高一英语牛津版必修四Module4Unit1~3语法.pdf

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1、2013.8.27 M4U2 Grammar 一情态动词的特征:情态动词有一定词义,但不完全,不能单独作谓语,须和不带to的动词不定式(ought 等除外)一起构成合成谓语;情态动词没有人称和数的变化;情态动词表示可能,能力,允诺,命令,愿望, 敢于等情态。 二情态动词的基本形式及其否定式的简略形式(词尾 + nt) 原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式 cancould may might must must (or: had to) ought to ought to will/won t would shall/shan t should need needed dare dared

2、 三、常见情态动词的用法。 1. can (能力、许可、可能性;请求,允许;惊异怀疑,不相信态度) (1) 可以表示 _可能性 _用于肯定句中。如:He can be right. 他可能是对的。 (2) can 还可以表示 _能力 _;提出 _建议 _。如:I can run very fast. 我能跑的非常快。 We can eat here, if you like. 如果你愿意,我们在这儿吃吧。 (3)用于疑问句表示_许可 _;_命令 _;怀疑等。如: Can I take you home? 带你回家好吗?Can you help me? 能帮我忙吗? Can it be true

3、? 是真的吗? (4) 用于否定句表示_可能性,推测_。如: That can t be Mary.那不可能是玛丽。 (5) 用于疑问句表示_惊异、怀疑、不相信、失望_。如: Can it be true? 那是真的吗? 比较: be able to 可以用于各种时态,表示不仅有能力,而且还能够做成功。 1.如: _ I was able to (managed to) finish my homework in an hour. 我终于在1 小时内做完家庭作业了。 2. Chuck has been able to realize that friendship is about feeli

4、ngs and we must give as much as we take. _ 2. could (能力,客观可能性,许可,请求,允许;惊异怀疑,不相信态度) (1) 表示 _允许 _。如:Could I use the phone? (2) 表示 _请求 _。如:Could you type me one more letter? (3) 表示 _能力 _。如: I m so hungry that I could eat a horse. (4) 表示 _可能 _性。如: You could be right. 你可能是对的。 (5) 表示 _许可 _。如: You could tr

5、y this number. 你可以试一下这个号码。 (6)表示 _或_的语气。如: If I were a bird , I could fly. Could I interrupt a moment? 3. may (请求、许可;允许,推测,谈论可能性;希望、祈求、祝愿) (1) 表示 _允许 _, 。如: May I come in? (2) 表示 _。如:That may or may not be true. (3) 表示 _。如:Ill call him so that he may know when to expect us. (4)表示用于 _情况。如:Who may you

6、 be?你能是谁呢? (5)表示 _和希望。如May you succeed! 另外 May not 表示可能不,而 cant/ couldnt 表示不可能。 如:_他可能不在家。_. 我不可能做那事。 4. might (请求允许语气更委婉,可能性,祝愿。可能性低于may) (1) 表示 _。如:Might I make a suggestion? (2) 表示 _。如: He might get here in time. (3) 用于 _情况。如: Who might she be ? (4) 用于委婉的 _或呼吁请求。如: You might offer to help at leas

7、t. 你至少该提供帮助。 5. will (意愿、意志、决心;打算,请求,建议;决定,允诺,推测,习惯性动作或某种倾向) (1) 表示对未来事物的_。如:Youll be in time if you hurry . (2) 表示 _或不愿意。如:We wont lend you any more money. (3) 表示发出 _或指示。如:You will carry out the order. (4) 用于 _预言 _真理。如: Oil will float on water. 油漂在水上。 (5) 表示施事者 _做某事。如: He will go home now. 他执意回家。 6

8、. would (请求,建议;推测,习惯性动作或某种倾向) (1)表示设想事情的_。如:I would think it over if I were you. 2013.8.27 (2)表示提出客气的_。如:Would you please pay me in cash? (3) 表示提建议或 _。如:Would you like to sit down? (4) 表示评论特有的_。如: Thats just what he would say. (5) 表示 _。如: She burnt the letters so that he would never read them.would

