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1、1 【闵行区】 (C) The recession (衰退 ) of 2008-09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity, the following recovery for its weakness. The labour market has also broken the rules, as new research from the OECD, a think-tank of mainly rich countries, shows in its annual Employment Outlook. Young peo
2、ple always suffer in recessions Employers stop hiring them; and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss. But in previous episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial cris
3、is in 2008 and since, they have done better than other age groups. The researchers focus on movements in “ non-employment ” as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment, where peo
4、ple are looking for work, but also inactivity, where people are not seeking jobs. Whereas the average non-employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one-and-a-half points among 25-to 54-year-olds, it has fallen by two points among the 55-64 age group. W
5、hy have older employees done so well? In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers, but that did not really help them in past recessions. What has changed, says Stefano Scarpetta, head of the OECD s employment directorate, is that firms now bea
6、r the full costs of getting rid of older staff. In the past, early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped. Many will argue that older workers have
7、done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded. First, it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another; there is no fixed amount of work. And second, as the report shows, young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do dif
8、ferent types of work in different types occupations: younger people are keen on IT films, for example, whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries. There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless, but kicking older workers out of the workplace is no
9、t one of them. 63.By saying “ The labor market has also broken the rules” , the author means _. A. younger employees were protected by the government. 2 B. young employees suffered moderation in labour market. C. old employees suffered very little in the labour market. D. The recession has little im
10、pact on labour market. 64.What do you know a bout “ early-retirement policies” mentioned in the 4 paragraph? A. They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect. B. They have effectively helped young employees. C. They financially supported the elderly people. D. They have gain popular it
11、 in southern European countries. 65.The word “ fallacy” (in the last paragraph)probably means” _ “. A. common belief B. wrong concept. B. acceptable assumption D. wise statement 66.Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Early-retirement policies should have been well adopted by gover
12、nments. B. Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries. C. Supportive polices should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs. D. Old people s remaining in jobs necessary threaten young people s jobs. 答案： 63. C 64. A 65. B 66. D 解析 1. 推断题： 根据文章第二段第三、四、五句But in previous epi
13、sodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups. 可知，但在以往 时期，比如上世纪70 年代、 80 年代和 90 年代的经济衰退中，老员工也被解雇了。这次的 3 情况有所不同。在2008 年金融危机期间以及之后，他们（老
14、员工）的表现都比其他年龄段 的人要好。由此可推知，“劳动力市场也打破了规则”指的就是老员工在劳动力市场上受的 影响很小，这和过去的情况有所不同。故C 项正确。 A 项， “年轻员工受到政府的保护”。 文章并未提及， 不符合文意。 故 A 项错误。B 项，“年轻员工在劳动力市场受到的冲击较小”。 根据文章第二段第一句Young people always suffer in recessions. 可知，年轻人总是在经济衰 退中受影响。故B 项错误。 D 项， “经济衰退对劳动力市场几乎没有影响”。根据文章第二 段第一、二句Young people always suffer in recess
15、ions. Employers stop hiring them, and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss. 可知，年轻人总是在经济衰退中 受苦。雇主不再雇佣他们，而且他们经常解雇新员工，因为他们更容易被解雇。由此可知， 经济衰退对劳动力市场，尤其是年轻员工影响更大。故D 项错误。故正确答案为C。 2. 细节题：根据文章第四段倒数第一、二句In the past, early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mist
16、aken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped. 可知，过去，政府提供的提前 退休政策 （错误地认为这些政策会帮助年轻人）降低了把白发工人赶出公司的成本。这些基 本上已经停止。由此可知，事实证明，它们（提前退休政策）用处不大，几乎不再有效。 故正确答案为A。 3. 推断题： 根据文章最后一段第二句That view is wrongheaded. 可知，那种观点是错误的。
17、由此可推知， 下文在解释这种观点的不对之处，错误的第一点就是认为一个人找到工作就意 味着另一个人失去了工作，（实际上）不存在固定的工作量。由此可推知，fallacy 与“错误 的观念”是近义词，fallacy 意为“谬论” ，故 B 项正确。 A 项， “共同的信念” ， C 项， “可 接受的假设” ，D 项， “明智的声明” ，均不符合文意。故正确答案为B。 4. 推断题：根据文章最后一段第一、二句Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wro
18、ngheaded. 可知，许多人会说，年长的员工（在经 济衰退中） 做得更好是以牺牲年轻员工为代价的。那种观点是错误的。由此可推知，作者会 赞成的观点是：老年人继续工作并不一定会威胁到年轻人的工作。故D 项正确。 A 项， “提 前退休政策本应得到政府的广泛采纳”，B 项， “应该鼓励年轻人进入传统行业”，C 项， “当 危机发生时，应该制定扶持政策来帮助老年人”，文章并未提及，不符合文意。 故正确答案为D。 词汇积累： recession 衰退remarkable 卓越的intensity 强度、强烈recovery 恢复 think-tank智囊团Employment Outlook就业前
19、景recruits 征募dismiss 解雇 episodes 插曲whereas 然而directorate 董事会grey-haired workers 老员工 4 wrongheaded 固执的fallacy谬论substitutes 替补、替代品occupations 职业 folk 民族、人们moderation 适度、温和 长难句： 1、The recession (衰退 ) of 2008-09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity, the following recovery for its weakness.
