet.A. In B. On C. At D. For ( ) 3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of ( ) 4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in 4 ( ) 1 He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year. A

42、. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; ia ( ) 2 Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. . . A. on B. in C. at D. to ( ) 3 Mrs Brown came to China _ 1996. A.on B. of C. to, D. in ( ) 4 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Chicago to show their mourning_Joe Hill. A. On; to B. In; of

43、. C. On; for , D. At; for ( ) 5 Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992. A. /; in i B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in ( ) 6 They started off_an autumn afternoon. A. during B. at C. in D. on 5 ( ) 1 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning. A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to (

44、) 2 He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on ( ) 3 The English teacher told me to get there_ half past ten. A: in B. at C. on D. of ( ) 4 The children get up _ 6 oclock. A. at B. on C. during D. in 6 ( ) 1 The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest.

45、 . Word 文档 A. for; with B. on; withoutC. about; having D. for; without ( ) 2 I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_myself_ last. A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the ( ) 3 A new factory will be set up:_ a year. lotae A. for B. in C. after D. on ( ) 4 T

46、wo years_ he began to write another story-book. A. after B. later ; C. in D. late ( ) 5 We will finish the picture a day. A. in B. on C. after D. on ( ) 6 The workers had been_ strike_almost a month. A. on; in B. at; in C. on; for D. on; during ( ) 7 Mr Brown had lain _ the ground _ four hours befor

47、e they finally found him. A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during 7 ( ) 1 The teacher is coming back_ an hour.A. after B. for C. in D. before ( ) 2 She lived in the mountain village_ the years 1940-1950. A. between B. during C. in D. since ( ) 3 Miss Wang will come to Beijing_ two days. A. after B. in C. on D. before ( ) 4 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won _ the end. A. by B. at C. in D. on 8 ( ) 7 Mary had finished her homewor

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