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1、2009 年高考完型填空专题指导及练习 (考查目标 ) 该题旨在考查考生在阅读理解基础上综合运用词汇知识、语法知识的能力， 着重考查对语篇的理解和对实词的运用。涉及阅读理解能力、词汇辨析能力、 分析判断能力、 逻辑推理能力、语篇能力。 (考查内容 )从涉及文章内容的范围分有2 类,语篇题和句子题;从考查的角度分有3类,上下 文关系类 ,词语理解和搭配类,语法知识运用类;从考查的具体内容分则有更多类型。 1 217 个以上；主要是动词、 名词、形容词、副词等。在实词中又以动词为主，动词1/3 以上； 3 4。 具体表现为几种类型： 细节理解型，既考查对词汇、语法知识的理解，又考查对文章细节内容的
2、领会。 线索理解型，即在事物发展的过程中设空。 逻辑推理型，即在事物发展的过程中设置环节、设置因果关系、设置逻辑障碍。 文化背景型，即针对材料所在地特别是英语国家的史地知识、文化背景、生活常识、人 文状况等出的题。 语言搭配型，即指主要是动词、名词、介词的搭配，还有惯用法。 语言形式型，指语法知识运用，这类题一般在20 题中有 1-2 个。 词语辨析型，选项为近义近形的干扰题。 综合判断型，是聚情节、词语、语法为一体的题,难度较大。 (考查重点 ) 1.语篇为主 ,语篇题占一半以上; 2.单词为主 ,18-20 个 ; 3.实词为主 ,17 个以上 ; 4.动词为主 ,占 1/3 左右 ; 5
3、.词语意义理解为主。 （试卷特点） 1. 题材源于生活，具有一定的文化背景。一般是叙议结合,以叙为主的体裁。 2突出语篇理解。对词语的综合运用的考查绝大部分在语篇层次上完成，语篇题占多数。 3突出对实词和词语意义延身和拓展的考查。考查实词的题在17 个以上。 4突出对动词的考查。考查动词的题占1/3 以上。 5选项具有干扰性，每个题中干扰较大的选项至少有一个。 解题引路 流程：1.精读提示句 (首句 )，预测语篇大意，走近答案。2.粗读文章，了解大意，解决易题。 3.复读文章，前后关联，消除疑难。4.纵览全局，排除干扰，攻克难关。 5.根据题类，区别对待，对症用法。完型填空题有： (1)细节锁
4、定法 细节理解题，既考查对词汇、语法知识的理解，又考查对文章细节内容的领会。 准确理解文章关于人物、事物、现象、观点的具体叙述，对细节进行分析、比较、甄别， 依据材料本身进行判断。 (2)线索追踪法 线索理解题， 即在事物发展的过程中设空，或前或后有暗示， 有的题在前， 暗示在后， 有的暗示在前，题目在后。对线索题要掌握主旨大意，扣住全局内容，答案既要符合单空要 求，又要符合全局要求；要根据情节“ 顺藤摸瓜 ” ，瞻前顾后。即依据空前或空后的暗示选择 答案。 (3) 逻辑推断法 逻辑推理题，即在事物发展的过程中设置环节、设置因果关系、设置逻辑障碍。做此类 题要紧扣主题，围绕细节，归纳概括，演驿
5、推理。 (4)背景吻合法 文化背景题，即针对材料所在地特别是英语国家的史地知识、文化背景、生活常识、人文状 况等出的题。 做此类题要注意中西文化差异，仅仅依据材料和对方国家的史地知识、文化背 景、生活常识、 风俗习惯、 人文状况以及自己已有的知识和经验展开合理分析，要进入角色， 不要 “ 强加于人 ” 。 (5)词语搭配法 语言搭配题，即指主要是动词、名词、介词的搭配，还有惯用法。此类题用词语搭配和惯用 法的知识解解答。通常指名词、 动词、 形容词等能否与句中的空前或空后单词或文中其他词 搭配成词组或固定用法。 (6) 语法分析法 语言形式题， 指语法知识运用。做题时在考虑语言意义的同时还要考
6、虑语言形式，重点是动 词的时态、语态、非谓语动词等该用什么形式以及怎样的语言结构才符合单句和全文的要求。 （7）词义辨析法 甄别单词或短语在意义上和用法上的细微末节区别，如同义词、近义词、反义词、形近异义 词、同形异义词等，准确运用。 （8）主旨限定法 在繁杂的细节中理不出头绪时就要考虑主旨，依据是否符合主旨决定是与非。 （9）复现提示法 同义复现是英语中的一种常见行文现象。为说明某一意思，但又不重复使用某个词语，往往 采取同义词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现等行文方法来表述。在文中，这两个或多个同义 词(组) 的位置多半比较靠近，容易找到， 所以只要确定了相关词语是同义不同形,理解文意、 判断
7、答案就容易多了。 （10）意义排同法 高考完型填空题四个选项中只有一个正确答案，因此， 如有两项甚至三项在意义上相同，则 这几项都不是正确答案。 （ 11）结构分析法 一般文章结构上存在总分关系，或由总到分，或由分到总。总述是对分述的总结和概括，分 述是对总述的展开。有的出现在总述中的空的答案，可以在与其对应的分述中找到。从连接 词、指代关系、肯定、否定等也可以了解文章结构。从结构中可以找到相关的答案。 （12）常识判断法 有的题涉及到一些常识，凭经验和常识也能解答少数题。 （13）综合审查法 从语言知识、语法知识、事件情节等多方考虑、多管齐下，综合判断，“ 头头是道 ” 者便是正 确答案。
8、6.审读全文、斟酌推敲，确定答案。为了把握起见，最后要带着答案，再读全文，看看“ 完 型” 是否全部正确，被“ 完型 ” 后的文章结构是否完整，逻辑是否顺畅，行文是否得体，情理 是否通达，语言形式是否正确。如果各项都顺就要坚心不疑。 能力锤炼 1夯实词汇知识，特别是动词、形容词、副词、名词，达到能综合运用的程度。 2掌握语法基本知识、结合词义、语境运用。 3培养阅读能力、采用扫读、跳读、点读等不同的方法对待不同试题和材料。 4致力培养语篇能力，围绕问题寻找相关信息，归纳概括出中心。 5进行有效训练，培养完型能力。 完形填空这一题型重点考查考生对语境意义的理解以及常用的一些固定搭配。考查实 词（
9、包括名词、动词、形容词等）较多，因此，突破这一题型的方法重在精讲精练，让考 生积累一些固定搭配以及一些常用的实词的用法。 完形填空精讲精练(20 篇) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从120 各题所给的四个选项（A、B、 C 和 D）中， 选出最佳选项。 （一） A Strange Greeting, a True Feeling Last week I was invited to a doctor s meeting at the Ruth hospital for incurables. In one of the wards a patient, an old man, got up