20、2、The labour market has also broken the rules , as new research from the OECD, a think-tank of mainly rich countries, shows in its annual Employment Outlook. 【浦东区】 (C) One of the features of a successful business is its ability to employ creativity to constantly push into new territory. Without grow
21、th and innovation, businesses eventually fade away. Those with staying power, however, have mastered an often-overlooked factor that allows them to focus on the future clearly: empathy( 共情 ). While that may surprise many, I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others empathy in
22、its purest form is the force that moves businesses forward. Though the concept of empathy might go against the modern concept of a traditional workplacecompetitive, the reality is that for business leaders to experience success, they need to not just see or hear the activity around them, but also re
23、late to the people they serve. Some may think they want the results from doggedly(顽强地 ) pursuing their goals without much thought for other people. This attitude works for some, but at some point often sooner rather than latereveryone needs to rely on their relationships and established personal and
24、 professional connections. These relationships are the product of taking an honest and dedicated interest in others and their businesses. Successful people do not operate alone; each of us needs the support of others to achieve positive results that push us toward our goals. True empathy combines un
25、derstanding both the emotional and the logical rationale(根据 ) that goes into every decision. Effectively understanding empathy involves viewing it as each person s connection to the people and marketplace that surround them. A biological principle known as co-evolution explains that the adaptation o
26、f an organism is caused by the change of a related object. Similarly, businesses and their leaders participate in co-evolution-type relationships. Business success depends on empathetic leaders who are able to adapt, build on the strengths around them, and relate to their environment. When businesse
27、s fail, it is often because leaders have stopped focusing 5 on understanding their environment and instead stay separated in their own operations. Successful business leaders are receptive to disturbance and aware of what is going on in their organizations both internally and externally. To develop
28、an effective workforce, we must be willing to give in and meet people where they are. This can be frustrating and uncomfortable, particularly when you feel like your position makes more sense or offers a better solution. A critical part of developing empathy, however, is learning to understand, resp
29、ect and implement another individual s point of view rather than forcing your own. 63. In the author s opinion, if a company wants to achieve success, it must _. A. frequently develop in new areas B. always stay pure and powerful C. concentrate on its future development D. value much thought for oth
30、ers 64. It can be inferred from the passage that _. A. empathy generally depends on logical reasons B. supports from others help to achieve ambitions C. competition rarely exists in traditional workplaces D. striving for goals on one s own is the key to success 65. Which of the following examples ca
31、n best illustrate the co-evolution principle? A. The boss is too occupied to realize that his employees income is below the average. B. The head of the news agency offers little bonus to the journalists who work extra hours. C. The principal promises flexible working hours after the school moves to
32、the countryside. D. The factory director insists on increasing the output despite the declining market demand. 66. What can be the best title of this passage? 6 A. Empathy and Business Success B. The Formation of Empathy C. Empathy and Aggressiveness D. The Importance of Empathy 答案： 6366 DBCA 解析 1.
