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1、秋风清，秋月明，落叶聚还散，寒鸦栖复惊。 新目标初中英语总复习资料精醃讲义 八种动词时态，有的只要求达到理解层次，有的则要求达到熟练运用层次。至少其中五 种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的，而几其考查方式肯定不会以某一时态的独 立形式出现，而是时态的综合运川，尤其要重视各种时态Z 间的区别。 找出它们 ZI可的不同冠词的用法 . 现以冠词为例： 1 .John was given _ orange bag for his birthday but _ bag was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,thc C.thc,a D. an,the 2. Theres _
2、 old tree near _ house? A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the.a 3. There is _ 800-metre-long road behind _ hospitaLA.au,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a.the 4. _ good,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a 5. _ bad weather!I hope it wont last long.A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 6. _ they are listening to the t
3、eacher! A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.What carefully 由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感叹句是必考内容。同样，象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、主谓 语一致、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等，无一 不在考查之列。所有这一切语言基础知识，我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析，展开讨论, 分层 展示难易对比，系统归纳。对于语言基础知识是这样处理，那么对以能力测试为主要口的的中 考具他试题形式乂该怎么办呢？这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例： A poor fanner had never left his
4、small village. After he(l) a lot of money,he decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel(旅馆) in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant( 餐馆)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter( 服务员 )(4)him to the tabic,took his order and went away.Whcn he
5、 turned and (5)thc farmer again,he had a (6)!Thc farmer had tied( 系) his table cloth round his (7). The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a morning.sir.Would you like a haircut?0 B.donft C.wont D. mustnt 10.A.friendly B. tired C.sad D.ter 要求考生从所给
6、的选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺，结构完整。 对此， 考生必须通篇考虑，不能拿來就做，那样必然顾此失彼，前后意思不得连贯。目前的小 考完 型还侧重于语法，这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断理解。 在解这类题时，必须掌握“词感现彖”，注意学会区分“干扰项”。所谓词感，“(he sense of word“是指一种对词或词群的感受能力。对词的感受力强，在解题时会较为容易地找到它与情娥 的关系。词感并不仅仅指词与词Z 间的细微差界，也并不注重词的搭配与组合，它较多地强调 thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farm
7、er and said in a (10) voice ( 声音) Good 1. A.lent B.m ade C.paid D.gave 2.A.During B.Thoush C.When D. Because 3.A.for B.with C.on D.in 4.A.wanted B.put C.showed D.brought 5 Alooked at B. watched C.saw D.found 6.AJook B.rest C.table cloth D.surprise 7.A.arm B.neck C.hand D.head 8.A.ask B .tell C.taugh
8、t D.told 9? A.cant 选用恰当的词，以利于对情景作出合乎逻辑的判断。同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的选择项 排除掉了。最后复读一篇全文，就会语感流畅，句意明确。 这儿举例的 H 的是想说明，我从一个鮫高的立意来对中考题型，特别是完形、阅读等，进 行分析、探讨，借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法。 词范( 一丿 这一讲里，主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法，特别是针对同学不易掌握的方怡i。 一、名词关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。 单数可用 a. an來修饰 nJ数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是 a 1. 复数的构成方法 : (1)一般在复
9、数名词后加s,如：dog-dogso (2) 以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词加es, 如：watchwatcheso (3) 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 加 es, 如：country-countrieso 请区别：如果是元咅字母加y 结尾的名词，则只须加s。 如：monkey-monkeys。 以 o结尾的名词，只冇potato( 豆) ，tomato(西红柿 ) 加 cs构成复数。 (5)以 f、fe 结尾的名词 , 变 f、fe为 v 再加 es, 如：knife-kniveso 2.单复数形式相同的词 : sheep sheep, fish fish Chines
10、e Chinese, Japanese Japanese 3. 特殊变化的单词有 : (1 )toothteeth, footfeeth (2)manmen, womanwomen, policeman policemen,Frenchman Frenchmen 请区别： German(德国人) 一 Germans (3)child hildren 4?常以复数形式出现的名词: people（人） , clothes（衣服） , trousers （裤子） glasses （眼镜）， 这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。如：My clothes are （be） newer
11、than yours. 5. 冇些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如: news（消息）， maths（数学）， physics（物理） No news is good news. 6?可用how many, many, a few, few，a lot oG lots of, some, any 等来修饰可数名词复数。How many are there in your pencil-box? （knife） 不可数名词： 1 . 常见的不可数名词有： water, rice , fish , meat, 等。应特别记 medicine,news,wo