10、shakily from his bed and moved towards me. I could see that he hadnt long to 1 , but he came up to me and placed his right foot close mine on the floor. “ Frank ！” I cried in astonishment.He couldnt 2 , as I knew, but all the time 3 his foot against mine. My 4 raced back more than thirty years to th
11、e 5 days of 1941, when I was a student in London. The 6 was an air-raid shelter, in which I and about hundred other people slept every night. Two of the regulars were Mrs. West and her son Frank. 7 wartime problems, we shelter-dwellers got to 8 each other very well. Frank West 9 me because he wasnt1
12、0 , not even at birth. His mother told me he was 37 then, but he had 11 of a mind than a baby has. His “12 ” consisted of rough soundssounds of pleasure or anger and 13 more. Mrs. West, then about 75, was a strong, capable woman, as she had to be, of course, because Frank 14 on her entirely. He need
13、ed all the 15 of a baby. One night a policeman came and told Mrs. West that her house had been flattened by a 500-pounder. She 16 nearly everything she owned. When that sort of thing happened, the rest of us helped the 17 ones. So before we 18 that morning, I stood beside Frank and 19 my right foot
14、against his. They were about the same size. That night, then, I took a pair of shoes to the shelter for frank. But as soon as he saw me he came running and placed his right foot against mine. After that, his 20 to me was always the same. 1Awork Bstay Clive Dexpect 2Aanswer Bspeak Csmile Dlaugh 3Acov
15、ering Bmoving Cfighting Dpressing 4Aminds Bmemories Cthoughts Dbrains 5Abetter Bdark Cyounger Dold 6Acave Bplace Csight Dscene 7ADiscussing BSolving CSharing DSuffering 8Alearn from Btalk to Chelp Dknow 9Aneeded Brecognized Cinterested Dencouraged 10 A normal Bcommon Cunusual Dquick 11 A more Bworse
16、 Cfewer Dless 12 A word Bspeech Csentence Dlanguage 13 A not Bno Csomething Dnothing 14 A fed Bkept Clived Ddepended 15 A attention Bcontrol Ctreatment Dmanagement 16 A lost Bneeded Cdestroyed Dleft 17 A troublesome Bunlucky Cangry Dunpopular 18 A separated Bwent Creunited Dreturned 19 A pushed Btri
17、ed Cshowed Dmeasured 20 A nodding Bgreeting Cmeeting Dacting 参考答案及解析 15 CADBB 610 DCDCA 1115 DBBDA 1620 ABADB 1C 上文的 “ incurables“ 表明这位老人是不治之症患者，存活的时间不会太长。 2A 我叫他名字 , 他不会回答。 3 D 由下文暗示可知， 37 岁的 Frank 不如一个婴儿的智力。他不能用语言回答别人的问话， 但内心有一定的反应，因此一见到我便将右脚靠着我的右脚以示问候。 4B Frank 的这一举动使我的记忆一下子回到了30 年前。 5B 下文交待 30 年
18、前作者的生活， 二战期间他只能住在防空洞中，生活很苦，只能用 “dark” 来形容当年的岁月。 6D 作者回忆30 年前的生活，头脑中出现了防空洞的情景。 7C ；8D 在战争问题上由于拥有共同的话题，我们这些防空洞居住者逐渐了解了对方。 9C ；10 A 一个 37 岁的人智力却不正常，这一现象逐渐吸引了我的注意。 11 D 尽管 Frank 已经 37 岁，但智力还不如一个婴儿。 12 B；13B 他的讲话仅体现了内心的快乐和愤怒，没有更多实在的内容。 14 D； 15A West 夫人不得不强壮而又有能力，因为Frank 完全依靠于她，他需要婴儿 似的全部照料。 16 A 她几乎失去了一
19、切。 17 B West 夫人遭受这么大的损失，大家尽力帮助这不幸的一家人。 18 A ；19 D ；20 B 那天早上临走前，我站在 Frank 身边， 将我的右脚靠着Frank 的右脚以便量出他脚的大小，目的是为他买一双鞋子。Frank 将我的这一动作看成是问候的 表现，从此他就用这一动作来问候我，这就有了本文开头的那种情景。 双向细目表 词法重点词汇： share, attend （二） A newly trained teacher named Mary went to teach at a Navajo Indian reservation. Every day, she would
