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1、Revision of Non-restrictive Attributive Clauses,Unit 5 Grammar,非限制性定语从句,welcome to our class,Underline the attributive clauses:,Dont forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you cant get. Dont give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.,曾经拥有的，不要
2、忘记。不能得到的， 更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。 已经失去的，留作回忆。,1. 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从 句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在 它所修饰的先行词之后。 2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,Revision,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有when, where, why。 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A. 引导定语从句 B. 代替先行词 C. 在定语从句中担当一个成分,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语
3、从句的区别,1. His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. 他的狗当时很老了, 生病后就死了。 (去掉从句, 主句的意义仍然完整: 他的 狗生病死了。) 2. Yesterday I met Li Lei, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙。 (去掉从句, 意义仍然完整: 昨天我碰上 李雷了。),A. This is the place where I lived ten years ago. B. She is going to spend the winter holida
4、y in Macao, which returned to China in 1999. 2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help. B. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.,限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。,All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.,里面有漂亮图
5、画的那些杂志是他写的。,All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.,所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图画。,有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。,（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）,（杂志只有一种）,His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.,当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。,Shanghai, which is in East Chi
6、na, is developing rapidly.,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,Please compare:,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is pop
7、ular with the students.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,1. He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 2. He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.,3. He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4.
8、 He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that,一、 非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引 导。 1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。,非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：,二、 在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom; 不能用who替换，也不能省略。 1. Do y
9、ou know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。 2. This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need. 这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。 (非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。),二.另外关系副词when(指时间), where (指地点)也可以引导非限制性定语从句(注意关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句);why不引导定语从句，常用for whic
10、h取代。 1. I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有 去开会。 2. I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。 (限制性定语从句“the reason why.”是常见搭配。),三.非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。 1. As I expected, he didnt
11、 believe me. 正如我所预料的，他不相信我。 2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心 都提到嗓子眼了。,as“正如” 常用结构： as we all know 正如我们所知道的 as you say 正如 你所说的 as I can see 正如我所能看到的 as we had expected 正如我们所料 as you may have heard 正如你可能听到过的那样 as is often the case = as often happe
12、ns 情况往往如此/这是常有的事,as“正如” 常用结构： as we all know 正如我们所知道的 as you say 正如 你所说的 as I can see 正如我所能看到的 as we had expected 正如我们所料 as you may have heard 正如你可能听到过的那样 as is often the case = as often happens 情况往往如此/这是常有的事,as“正如” 也常用于被动结构： as is expected (正如所料） as has been explained (正如所解释的) as is mentioned above
13、 (正如所提到的) as is known to all (众所周知) as is announced/reported (据宣布/报道) as has been mentioned above （正如前面被提到的那样） as has been pointed out （正如所指出的那样）,四、 非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。 1. He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry. 他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对 此很生气。 2. I finished
14、my work ahead of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了 会儿报纸。,“介词+关系代词”前还可以有代词、数词、 The +最高级/比较级等 常见的代词如下： some,much, many, most, little, few, all, any, several, both, neither, either,none, half, one, each, half. 常见的数词有： 基数词、序数词、分数和百分数,1. I am doing different types
15、 of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health. 2. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets. 3. There are 54 students in my class, three of whom come from the US.,五、Which可指前面整个句子。 The sun sends out light and heat, which makes it possible for living things to exist
16、 on the earth. 太阳发出光和热，这使得生物能够在地球 上生存。 His father is an engineer, _ makes him very proud. A. for what B. which C. that D. what,1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _ is a hospital. A. in where B. to the east of which C. to the east of it D. in the east of that 2. My brothers purse, _ he
17、 put ￥1,000, was missing on the bus. A. there B. which C. in which D. that,课堂练兵,3. His glasses, _ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy. A. which B. without which C. with which D. without those 4. The computer, _ he paid ￥3,000, was once owned by his uncle. A. which B. for which C. t
18、hat D. to that,5. In the past we lost many chances, _ we paid little attention. A. which B. that C. in which D. to which 6. The pen, _ I had been writing for ten years, was broken. A. with which B. with that C. as D. with it,7. Mary has two brothers, _ are doctors. A. both of they B. both of whom C.
19、 both of them D. whom of both 8. On the way home I met my friend John, from _ home the thief had stolen a computer. A. whom B. which C. that D. whose,9. Paul, _ everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent. A. that B. when C. which D. whom 10. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would
20、forget all about eating or sleeping. A. what B. as C. that D. who,11. She showed her teacher a reason, _ she was late for school the day before yesterday. A. that B. which C. for which D. why 12. The 10:00 train, _ is usually very punctual, was late this morning. A. as B. when C. that D. which,1. I
21、walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005 辽宁卷) A. which B. when C. where D. that,实战高考,2. The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006 天津卷) A. what B. that C. how D. as 3. She was educated at Beijing University, _ she w
22、ent on to have her advanced study abroad. (2006 陕西卷) A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that,4. Last week, only two people came to look at the house，_ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽卷) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 5. It is reported that two schools, _
23、 are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007 四川卷) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which,6. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. (2008 湖南卷) A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 7.
24、They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. (2008重庆卷) A. where B. there C. which D. when,8. Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village (2009 安徽卷) A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom 9. Whenever I met her, _ was fai
25、rly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009 山东卷) A. who B. which C. when D. that,10. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. (2010 全国I) A. which B. Where C. What D. that 11. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village ho
26、mes for a better life in the city. (2010 浙江卷) A. whom B. which C. them D. those,Fill in the blanks with proper relative words. 1. The famous basketball star, _ is an American, came to China yesterday. 2. In those days, she used to go to Mr Black, with _ she had a wonderful time. 3. I bought a car ye
27、sterday, _ cost me a lot.,who,whom,which,4. Xian, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy. 6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago. 7. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true.,when,where,which,which,Thank you.,