12、rk,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood ? 2. 不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread _ over there.（be） 3. 常用 how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any 等来修饰不可数名词。 4. 常用 a piece of,a cup of 等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片而包”这样的意义，bread 仍为不 “J 数名词，不加 s,而 piece则门 J加 s。BP: twopiecesof bread 请区别：可数名词也可用量來
13、表示，如：三箱苹果 three boxes of apples 例： 1 These two pieces of bread_ over there.（be） 2、Could I have three _ .please? A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads 名词的格名词所冇格的构成方法，在名词后加“ s”。如： Tom-TonYs 译为“的”, 若遇上以 s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ 即可。如： TetichersDay , twoweeksholiday, 而不以 s 结尾的复数名
14、词的所有格，仍按惯例加I。如： Childrens Day 关于名词所冇格，应掌握以下几点： 1. 可用名词所有格表示地点。女口：my aunt*s 我姑姑家。 go to the doctors去医生家。 2.表示两人共同拥冇，在最后一个名词后加M 如：Lucy and Lilys 露西和莉莉的 3. 掌握词组 : a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A Kate,my B.Kates,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kates,my 二、冠词 冠词是
15、词汇屮的基础的，也是简单的部分，所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法，归纳起來, 同 学们应该掌握以下儿点：1. 冠词指不定冠词a,an和定冠词 the 2. 不定冠词 an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour,an English car. 请区别： a useful machine 3. 指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the 4. 在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun,the moon,the earth 5. 定冠词 the用于序数词前 , 表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first,the best,in the south 6. 在复数姓氏前加th
16、e,表示 XX 家人，常看成复数。 女 H: The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 7. 在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如: in the box ,behind the chair 8. 特别注意不能用定冠词the的儿个方而： (1)在节日、星期、刀份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。11: in summer,in August 请区别： in the spring of 1945.(这里表示特指，故加the) 一 H 三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football (3)一
17、些固定词组中 , 如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night. 9. 在冇些词组中，冇冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别： in front of 在前面in the hospital在医院里 in the front of 在范围内的前部in hospital (生病) 住院 练习: Theres _ 800-metre-long road behind _ hospital. A.an,an B.a, a C.an, the D.a, the 三、数词 同学们首先应会读会写所冇基数词和序数词，以及与数词冇关的钟点表达法。对数词的考 杳，屮考常采用单选
18、题及听力题，这些题型归纳起来，应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方。 1. 基数词变序数词。其规律为： 1,2,3 特殊记 , 加 th 从 4 起(first,second,third,fourth) 8 少 t, 9 去 e,千万别忘记 (eighth,ninth) 逢 5 逢 12, ve 变 f (fifth,twelfth) 20到 90, y要变 ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是儿十儿，前基后序别倒位(ninety-first) 2.hundred,thousand,million在构 成具体的数字时用单数形式。如：five hundred people.只 有在
19、表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式。 hundreds of数以百计的，成百上千的thousands of数以 T?计的，成千上万的 millions of 数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字。 3. 序数词常与定冠词lhe连用。 练习: Henry has learned eight _ French words this year. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of The _ lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty) 另外，同学们述应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法
20、。 顺读法 ( 钟点 + 分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five 4:15 four fifteen 倒读法 ( 分钟+to / past+钟点) 如：4:30 half past four 4:15 fifteen past four / a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five / a quarter to five 练习题： 1. At the beginning of the _ (twenty) century,the worlds population was about 1700 millio
21、n. 2. Are these _ (watch)yours? Yes. 3. You dont look well.Yoifd better go to the _ (doctor) at once. 4. Would you give me _ ,please? A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers 5. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A.monkeys,sheeps B.m onkeys,sheep C.m
22、onkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps 6. A lot of _ are talking with two _ . A.Germans,Frenchmans B .Germen,Frenchmans C.German, Frenchmen D.Gemians,Frenchmen 7. June 1 is _. A.the Childrens Day B.the Childrens 1 Day C.Childrenrs Day D.Childrens1 Day 8. _ people went out to see what had happened. A.Thousand
23、s of B.Three thousand ofC.Thousand of D.Three thousands 9. We have been in the school for _ ? A.three and a half month B.three and a half months C.three month and a half D.three months and half 10. _ English is _ useful language- A ? A, an B./, a C.The, an D.A,/ 11 John was given _ orange bag for hi
