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1、动词-ing形式的句法功能一、做主语;e.g. Reading good books makes us . Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.通常为了避免主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语 (请改写上面两个句子)1.2.常用于固定句型 Its a waste of time doing sth / Its no/little good/use doing sthe.g. Its no use arguing with you.（argue 和争吵、争辩） Its a waste of time working on this prob
2、lem. / Its no use reasoning with him. / Its no good reading in dim light. / Its no good crying over spilt milk.( cry over sth 为而哭泣。Cry for sth 哭闹着要什么东西。Spill/spilt/spilt vt.溢出、溅出) Its no good quarrelling about it any longer. ( quarrel vi.争吵)并列句中用动词-ing形式做主语时应该具备一致性，即两个分句都用动词-ing形式做主语。Eg. Swimming is
3、 good for your health and doing eye-exercises is good for your eyes. 简单句中如果主语和表语是同位关系，也应该注意动词-ing形式的一致性，即主语和表语均使用动词-ing形式. Eg Seeing is believing.二、动词-ing形式作宾语动词-ing形式作宾语，常见的有（需要记住）：Enjoy/consider/escape/avoid 喜欢考虑不逃避Stop/give up/object to/risk 停止放弃不冒险Admit/understand/be worth 承认理解很值得Mind/imagine/de
4、lay/put off 反对想象莫推迟Require/finish/look forward to要求完成是期望Suggest/keep on/practice 建议继续勤操练Cant help/excuse/insist on 不禁原谅要坚持Go on/appreciate/succeed in 继续欣赏便成功注意appreciate 后面只能接“事”作宾语，不能接“人”作宾语，与thank 用法相反。Eg. we will appreciate hearing from you again. We will thank you for your letter I appreciate yo
5、ur kindness.( )I appreciate you for your kindness.( )He thanked her for her kindness.( ) He thanked her kindness. ( )请翻译几个句子：1。He should avoid doing tasks that require great alertness, such as driving a car. (alertness.警觉) 2. Mr smith is considering buying a computer, which is consider to be a great
6、 help in our work or study.3.I could not resist telling him the secret. （resist 忍受、反对、抵抗） 4. The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.5.（1）Wood is used to make into desks (be used to +动词原形 表示“被用于”).（2）I used to have a walk after supper, but now I am used to playing basketball.Used to do sth
7、 表示过去经常做的事情 be used to doing sth 表示“习惯于做的事情”。又如：I am used to shopping alone. She is used to getting up early.6.when he heard his father had gone, he could not help crying.7.I can not stand sitting and doing nothing / I can not stand working with him./ I can not stand being laughed at./ I can not sta
8、nd feeling guilty.(有罪的、内疚的)8.she did not feel like eating anything yesterday9.Both of my parents insisted on buying a computer for me, but I think it is not necessary.10. We look forward to meeting you again. 11. You should not devote your spare time to playing computer games. Doctors and nurses sho
9、uld devote themselves to looking after the sick She devoted herself to teaching.12. I have great difficulty (in) dealing with others./ we had much trouble in finding the Toms house请比较：forget to do sth / forget doing sth remember to do sth / remember doing sth Regret /stop / try /mean /go on /cant he
10、lp to do sthRegret /stop / try /mean /go on /cant help doing sth请翻译几个句子：1. Dont forget to lock the door when you leave2. I remember returning the book to the library.3. I regret having told her earlier / I regret to tell you that I will leave tomorrow4. He stopped reading. / He stopped to read.三、动词-
11、ing形式及其短语作宾语补足语（1）表示感官的动词 see hear feel watch find notice(注意到) catch（撞见、偶然发觉）observed（看到、注意到）sb doing sth 表示动作正在进行。1.He observed a stranger hanging near the gate of the school. 2. I caught a stranger sliding into the managers office.3.I felt someone patting on the should.4.I noticed them talking in
12、low voices.5.The police caught him stealing a car.6.He saw a girl getting on the bus./ He saw a girl get on the bus and drive off. (用动词原形表示动作的全过程)7.I noticed the boy _(beat) by his mother.8.Do you mind _(jim)_(leave) alone at home?9.While shopping, people sometimes cannot help _(persuade) into buyin