33、推断题：根据文章第一段倒数第一句中I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others empathy in its purest form is the force that moves businesses forward. 可 知“我” 确信与他人联系的能力是推动企业前进的力量。由此推断出作者认为如果一个公司 想要成功， 它必须多为他人着想。故 D 项正确。 A 项意为 “经常开发新领域” ，B 项意为“永 远保持纯洁和强大” ，C 项意为“专注于未来的发展”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。 2. 推断题：根
34、据文章第三段倒数第二句中each of us needs the support of others to achieve positive results that push us toward our goals 可知我们每个人都需要他人的支持来取得积极的 成果，推动我们朝着目标前进。B 项“来自他人的支持有助于实现抱负”，符合文意。故B 项正确。 A 项， “共情通常取决于逻辑原因”。文章未提及。故A 项错误。 C 项， “传统的工 作场所很少存在竞争” 。根据文章第二段第一句中Though the concept of empathy might go against the mode
35、rn concept of a traditional workplace competitive 可知传统的工作场所存在竞 争。故C 项错误。 D 项， “独自为目标奋斗是成功的关键”。根据文章第三段倒数第二句中 Successful people do not operate alone 可知成功需要的不仅仅是个人的奋斗。故D 项错误。 故正确答案为B。 3. 推断题：根据文章第四段第二句A biological principle known as co-evolution explains that the adaptation of an organism is caused by
36、the change of a related object. 可知共同进化的生物 学原理解释了有机体的适应是由相关物体的变化引起的。由此推断出共同进化原则是指共同 的成功是靠周围的人物及环境共同变化得以实现的。C 项“校长承诺在学校搬到农村后会有 灵活的工作时间” ，体现了适应环境，做出改变， 符合共同进化原则。故 C 项正确。 A 项“老 板太忙了，没有意识到他的雇员的收入低于平均水平”。B 项“这家通讯社的社长很少给加 班的记者发奖金” ，D 项“尽管市场需求下降，厂长仍坚持增产”，这三个例子都没有体现与 周围人物和环境的共同进化，均不符合文意。故正确答案为C。 4. 主旨题：文章主要介
37、绍了共情策略与企业发展的关系。根据文章第一段最后一句While that may surprise many, I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others 7 empathy in its purest form is the force that moves businesses forward. 和第二段最后一句中 but also relate to the people they serve 和最后一段第一句To develop an effective workforce, we must be
38、 willing to give in and meet people where they are. 可知文章阐述了共情与企业成功 的关系。故A 项正确。 B 项， “共情的形成” 。文章并未介绍共情的形成。故B 项错误。 C 项， “共情和侵略性” 。文章讲的是共情与企业成功的关系。故C 项错误。 D 项， “共情的重 要性” 。太过于宽泛，文章主要讲的是共情对企业成功的重要性。故D 项错误。故正确答案 为 A。 词 汇 积 累 ： Territory领 土 、 范 围innovation创 新fade away 逐 渐 消 失 often-overlooked 常常会忽略的empathy
39、 共情purest 纯的go against 违反、反对 doggedly顽 强 地dedicated 专 注 的rationale基 本 原 理marketplace 市 场 co-evolution 共同演化、 进化receptive 善于接受的disturbance 干扰、骚扰internally and externally 内部地和外部地critical决定性的、评论的implement实施、执行 striving for 努力bonus 奖金journalists 新闻记者 长难句： Though the concept of empathy might go against th
40、e modern concept of a traditional workplacecompetitive, the reality is that for business leaders to experience success, they need to not just see or hear the activity around them, but also relate to the people they serve. 【普陀区】 (C) Is Paperless Office Really Paperless? A rising economy increased pap
41、er sales by 6 to 7 percent each year in the early to mid-1990s, and the convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to print anything and everything. In 2004, Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director, said that plain white office paper would see less than a 4 percent growth rate,
42、a primary reason for which is that some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices. For office innovators, the dream of paperless office is an example of high-tech arrogance (傲 慢). Today s office service is overwhelmed by more newspapers
43、 than ever before. After decades of development, the American government can finally get rid of the madness on paper. In the past, the demand for paper has been far ahead of growth in the American economy, but the sales have 8 slowed markedly over the past two to three years, despite the good econom
44、ic conditions. “ Old habits are hard to break,” says Ms. Dunn. “ There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn t work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness. ” Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication
45、 systems.Escaping our eagerness for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair. “ We re finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace,” says John Maine, vice president of a paper economic consulting firm. “M ore information is being transmitted ele
46、ctronically, and an increasing number of people are satisfied that information exists only in electronic form without printing multiple backups. To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox is developing electronic paper: thin digital
47、displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Marks can be erased or saved digitally. Even with such technological advances, the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper. “ The information industry today is composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electroni
48、c core, ” Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core is far larger and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all. “ That s one of the greatest ironies of the information age, ” Saffo says. “ It s j
49、ust common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet.” 63. Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for the slowdown in American paper sales? A. Workforce with better computer skills. B. Slow growth of the U.S. economy. C. Changing patterns in paper use. D. Changing employment trends. 64. What does the last sentence in Para. 3 mean? A. We have to look at paper consumption from differen