9、还可以表示过去经常发生的情况。 如:_would rather 表示宁愿做某事。 如:I would rather you do it again 而 used to表示过去常常,而现在不再这么做了。如:I used to go swimming 。 7. shall (征求对方意见,提出建议请求;说话人的强烈愿望甚至威胁;许诺) (1)表示 _。如:I shall get there on time. (2)表示意愿或 _。如:I shall write to you again. (3) 表示提供 _或建议。如:What shall we do this time? (4) 表示 _或指示

10、。如 : She shall suffer for it. 8. should (劝告、建议、义务、责任;命令;推测;责备,虚拟语气) (1) 表示 _或义务。如: You shouldnt drink and drive. (2) 表示试探性的 _。如: We should arrive before dark. (3) 表示假定的 _。如 :We should move to Beijing if we had the money . (4)表示目的或动机。如:She repeated it so that he should understand . (5) 表示 _的客气说法。如:We

11、 should be grateful for your help. (6)表示 _兴趣或难以相信。如:How should I know? 9. ought to (责任,义务;推测;虚拟语气) (1) 表示 _或义务。如: We ought to start at once.。 (2)表示推测性 _。如:If he started at nine, he ought to be here by now. 10. must 多表示人的情感。另外还可以(必须, 应该主观看法; 命令, 要求“必须, 一定”;主观愿望 “一定要”; 否定句表禁止、不可以;推测) (1)表示 _。如:I must

12、go to the bank to get some money. (2) 表示 _或建议。如: I must ask you not to do that again . 我劝你不要再做那事了。 (3) 表示做出逻辑 _。如:You must be hungry after such a long work. 工作这么长时间,你一定饿了。 (4) 表示 _。如: You must put your name down for the team. 而 have to 表示必须,不得不。 11. need (需要,必须;虚拟) (1)表示 _。如: You neednt finish that

13、job today. (2) needn t have done 表示表示曾经做过的事_。如:You neednt have hurried. 你不必匆匆忙忙。 12. dare (敢于) (1) 表示 _,敢于,竟敢,胆敢等。如:I dare not ask her for a rise. (2) How dare sb do sth 表示对他人举动的_。如: How dare you say that ? 二、考点归纳分析 情态动词can/may/ must 基本用法之间的比较和辨析。 有些题目借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握。因此在做这样的试 题时应认

14、真分析语境中所含的实际意义,并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。如: 例 Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library. (NMET 04 上海卷 ) A. must B. may C. can D. need. 解析:答案 _。根据题意判断是强制的。 答案 A 考点本题考查情态动词的用法。 解析句意为:未满12 岁的儿童必须在成人的监督下呆在图书馆。表示“必须”时用must 侧重主观 , have to 侧重客观。 考查“情态动

15、词have过去分词”的用法。 “情态动词have过去分词”表达的含义较多,因此命题人多在此处设陷阱。 must完成时态,表示_ should完成式, _本来应该做而实际上又没有做_ might (may, can, could)完成式, _本可以做而实际上未能做,含有遗憾的意味_ 例 1. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn t show up.(04 广西 ) A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arrivi

16、ng 2013.8.27 例 Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. (2004 福建卷) Aought to tell B would have told C must tell D should have told 答案 D 考点考查“情态动词 +have done”构成的虚拟语气用法。 解析答语句意为:你本该上周就告诉她(其实没告诉她)。 考查 shall, should 作情态动词的用法。 例 -Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a r

17、eport. -You _ have my computer if you don t take care of it. A. shantB. might not C. needn tD. shouldnt 解析:答案 _。在陈述语气中,主语是第二人称时,shall 表示说话者的意图,含有意旨、命令、恫吓等, 支配着对方的行动。如果你不对计算机爱护的话,你就不能使用我的计算机。 例 I_ pay Tracy a visit, but I m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (2004 浙江卷 ) A. should B. might