20、 ask five of the young Navajo students to _1_ the chalkboard and complete a simple math problem from 2 homework. They would stand there, silently, 3 to complete the task. Mary couldn t figure it out.4 she had studied in her educational curriculum helped, and she 5 hadn t seen anything like it in her
21、 student-teaching days back in Phoenix. What am I doing wrong? Could I have chosen five students who can t do the 6 ? Mary would wonder. No, 7 couldn t be that. Finally she 8 the students what was wrong. And in their answers, she learned a 9 lesson from her young 10 pupils about self-image and a(n)
22、11 of self-worth. It seemed that the students 12 each other s individuality and knew that 13 of them were capable of doing the problems. 14 at their early age, they understood the senselessness of the win-lose approach in the classroom. They believed no one would 15 if any students were shown up or
23、embarrassed at the 16 . So they 17 to compete with each other in public. Once she understood, Mary changed the system 18 she could check each child s math problem individually, but not at any child s expense 19 his classmates. They all wanted to learn, 20 not at someone else s expense. 1 Ago to Bcom
24、e to Cget close to Dbring 2 Ahis Btheir Chis own Dher 3 Ahappy Bwillingly Creadily Dunwilling 4 AAnything BNothing CEverything DNeither 5 Aalmost Bcertainly Chardly Dnever 6 Aquestion Bchalkboard Cproblem Dhomework 7 Athey Bit Ceverything Deach 8 Aasked Bquestioned Ctold Dunderstood 9 Aoutstanding B
25、surprising Cannoying Dfrightening 10 A sunburned Btender CIndian Dnaughty 11Asense Bimage Cway Daspect 12 A had Bignored Crespected Dcared 13 A none Bno one Ceach Dnot all 14 A Especially BEven though CEven so DEven 15 A lose Bwin Cachieve Danswer 16 A time Bsituation Cchalkboard Dcondition 17 A ref
26、used Brejected Ctried Dpromised 18 A if Bso that Cunless Din case 19 A in favour of Bof Cby means of Din front of 20 A and Bbut Cso Dor 参考答案及解析 15 ABDBB 6 10 CBABC 1115 ACDDB 1620 CABDB 1A每天让五个Navajo Indian （纳瓦霍印第安）学生上黑板做简单的数学题 2B根据上文中的five of the young Navajo students ，这里用 their。 3D学生不愿意在黑板上做。 4B；5
27、B为什么学生不愿在黑板上做？ary 弄不明白了。她在教育课程中学到的东西 也不能帮助她弄清这个问题，且她在Phoenix 教学生的那些日子当然不会遇到这样的事情。 6Cary 开始反思：是不是我选了五个不会做这道题的学生？ 7B情况不是那样。这里用it，代指上文提到的事情。 8A根据下文的“answers” ，这里应该用asked。 9B；10C；11A ary 从纳瓦霍印第安小学生了解到他们的自我形象意识和自尊感， 这令她感到惊讶。 12他们尊重彼此的个性。表示“尊重”用“respected” 。 13他们知道并不是所有的学生都能做出那些数学题。“并不是所有的”表示部分否定，用 “not a
28、ll” 。 14 D even 在这里表示强调。 15 B； 16他们认为如果任何人在黑板前被揭露出不会做或者感到尴尬，他们都会 成为失败者。 17他们拒绝在公共场所彼此竞争。这里要用“refuse” ，reject含有“拒绝接受”之意。 18 sothat“以便”。 19 in front of his classmates 在同学面前。 20 but表示转折。 双向细目表 词法重点词汇 : 不定代词nothing，连词 sothat，动词 refuse，respect (三 ) During a recent holiday I visited Dusseldorf, a city in
29、the former West Germany. The nine-day trip left a deep impression 1me. I arrived at Dussedorf airport at 7 pm. It was already2 outside. The first thing I needed to do was to find a place to 3 . I decided to telephone the youth hotel. But to use the phone I needed some 4 , I asked a lady for help. To
