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1、1 中考英语短文填空题（12 选 10）答题指导 一、短文填空题型说明 短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生根据短文的意 思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试同学们理解能力及对词汇、 语法和习惯用法等的掌握情况的一种形式。这是中考中一个比较难的项目。其原因是考点不 明确：凡涉及英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都可以考。内容更是包罗万象：天文地 理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等。要求同学们在读通、读懂的基础上，填出符合内容 和语法的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、 副词和习惯 用法也会经常考到。尤其对于长句子，
2、特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析句子成分。在做综 合填空时， 要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。根据其难 度的不同又分为选词填空题、限词填空题和自由填空题。 二、短文填空解题思路 1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇 的内容和要旨。 要重视首句， 善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点， 理清文脉， 推测全文时态、 主题及大意。 2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境， 结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在 句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性
3、，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正 确形式。 3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再 细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是 否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。 三、做短文填空题的注意之处 1. 语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避 免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。 2. 要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，帮助确定应填词 的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。 3. 填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空
4、格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形 式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注 意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。 4. 有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭 配及其习惯用法。 5. 选词填空题和限词填空题一般只有一个答案，自由填空题虽然可能允许有多个正确答案， 但只能选择其中一个填入，因为完形填空题每个空格只准填写一个单词，多填反而出错。 【答题要诀】 2 结构形态和语意，英语答题三利器；结构入手觅逻辑，形态暗示更容易，最后一 点别忘记，语意通顺才可以。 注释： 1. 抓住文章结构，抓首 +跳身+
5、扫尾，弄清文章大意及组织结构。 2. 理清句子结构，语义关系，包括词汇的搭配关系。 3. 注意同现复现法则词汇同现（复现）+结构同现（复现），近反义词复现 或上下义词复现。 4. 注意词的形态， 实词富于形态变化，必须以合理的形态出现在句子中。 附录：英语词尾变化的规律 你发现了吗？英语词法的全部内容基本上都是在讲单词的“ 词尾 ” 变化。比如： -s / -es ：加在名词的尾部表示名词的复数形式。 -ed ：加在动词的尾部，构成动词的过去式或V-ed（过去分词）书写形式。 -ing ： 加在动词的尾部，构成动词的V-ing （现在分词或动名词）书写形式。 -er ： 加在形容词、副词的尾部
6、，构成它们的比较级形式。 -est ： 加在形容词、副词的尾部，构成它们的最高级形式。 只要你能记住这些词尾变化规则，你就学会了英语词法。然而英语单词有那么多的词尾，怎 么记住它们那么多的变化呢？尤其是怎么记住那么多“ 特殊情况 ” 的处理办法呢？ 快步英语的语法大表里把这些特殊情况的处理办法归纳为5 句口诀，只要你记住了这5句口 诀，就可以处理各种词尾向题，它们是: 1. e 元去e、2. y 、i 直连、 3. y 、e 元音直连、 4. y 、e 辅音改 y 、 5. 元辅重读双写。 下面举例解释以上5 句口诀： 1. e 元去 e：以不发音的e 结尾的单词接元音字母开头的词尾(-ed
7、-ing -er -est)时,要去掉 e 后再加词尾。如： live 加-ing 变 living love 加-ing 变 loving save 加-ing 变 saving give 加-ing 变 giving take 加-ing 变 taking unite 加 -ed 变 united safe 加-er 变 safer write 加 -er 变 writer bake 加-er 变 baker late 加 -est 变 latest 2. y 、i 直连：以y 结尾的单词连接以i 开头的词尾（ -ing）时，直接相连。如： study 加-ing 为 studying p
8、lay 加-ing 为 playing fly 加-ing 为 flying try 加-ing 为 trying stay 加-ing 为 staying delay 加-ing 为 delaying 3. y、e 元音直连： 以 y 结尾的单词连接以e 开头的词尾时，当 y 前为元音时 ,直接相连。 如： play 加-ed 为 played play 加-er 为 player stay 加-ed 为 stayed delay 加-ed 为 delayed 4. y 、e 辅音改 y: 以 y 结尾的单词连接以e 开头的词尾时，当y 前为辅音时、y 改 i 。如： study 加-es
9、为 studies study 加-ed 为 studied happy 加-er 为 happier early 加-est 为 earliest hobby 加-es 为 hobbies fly 加-ed 为 flied carry 加-ed 为 carried dry 加-ed 为 dried 3 5. 元辅重读双写：以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾的单词，当结尾重读且后接元音字 母开头的词尾时，将单词尾辅音字母双写。比如： begin 为一个元音字母i 和一个辅音字母n 结尾的单词， 而且单词的重音在结尾，加词尾 -ing 时, 就要把 n 双写，变成beginning。再比如： pu
10、t 加-ing 成 putting sad 加-er 成 sadder fit 加-ed 成 fitted fit 加-er 成 fitter sit 加-ing 成 sitting hit 加-er 成 hitter stop 加-ed 成 stopped regret 加-ed 成 regretted 为什么会有这条规定呢？就是为了不产生太大的发音变形。比如当单词put 需要连接词尾 -ing 时 ,若直接连成putting, 其发音就变成了pu-ting ,pu 发 pju: 的音 ,这与 put 的发音相差太 大,容易造成听不懂,为此把 t双写 ,这样单词就发成了put-ting ,与
11、 put 差别不大 ,就容易听懂了。 再比如当单词big 需要连接词尾-er 时,若直接将 -er 连接在 big 后,其发音就成了bi-ger,bi 发 bai 的音 ,这与 big 的发音相差太大,不容易听懂 ,因此就将g 双写 ,其发音就是big-ger,这样 就与 big 的发音相差不大,就容易听懂了。英语词尾变化的特殊情况均是为发音所考虑的,学 习者若能细心发音体验,就可以明白其中的道理,并从根本上记住这些繁多的“ 特殊处理 ” 。 【实战练习】 1 Pass use open close with break help so other another pleasant do Am
12、erican people like to say “ Thank you” whenever others _ them or say something kind to them. People of many countries do _, too. It is a very good habit( 习惯 ). You should say “ thank you” when someone _ you the salt on the table, when someone walking ahead of you keeps the door _ for you, when someo
13、ne says you have _ your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. “ Thank you” is _ not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “ Excuse me” is _ short sentence they use. When you hear someone say so beh
14、ind you, you know that somebody wants to walk past you _ touching you. It s not polite to _ others while they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “ Excuse me” first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want to cough or make any _ noise before others. Let s all le