24、s birthday but _ bag was lost just now ? A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the 12. _ There rs _ old tree near house. A.a,an B.an.the C.a,the D.the,a 13. There is _ 800-metre-long road behind _ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an.the D.ajhe 四M弋词 人称代词：主格：单数 I、you、he、she 、it 复数 we、you they 宾格：单数me、you、him、her、it 复数
25、us、you、them (2)物主代词 : 形容词性my、your、his、her、its、our、your their 名词性 mine、yours * his、hers、its、ours、yours * theirs 反身彳弋词：myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves 、yourselves、 themselves 1. 形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作表 语、主语和宾语，相当于一个名词。 2. 注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系，是单数还是复数。 如: （l）These books a
26、rent ours. Ours are new.（这里 ours=our books ） （2）This is not our room. Ours is over there. （这里 ours=our room） 3. ”of+ 名词性物主代词”表示所属如：a sister of his他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine我的一个朋 友 4. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“笫二人称，笫三人称，第一人称”。 女 II ： You, she and I all enjoy the music. 5. 关于反身代词，同学们须掌握其固定结构： enjoy oneself=have a
27、good time （过得很愉快）by oneself=alone （单独、独自） help oneself to ? -（随便吃 / 喝 些）leam sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. （自学） 练习题 1 .-Whose trousers are these? - _, I think. A .They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them 2. Nobody taught _ English. He taught _ . A.him, himself B.his, himself C.him, by himself D.his, his （
28、二） 修饰 nJ数名词 many few表否定意义a few表肯定意义 修饰不数名词 much little 表否定意义 a little 表肯定意义few 和 little 与 quite或 only 连用吋 ，常加 不定冠词a.如: There are quite a few new books in the library.= 用 little, a little, few, a few 填空: 1.1 often stay at home because I have _ friends here? 2. Jim,don rt go and get some water. There
29、is _ water in the glass. 3. Though he learned French only _ weeks. He can speak very well. 4. Lily had _ bread because she was hungry yesterday. （三）不定彳弋词： something, anything, nothing? 当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时，常后置。如：something new Theres _ in todays newspaper.中考题 A.important anything B.important something C.an
30、ything important D.something important （四）另外, 还要注意代词some, every, all, both, either, another 1. some （些，某）一般用于肯定句中注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。 any （任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Will you give me some water? Would you like some meat? May I ask some questions? Could I have some apples? 2. every+单数名词“每一个”强调共性，作定语，形式上为单数。 eac
31、h “每一个”强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与of 连用。 女 II: Each student was asked to try again ? Each of them has a nice skirt. Every child likes playing games. 3Q1 “（全部）都”表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动 词 Z 前。 none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词of 女 II ： We are all from Canada ? =All of us are from Canada? None of us is/are
32、 afraid of dogs. （单、复数均nJ ） 4,both “（两者）都”，作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。 either “两者中任何一个”，作主语时，谓语用笫三人称单数; 作定语时，后跟名词单数。 neither “( 两者) 都不”，含有否定意义，用法同either。 如： They both swim well. =Both of them swim well. ?There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the stree匸 ?Neither
33、of us is going to Beijing next week. ?Neither answer is right. 5. another +单数名词，“另一个” one the other “ 一个 . ，另一个 . ” the other +复数名词二 the others “其他的人或物”( 指确定范围内剩下的全部 ) others “别 人” ( 五)疑问代词5 个“wh” ,即 who, whose, whom, what, which 这里， which 是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问， 常用 which. 例 女廿： like the r
34、ed shirt. _ do you like ? 练习： 一、根据所给单词的适当形式填空，使句意通顺，语法完整 6.Can you come with us ?(we) 7.These skirts are hers . Yours are over there, (she) 8.Please take care of yourselves , boys and girls, (you) 9.T dont think this is my frisby, though it 1ooks 1ike mine . (T) 10. Look at those books. Are they you
35、rs?(that) 二、 根据首字母填空 11. Ts there anything interesting in the newspaper? 12. She asked us to help each other. 13. The old man can neither read nor write. 14. Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 15. Please help yourself to some fish, Lucy. 三、 同义句转换 16. A: The children played happily i