30、 my5she gave me three coins to use. But all the phones in the 6needed phone cards. And phone cards could only be bought at post offices during the 7. I was8 I would not be able to call the hotel. An old gentleman helped me. He couldn t speak English 9 understand that I needed to 10a phone call. He s
31、howed me where the phone was and inserted 11phone carDI called the youth hotel and found a place to stay that night. The 12of the German people made me feel that I was not 13my first day in Germany wasn t as14as I expecteDWhenever I went, I asked people for 15. It surprised me that 16every young Ger
32、man could speak English fluently. Older Germans couldnt speak English very well, but they would try to help me 17they coulD One middle-aged man I asked for directions even 18me to the place I was looking for. My 19in Germany totally changed my impression of Germans. Now I think the people couldnt be
33、 more 20. 1 Aon Bfor Cto Dabout 2 Alate Bdark Clight Dearly 3 Avisit Beat Cstay Dkeep 4 Acards Binformation Cmoney Dcoins 5 Ajoy Bdisappointment Cemotion Dsurprise 6 Ahotel Bairport Ccity Dpavement 7 Anight Bdaytime Ctrip Drush-hour 8 Aafraid Bsure Cglad Deager 9 Aor Bbut Cand Dso 10 A make Bhave Cd
34、o Danswer 11 A another Ba Cmy Dhis 12 A use Bsuccess Ccare Dkindness 13 A really Bnearly out of Cfar from Dclose to 14 A interesting Bgood Cbad Dbusy 15 A direction Bdistance Ctravel Dserve 16 A almost Beven Conly Dalready 17 A whenever Bwhatever Cwherever Dhowever 18 A drove Breached Cmoved Dcame 1
35、9 A experience Bvictory Cvisit Dmemory 20Afriendly Bunfriendly Ccold-hearted Dvaluable 参考答案及解析 1 A to leave a deep impression on sb 意为给某人留下了深刻的印象。 2 B 前面提到at 7pm 。那么肯定是再说天黑了。 3 C 根据语境是想找个旅馆住下来。 4 D 打电话当然是需要硬币。 5 D 没想到这位女士会给他三个硬币，这使他很吃惊。 6 B 刚下飞机当然是在飞机场。 7 B 因为现在是晚上，当然是指在白天可以在邮局买到。 8 A 根据语境恐怕不能给旅馆打电话
36、了。 9 B 虽然不会说英语但明白我需要打电话。 10 A make a phone call 打电话之意。 11 D 根据上下文，插进了他的电话卡。 12 D 从上文可知当然是这个德国人的好意。 13 C 承接上文感觉不是远离家乡.far from 远离。 14 C 语意是不像想象的那么坏。 15 A 指问方向。 16 A 几乎每个德国青年都能说流利的英语。 17 A 指无论什么时候都能帮我。 18 A 甚至开车把我送到我要找的地方。 19 A 指此次去德国的经历。 20 A 指德国人非常友好。 双向细目表 重点词汇 : leave a deep impression on sb.; mak
37、e a phone call (四 ) My father often works very harD And he has 1 to see a film. Here I ll tell you 2 about him. One afternoon, when he finished his work and3go home, he found a film ticket under the4 on his desk. He thought he5to have not much work to do that day and 6 was quite wonderful to pass th
38、e7 at the cinemA So he came back home and8 finished his supper. Then he said 9 to us and left. But to our 10, he came back about half an hour later, I 11 him what was the matter. He smiled and told us about 12 funny thing that had happened at the cinema. When my father was sitting in his seat, a 13
39、came to my fathers and said that the seat was 14 . y father was surpriseD He took out the ticket 15 looked at it carefully. It was Row17, 16 . And then he looked at the seat. It was the same. So he asked her 17 her ticket. She took out the ticket at once and the seat shown in it was Row 17, Seat 3.