13、g something they dont really need. ( she persuaded me into buying it )(2) 表示“使役”的动词 have make get leave keep (重点) set catchI am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.三、动词-ing形式作表语 Eg Travelling is interesting but tiring. / This food smells inviting (吸引人的、诱人的)My favorite sport is swimming. /
14、 Their job is cleaning the floor.把动词-ing形式当成形容词或名词四、动词-ing形式作定语 (一)、单个动词-ing形式作前置定语 A walking stick = a stick for walking / a racing bicycle = a bicycle for racingA sleeping car =a car for sleeping. 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能 A walking child =a child who is walking / a sleeping girl = a girl who is sleeping 说明被修
15、饰名词的动作和状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句 （二）作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面 Eg The man standing by the window is our teacher (三)、作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如果两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。Eg The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.五、动词-ing形式
16、作状语（重点）：表示时间、原因、条件、让步（放在句首）、 伴随和结果（放在句末）。动词-ing形式短语作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语保持一致。用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作。用 having done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作，如果非谓语动词与句子的主语是被动关系，用having been done / being done 表示。 Eg 1._(walk) along the street, I met an old friend of mine. 2._(finish) my work, I sat down to take a rest.
17、 3._(cheat) many times, she now does not believe anybody.4._(not receive) a reply, he decided to write again. 5._(be) there many times, I know the city very well. 6._(get) home, I found my book missing. 7._(be) tired, I stopped to take a rest. 8._(turn) to the left, you will find the school. 9._(kno
18、w) where I live, he never comes to see me.10._(be) more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.11._(live) in london for many years, I almost know every place quite well.12._(not know) his telephone number, I cannot get in touch with him.13.The students entered into the classroom, _(talk) and _(laugh).
19、14.He came into the room, _（hold）an umbrella in his hand.15.It rains heavily , _(cause) severe (严重的) flooding (洪灾)in the area.16.The fire lasted nearly a month ,_(leave) nothing valuable.17.His parents died in the accident, _(leave) him an orphan.18._(admit) what you say, I still think you are wrong
20、.19._(repeat) his words many times, the teacher could not make his students understand.20.I stood by the door, _(not dare) to say a word.21.He was walking along the street,_(look) at this and that.22.They sailed up and down the river, _(search) the missing goods.六、当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同时，动词-ing形式前经常
21、加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。1.It_(be) a holiday, all the shops were shut.2.Class_(be) over, children could play football.3.Time _(permit), we will go for a picnic with you.4.The train_(go) ,we had to wait another day.5.The key to the bike _(lose) ,he had to walk to school.6.Everyone _(be) ready , the teach
22、er began his class.7.The boy _(lead) the way , we had no trouble in finding the strange cave.8.Many eyes _(watch) him, he felt a bit nervous.9.The students are walking in the school happily, each _(wear) a card in front of his chest.10.The boy lay on the grass, his eyes _(look) at the sky.七、动词-ing形式
23、也可以做插入语1.generally speaking 一般来说 2. judging from根据来判断3.supposing / suppose +从句 假使 4.providing / provided +从句 假使5.granting / granted +从句 即使6.considering/ seeing that 鉴于、考虑到7.talking of 谈到eg Generally speaking, the Chinese prefer drinking tea to drinking coffer.Judging from his accent, he is from the south.八、动词-ing形式的复合结构（一）、His coming made me We all thought Toms giving up his job(二)、名词的普通格或人称代词宾语+动词-ing形式，只能作宾语。 I dont like them / young people （三）、若动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为无生命的事物，通常用普通格。 The experiment can not be carried out because of the equipment （设备）being out of order.