18、 C. would D. could 解析:答案 _。should“应该”。我本来应该访问Tracy,但是没有把握星期天是否有空。 考查 had better 的用法。 例: If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ityou ve got some big bills coming. A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget 解析:答案 _。better 相当于 had better, 属于情态动词, 后接动词原形。 better 或 had

19、 better do sth.的意思是 “最 好做某事”。 C.(一)情态动词 can表示“能力;可能性;能够” If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn t B. shouldn t C. can t D. might not 【解析】答案为C。“fact ”后接 “that ”引导的同位语从句,用于对其作进一步的解释。她不会唱歌是一个事实, 所以要用陈述语气。cant意为 “ 不会,不具备某种能力” 。 The World Wide Web is somet

20、imes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _be very slow. A. should B. must C. will D. can 【解析】答案为D。“can”在肯定句中表示“ 可能性 ” 时意为 “ 有时候可能会 ” ,这是它的一个特殊用法。 We hope that as many people as possible join us for the picnic tomorrow. A. need B. must C. should D. can 【解析】答案为D。can 表示 “ 能够 ” 。句意:希望尽量多的人能够参

21、加明天的野餐。need 意为 “ 需要 ” ,表示需 要或有必要做某事。must 意为 “ 必须 ” 。should意为 “ 应该 ” 。 may 表示“ 也许,可能 ” Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isn t quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can 【解析】答案为C。句意:海伦可能(也许)会和我们一起去旅游,但她还不能确定。根据句意我们可以推断 “ 不是她有没有这个能力去的问题” ,故不能选择D 项。 should表示“ 应该;按理应该 ” I think Ill give Bob a

22、ring.You _. You haven t been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. should 【解析】答案为D。should意为 “ 应该 ” ,多表示 “ 某事宜做、应当做或必须做” ,强调主观方面的原因。根据所 提供的情景 “You have nt been in touch with him for ages.”可判断出由于多年没有联系,应该给鲍勃打 电话了。 will 意为 “ 将” 。 may 意为 “ 可以 ” 。have to 意为 “ 因客观原因不得不做某事” 。 There _ be

23、any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustn t B. shan t C. shouldn t D. needn t 2013.8.27 【解析】答案为C。根据经验或惯例对某一情况进行推测,用“should”或 “ought to” ,常译成 “ 按理应该 ,” 或“ 可能会 ”。“shouldnt ”是其否定形式。句意:既然你已经在驾驶学校练习了那么多,要通过路 考按理说不应该有什么困难的。 shall表示“ 征询对方意见;表示

24、法律法规条文的规定” What s the name? Khulaifi. _I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 【解析】答案为A。“shall ”用于征询对方的意见。此句意为:要不要我给你拼出来? “would ”用于第二人称,表 示“ 愿意 ” 。“can”用于征得对方的同意意为“ 可以,可能 ” 。 “might”用于征得对方的同意意为“ 可以 ” , 用于疑问句和建议时比“may ” 更委婉和礼貌。 一 What does the sign over there read? 一 No person _smoke

25、 or carry a lighted cigarette ,cigar or pipe in this area. A. will B. may C. shall D. must 【解析】答案为C。“shall ”常用于第二,三人称表示命令,意为“必定,一定,应该”。 must表示“ 主观意愿 ” 意为: “ 一定要 ” ;表示 “ 命令或要求 ” 意为“ 必须、一定 ” 。 In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D

26、. will 【解析】 答案为 C。根据句意 “ 在诸如飞机场和火车站那样拥挤的地方,你一定要看好你的行李。”must 表示 “ 必 须,一定 ” ;can 和 may 表示 “ 可能 ” 。 Could I have a word with you, mum? Oh dear, if you _. A. can B. must C. may D. should 【解析】答案为B。must 表示 “ 一定要 ” 表示主观意愿。can 表示 “ 有能力 ” ; may 表示 “ 可能、也许 ” ;should表 示“ 应该 ” 。 have to表示“ 客观” 上的“ 不得不 ” What do