15、arn to say “ Thank you” and “ Excuse me”. 2 Snow rain become get from lose write put in care wet dry Once Einstein( 爱因斯坦 ) was waiting for a friend on a bridge. While waiting, he became _ in thought (陷入沉思 ). It began _. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein _ out a piece of paper _ his pocke
16、t _ something down, the paper was _ and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes _wet from the rain. But after he _ the paper into his pocket, he again forgot he was standing _ the rain. Many scientists are careless about how they live. That is because they are too _ in their studies. 4 3 Ask l
17、ike for cut soon have pass past why meet if agree A barber( 理发师 ) was working when a tall man came in with a boy of about ten after him. The barber was _ to give him a shave(刮脸 ) and the child a haircut(理发 ) After the man had his shave, he told the barber that he would _ to go down the street _ a dr
18、ink while the barber _ the boy s hair. The man also promised the boy that he would be back _. It took the barber long to give the boy a haircut. Another half an hour _ and the boy was still kept waiting. In the end the barber asked the boy _ his father was away so long. The small boy told the barber
19、 that the man was not his father at all. He said he _him in the street and was asked _ he would like to have a haircut. He _ and followed the man here for a haircut. 4 Quick food much when kitchen so such send bring still surprise many Many years ago, an English family were living in China. One even
20、ing an important Chinese officer ca me to visit them. It got later and later, and he _ didn t go, so the hostess( 女主人 ) invited him to have dinner with them. But she had very little _ in the house, so she _went to the kitchen and spoke to her Chinese cook. He said, “ It isall right. You will have a
21、very good dinner.” _ they all sat down to eat, the lady was very _ because there was _very good food on the table. After the dinner, the hostess ran to the _ and said to the cook, “ How do you made _ a good meal in half an hour?” “ I didn t make it, madam,” he said, “ I _ one of the servants( 仆人 ) t
22、o the Chinese officer s house, and he _ back the Chinese officer s dinner.” 5 Third long arrive still now to pass begin after something hour other Bob was tired of waiting for his sister s plane to _. The plane should have come at half _ three P.M. and now, seven _later, Bob was _ waiting. There had
23、 been _times for him to hear the explanation(解释 ) why the plane was late from the loudspeaker. _ the first time, Bob had _ to eat. The second time he _ to walk in the airport( 飞机场 ) from one end to _. By the third time hewas tired and hungry. “ How _ will this go on?” Bob said to himself. 6 Big call
24、 without more little in house out come weather just window Before windows were used , old _ in Europe(欧洲 ) and Britain were very dark. There great rooms were high _ only one hole on the roof (房顶 ) to let the smoke _from cooking fire. Later, people began to make the holes _ to have more light and air
25、 in their homes. The first English window was _ a small opening in the wall. It was cut long to let in as _ light as possible, and narrow( 狭窄 ) to keep out the bad _. But 5 more wind than light would _ in if the window was cut long. This is why it was _ “ The wind s eye” . And the word “ _” comes fr
26、om two ancient(古代 的) words for “wind” and “eye”. 7 While many know hear in each empty both care across before safe Every day some people are killed while they are crossing the road. _ of these people are old people and children. Old people are often killed because they can t see or _ very well. Chil
27、dren are often killed because they are not _. They forget to look and listen before they _ the road. A car or a bus can t stop if it is going very fast, it will travel many metres _it stops. Some people d on t always understand this. They think a car can stop _ a few metres. It is difficult to _ how
28、 fast a car moving. The only way to cross the roads _ is to look _ways, right and left. Then if the roads are _, you can cross them. 8 Good slow study must strong play watch say return mean need hard What is best way to study? This is a very important question. Some students often study very _ for l
29、ong hours. This is a _ habit(习惯 ), but itis not a better way to study. A good student _ have enough sleep, enough food, enough rest. Every day you _ to take a walk or _ basketball or table tennis or sing songs. When you _ to your studies, you will find yourself _than before and you ll learn more. Pe
30、rhaps we can _ that learning English is like taking Chinese medicine. We _that like Chinese medicine, the effects(效果 ) of your study come _ but surely. Learn every day and effects will come just like Chinese medicine. 9 They, careful, be, fact, take, would, other, stand, what , decide I am eighteen