36、n the zoo yesterday. B: The chi 1dren enjoyed themselves in the zoo yesterday. 17、A: He doesn ， t like mutton, and she doest, either. B: Neither he nor she likes mutton. 18、A: Al 1 the American people dont 1ike sandwiches. B: Not all the American people like sandwiches. 19. A: They don ， t often hea
37、r the twins sing the song in the school. B: Neither of the twins is often heard to sing the song in the school. ZK) 四、单项选择 (C)20. -Can you speak Chinese, Peter?-Yes, but only _ . A. little B. few C. a little D. a few ( 八) 21、-Do you like Jane s new skirt? -Yes, very much. V 11 ask mum to buy _ for m
38、e- A. one B. it C. the other D. a (B) _ 22The color of her skirt is different from _ of mine. A. one B. theit C. it D. this (B)23、Students are usually interested in sports. Some 1 ike running, swimming. like bal 1 games. A. the others B. others C. the other D. other (A)24 -Ill give the boys _ to eat
39、. -Oh, I know, fish and chips. A. something English B. English something C. anything English anything (D)25、 -Shall I help you with the heavy box? -No, thanks, I can do it _ . A. me B. my C. mine D. myself (D)26 -What time shal1 we meet this afternoon, 3:00 or 4:00? -I dont mind. time is OK. A. Neit
40、her B. Each C. Any D. Either (0 27、 -My bag i s full, what about 9 ? - is full, too. A. you, Yours his, He C? yours, Mine D. hers, She (D)28 -Tve had enough bread, Would you like _ ? -No, thanks. some 1 ike D. Engl i sh A. a few more B? one more C ? another more D ? some more (A)29、There are many tr
41、ees on _ sides of the river. A. both B. either C. neither D. each (A) 1 He has two bikes, one is new, _ is old? A. the other B. other C. the others D. others (C) _ 2s Without the sun, could grow in the world? A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything (B) 3、 _ of them is going to play baske t
42、bol 1 with you this after noon. A. All B. Neither C. Some D. Both (B)4 -Can you tell me what a panda looks like? -Look! This is a picture of _ . A. it B. one C? two D. some (B) 5 There are not many pears here, but you can take _ if you want t () ? A. few B. a few C. a little D. little 二、形容词副词 人多数的形容
43、词、副词都有三个等级：原级：比较级：比较，更一些最高级：最 (A) 1.构成： ( 规则情况 ) 情况变化方法例词 单音节词和少数双音节词：一般情况加 er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest 以字母 e 结尾 加 r, st nice-nicer-nicest 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加 er, est big-bigger-biggest 以辅咅字母加 y 结尾 变 y 为 i 加 er, est early-earlier-earliest 部分双音节和多音节词在词前加 more, most slowly-more slowly-most slow
44、ly 2.不规贝 ij 变化，须熟记： good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthest bad/badl y/i 11 - worse-worst little-less-least (B)常见的使用情况 l.asas - 和一样 ( 中间用原级 ) 2. not as(so) as和不一样 ( 中间用原级 ) 3than ? 比 ( 用比较级) 4.有范围修饰的用最高级如: in, of, among或用从句修饰的 eg.(l)Winter is the coldest season of the year. (2
45、)This is the best film that I have ever seen . 5. 比较级 +and+ 比较级 意为“越来越 .eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful 6. The+比较级， the+比较级 越就越 eg:The more, the better. 越多越好 (C)注意点： 1. 形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。 2. 可用 much, a little, even, still 等修饰比较级。 3. 在比较级屮为了避免重复，在than后常用 one,that,those 等词來替代前面提到
46、过的名词。 eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. (D)掌握三种同义句转换： 1 .He is taller than any other student in his class. =Hc is the tallest (studcnt)in his class. 2. This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isnt as interesting as that one. =That film is more interesting than this
47、 one. 3.1 prefer maths to English. =1 like maths better than English. Which do you like _ , fish, meat _ eggs? A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and 此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握： 1?形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词Z 后作表语。 2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词enough属例外 词：形 /fflj+enough to do enough+ 名词 例如; She is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。 3. 区别儿组易混淆的副词：也too用于肯定、疑问句also较为正式书面语either用于否 定句 已经 already常用于肯定句、疑问句yet常用于否定句、疑问句 不再 no (not any) longer从时间上讲no (not any) more从动作上讲 如此这样 such修饰名词 eg: such a big box so修饰形容词、副词eg: so big 单独、独自 alone作表语 =by oneself孤独的 lonely 川 作表语、定语eg:A group of girls are s