27、 you think we can do for our aged parents? You _do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. don t have to B. oughtn t to C. mustn t D. can t 【解析】答案为A。句意:除了和他们待在一起,其它的什么都不必做。mustn t 表示 “ 禁止,不许可 ” 的意思。 Some aspects of a pilots job _be boring, and pilots often _work at convenient hours. A. c

28、an; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must 【解析】 答案为 A。can 意为 “ 可能 ” 。have to 意为 “ 不得不 ” 表示 “ 由于受客观条件的限制不得不做某事” 。句意: 从某些方面看,飞行员的工作可以说是很乏味的,因为他们经常不得不在不舒服的环境下工作好几个 小时。 You be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldn t B. can tC. mustn tD. needn t 【解析】答案为 B。 cant+ 动词原形表示

29、“ 对现在情况的猜测或判断” 意为 “ 不可能 ” 。 根据下文 “you had lunch only two hours ago!”可判断出 “ 你不可能饿了” 。 Theres no light onthey _be at home. A. can t B. mustn t C. needn t D. shouldnt 【解析】答案为A。根据所提供的情景“Theres no light on” 可判断出他们不可能在家。mustn t 后接动词原形 表示 “ 禁止,不准 ” ,不用于表示猜测、推测或判断。needn t意为 “ 没必要 ” 。shouldnt意为 “ 不应该 ” 。 I v

30、e take someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harry s. He always wears green. A. has to beB. will beC.mustn t beD. could be 【解析】答案为D。根据上下文“could”在这里表示可能性。根据所提供的情景“He always wears green. ”可判 断出这件毛衣可能是哈利的。 The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A

31、. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn t have taken D. mustn t have taken 【解析】 答案为 C。句意: 昨天结果证明天气晴朗,所以我本来就没有必要麻烦带伞的。needn t have taken the trouble 意为 “ 本来没有必要” 。 2013.8.27 As you worked late yesterday, you _have come this morning. A. mayn t B. can t C. mustn t D. needn t 【解析】 答案为 D。 needn

32、t have + 过去分词表示“ 过去做了没必要做的事情” 。 根据所提供的情景“as you worked late yesterday”可判断出今天早上没有必要来这么早(可实际上来早了)。 I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there. A. could B. must C. might D. should 【解析】答案为D。根据句子意思“ 本该开车送他去的(但是没有做)” 可以得出答案。 I m sorry. I _at you the other day. Forget i

33、t. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn t shout C. mustn t shout D. mustn t have shouted 【解析】答案为B。句意: “ 对不起,几天前我本不应该朝你大喊大叫的。”“不要放在心上。我自己有点情绪失 控。 ”shouldnt have done sth.表示 “ 本不应该做某事(但做了)” 。 Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You _read widely and put a lot of work into it. A.

34、 must B. should C. must have D. should have 【解析】答案为C。说话人听到对方说“I have got A for my term paper”,据此来推断对方一定是读了好多书, 花费了大量的心血。“must have+ 过去分词 ” 表示对过去发生事情较有把握的推测。 He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn t D. can t 【解析】答案为B。根据语境判断,

35、此处用must have done 表示“肯定已经 , ”。本句含义为:他肯定已经 完成工作了;否则他现在不会在海边玩。 Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You it in the wrong place. 来源 学。科。网Z 。 X。X。 K A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 【解析】 答案为 D。根据句意 “ 你可能昨天放错了地方” 可知, 应用 might have put 表示 “ 对过去情况较为肯定的 猜测

36、” 。 She have left school, for her bike is still here. A. can tB. wouldntC. shouldn t D. needn t 【解析】答案为A。由下文 “for her bike is still here”可知 “ 她不可能离开了学校” ,故选 C 项。 Thank you for all your hard work las t week. I dont think weit without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can hav