31、years old this year. I _1_ a pupil before and now I m a university student. My mother was my first teacher when I was very little. Then, I had three _2_ teachers in different schools. Now Miss Williams is one of my university teachers. I have never expected that I will be a teacher one day. I am a s
32、hy girl and I am afraid of _3_ before many people. I do not know _4_ to say. But I will be a teacher tomorrow! Tomorrow morning! I made this _5_ just two weeks ago. Miss Williams, my English teacher, told me there was a teacher job, just for two weeks in this summer. She asked if I _6_ be interested
33、. I wanted to make some money, so I said ” yes ” to her . At once I regretted but it was too late to _7_ my word back. There are about twenty foreign boys and girls in the class. They know very little English. I have_8_ read the book that Williams gave me. Four of the lessons are very simple, in _9_
34、 too simple. I do not know what to do with these few simple words and sentences. I 6 will read the lesson to them, and ask them to read after me, and then ask them to read it_10_. That will be about ten minutes. What shall I do next? 10 well , soft, second ,better , may , strongly, afraid, sand , st
35、ay up, if, now, house ( 1 ) We can t stop an earthquake(地震 ), but we can do things to make sure they don t destroy(毁坏 ) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 ._ idea to build houses along lines where 2. _ of the earth s plates(板块 ) join together. Second, if you think there 3. _ be an earthquake, it is
36、better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. _. Third, you must make the houses as 5. _ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. _ . Scientists are 7. _ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(旧金山 ) . They call it “The B
37、ig One ”. However, people today are still building more 8. _ . The population in and around San Francisco is 9. _ ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that 10. _ there is another earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed. ( 2 ) forget, bring，mend，beside， luck，pick，sam
38、e，differently, I ， every , stop，each Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 _ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 _ there. One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 _ to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in fron
39、t of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 _ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 _ by the man. He said angrily, “Thats 7_ !”Mr. Brown s face turned red and he gave it back to t
40、he man at once. When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 _ of them, he said, “Youve mended them very well. ” In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 _ man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, “
41、You ve had a 10 _ day,”he said. not speak, call , idea, and, what, garden, hear , quiet , do ,eat , name, say ( 3 ) A farmer saw an old man growing something on the other side of the river. The farmer 1. _ out to him, “What are you growing , Grandpa? ”The old man 2 . _ for a moment, then said, “Swim
42、 over 3. _ I ll tell you. ”The farmer didn t like the 4. _ of swimming across the river. But he wanted to know 5. _ the old man was doing. He swam over. The old man said very 6. _ in his ear, “Im planting peas in my 7. _ . ” “ You should have shouted. I would have 8. _ quite clearly on that side.”Sa
43、id the farmer. “ Oh, no, I wouldn t 9. _ that . The sparrows would have heard me and 10. _ my peas.” 7 ( 4 ) telephone , for, lose, so, strong, clever, somebody, good, happy, outside, everybody, at Mrs Andrews had a young cat, and it was the cats first winter. One evening it was 1._when it began to
44、snow heavily. Mrs Andrews looked 2. _it everywhere and shouted its name, but she did not find it, 3. _ she telephone the police and said, “I have 4. _ a small black cat. Has 5. _ found one? ”“No，madam, ”said the policeman at the other end, “But cats are really very 6. _ animals. They sometimes live
45、for days in the snow, and when it melts ( 融化 ) or somebody finds them, they are quite 7. _ .” Mrs Andrews felt 8. _ when she heard this. “And ,”she said, “Our cat is very 9. _. She almost talks. ”The policeman was getting tired, “Well then, ”he said “Why dont you put your 10._ down? Maybe she is try
46、ing to telephone you now. ( 5 ) tell, hear, listen to , guard, drum, much, fly , army, with, other, way , instruction Here are some old ways to sending messages. An Egyptian( 埃及人 ) put his ear to the ground. He 1 . _ the horses coming this way. He ran to 2. _ his people . He was a 3. _ . That was one way for Egyptians to send messages. People in 4._ countries sent message, too. When enemies came, one man beat his drum. In the next village people heard the drum and beat their drum