40、18? Whats the matter with all this? While they were wondering suddenly the woman said, “ The 19 of the tickets are different.” So they looked at the ticket more carefully. After a while, my father said, “ Oh, 20 , I made a mistake. My ticket is for the film a month ago. Take this seat, please.” With
41、 these words, he left the cinema. 1 Alittle money Bmuch money Clittle time Dmuch time 2 Aa funny story Ba good story Can old story Da strange story 3 Awas to Bwas about to Chad to Dought 4 Abox Bbook Cglass Dpaper 5 Ahappened Bliked Cpretended Dwanted 6 Ait Bthis Cthat Dwhich 7 Amorning Bafternoon C
42、day Devening 8 Aearly Bquietly Cquickly Dsuddenly 9 Ahello Bgood-bye Cgood evening Dgood night 10 A disappointment Bjoy Csorrow Dsurprise 11 A asked Bexplained Ctold Dwanted 12 A a Bone Csome Dthe 13 A man Bwoman Cdoctor Dnurse 14 A hers Bhis Ctaken Dwrong 15 A and Bbut Cor Dso 16 A Seat1 BSeat2 CSe
43、at3 DSeat4 17 A it bring Bto get Cto see Dto show 18 A Why BHow CWhen Dwhere 19 A designs Bcolors Cprices Downers 20 A I m sadBI m sorryCI m wrong DI m worried 参考答案及解析 15 CABCA 610 ADCBD 11 15 ADBAA 16 20 CDABB 1 C 根据前一句，此句应为“ 他很少去看电影” 故选 C。 2 A 通读全文，可看出这是一件可笑的事情，故选A。 3 B 下午下班，正要打算回家，故选B。在此 A 有较大的干扰
44、性，be to 表示将来时，表 示按计划安排要做的事。 4 C 电影票放在箱子、书、和纸的下面，很难发现，故选C。 5 A 平时工作很忙，那天碰巧有时间，故选A。 6 A 分析此句的结构可以看出，to pass the night at the cinema 应为主语，故it 作形式主 语，选A。 7 D 下午下班后接下来的时间应是晚上，故选D。 8 C 下午下班回到家再吃饭，时间显然不充裕，故选C。 9 B 从家里出去看电影，向家人告别，故选B。 10 D 电影不可能这么快就结束，故我们吃惊。选D。 11 A 因为吃惊，我问他是怎么回事，选A。 12 D Thing 有后置定语，且特指某一件
45、事，故选D。 13 B 从后句 “ so he asked her”得知选 B。 14 A C 和 D 项有较大干扰性，taken 意为 “ 占领 ” ， wrong 意为 “ 错的 ” ，在此，这位妇 女向 my father 说这座位是她的。 15 A and 连接两个先后的动作，故选A。 16 C 从“ It was the same”与 “ Row17, Seat3”判断，选C。 17 D 因为 my father 确信他没有错，故他让那位妇女拿出票让他看一看是否她错了，故 选 D。 18 A 出现两张同是Row17, Seat3 的票， my father 纳闷，故选A。 19 B
46、两张票座号相同，只是颜色不同，故选B。在此 A 有较大干扰性，电影院是以票 的颜色的不同来方便检查日期的。 20 B 因为 my father 出了错，故向那位妇女道歉，选B。 双向细目表 重点词汇 : 并列连词and; be about to (五 ) I remember vividly the call that changed my life. It was Tuesday, February 18When the 1 rang in the kitchen of my Los Angeles, the 2 was Marty Banderas, a literary agent to
47、 whom I had sent a draft( 草稿)of my novel three weeks earlier. “ I have a couple of3 . ” Banderas saiD“ First, how old are you?” “ Im 48,” I replieD“ Are you in good 4 ?” “ Yes, excellent. What s this about? ” “ I ve sold your novels5 one and a half million dollars.” I sat down in 6 . I had written fourteen novels in twenty years, but each one had been 7 by the publishers. I suppose many people would have been 8 , but not me. Each time, I just 9 writing another one. My husband advised me to find something else to do, but I refused to 10 up.