37、e managed 【解析】答案为B。couldnt have+ 过去分词表示“( 过去 )不可能 ” 。主意否定的转移,否则就不可能正确理解句 子的意思。句意:感谢你上个星期所做的艰苦努力。我想如果没有你我们就不可能把它做好的。 He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 【解析】答案为A。could have done表示 “ 本来可以 ” 。句意:尽管他本来可以免费进去的,但他还是买了 票。解本题的关键在于“when ” 一词,在本句中表示“ 尽管,虽然 ” 。 D

38、课后巩固 1. How you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?(2001上海 ) A. can B. must C. need D. may 2.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my home town.(2002上海 ) A. w

39、ouldn t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 3.-Is John coming by train?-He should but he not. He likes driving his car(NMET2002) A. must B. can C. need D. may 答案 D 考点本题考查情态动词的用法。 解析从所提供的情景He likes driving his car.可以看出John 既可能乘火车来, 也可能自己开车来。所以要把 may 用于否定句中, 表示部分否定地推测。 4. -I d

40、on t mind telling you what I know. -You .Im not asking you for it.(NMET2004江苏 ) A. mustntB. may not C. can t D. needn t 5. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, ” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 2013.8.27 6. -Isn t that Ann s h

41、usband over there?-No, it be him-I m sure he doesn t wear glasses.(NMET2004) A. can t B. must not C. won t D. may not 答案 A 考点考查否定的推断。 解析 cant 不可能; must not 不许; wont 将不会; may not 可能不。 根据 “Im sure he doesn t wear glasses (我确信他不戴眼镜) ”可知 , 说话者的态度是:不可能是他。 7. -Who is the girl standing over there? -Well, i

42、f you know, her name is Mabel.( NMET2004 天津) A. may B. can C. must D. shall 答案 C 考点本题考查情态动词的用法。 解析此题中的must 表示“一定要 , 坚持要”。 8. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers not like the design of the furniture.(2004上海 ) A. must B. shall C. may D. need 答案 C 考点本题考查情态动词的用法。 解析根据情景确定情态动

43、词表示“猜测” , may not 表示“可能不”。 9. -Mum, I ve been studying English since 8 o clock. I go out and play with Tom for a while? -No, Im afraid not. Besides, its raining outside now.(NMET2004辽宁 ) A. Can t B. Wouldn t C. May not D. Won t 10. Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this! (2005 全国卷 II

44、I) A. wouldntB. mustntC. needn tD. may not 答案 B 考点考查情态动词。 解析 wouldn t 用以提示客气的请求;mustnt 表示禁止 , 不允许; neednt 表示没必要; may not 表示不可 以。根据语境要求Tom 不许把衣服放在地板上。 11. John, look at the time You play the piano at such a late time? (05 全国卷 ) A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need 答案 A 考点本题考查情态动词的用法。 解析 must 在此处显示出说话人的不快, 有

45、 “难道非要”的意思。 12. This cake is very sweet. You a lot of sugar in it. (2005 辽宁卷 ) A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put 答案 D 考点本题考查情态动词的用法。 解析句意为:这蛋糕, 非常甜。你一定放了许多糖在里面。 13. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it be very slow. (05 浙江卷 ) A. s

46、hould B. must C. will D. can 答案 D 考点本题考查情态动词的用法。 解析此处表达一种可能性, 要用 can, 其他三项都表示主观情态。should 应该 , 义务 , must 必须 , 一定 , will 将 会, 都与句意不符。 14. -Lucy doesn t mind lending you her dictionary. -She . I ve already borrowed one. (2005 湖南卷 ) A. can tB. mustntC. needn tD. shouldnt 答案 C 2013.8.27 考点考查情态动词的辨析。 解析根据后面的句子“Ive already borrowed one”说明她没必要借字典给我了, 故选 C 项。 15.If I plan to do anything I wanted to, I d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (湖北) A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to 答案 B 考点本题考查情态动词的用法。 解析句意为:如果我能计划做任何想做的事, 我想去西藏尽可能地游览一

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