1、deployment requirements, vigorously strengthen the partys ideological and political construction, strong regulation four winds , the ideological and political quality of party members and cadres has a new improved. But also to see, some members cadres belief not really letter, and slim not really re
2、pair, not understand Marx doctrine principle, not learning party of innovation theory, not believes in party of political advocates; some members cadres party of consciousness and members consciousness desalination, in party not statements party, and not love party, and not nursing party, and not fo
3、r party; some members cadres political discipline, and political rules relaxation, mouth no shoot, mess assessment jump on the party of policies and so on. Solve the problem of party members and cadres ideologically, must start with the ideological and political construction, through the two learnin
4、g education into ideological and political work in day-to-day political life of the party, do fine catch, catch, catch a long, continuous force for a long time to work. 3. two education is condensed power development needs. With the deepening of reform and the full implementation of the rule of law,
5、 we are building Qiang Fu MGM an important task of the new XXX, which we need to rally the wisdom in all aspects, form a partnership to promote the development of a strong force. So, grass-roots party and general members to deep awareness two learn a do learning education of important meaning, effec
6、tive activated grass-roots party fighting fortress role, full play members pioneer model role, in full district development strategy practice in the dang good vanguard, and led bar-headed geese, build a support has iron general belief, and iron general faith, and iron general discipline, and iron Ge
7、neral play of members cadres team, for full district work provides strong political, and thought and organization based. 4. two learning education is to enhance the ability of party members and cadres needed. The current, complex and volatile state of the world of the party, our party is facing unpr
8、ecedented difficulties and challenges since the ruling, but also shoulders an important responsibility of politics, society, history, more urgent goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Specific to our personal, minority party members love to party, party, party, retaining th
9、e consciousness of the party still needs to be strengthened to work and conscientiousness, initiatives still need to be enhanced, capacity level needs to be further enhanced. Our party . Create two learn a do learning education of strong atmosphere on how carried out two learn a do learning educatio
10、n, central programme and also issued has learning education programme, Central Organization Department issued has learning education of programme, province, and municipal issued has implementation programme, for all members and at level above leaders of learning education, respectively proposed has
11、different requirements, district also specifically developed has 1+2+4+1 of implementation programme, respectively clear has learning of main content, and Focus on ways and means of solving problems and learning. We want to seriously implement the Central and provincial, city and district of deploym
12、ent requirements, as more strict and more practical spirit grasp this work. Innovative ways of learning, and earnestly study and understand. To always put learn Constitution Party rules, and learn series speech as two learn a do learning education of heavy in the of heavy,ee大型龙门机床滑枕的三维结构设计及有限元分析ee（e
13、e）指导老师：ee摘要大型龙门机床具有加工跨距大、加工效率高等特点，适用于大尺寸零件的高精度加工，在航空、船舶、汽车等领域应用广泛。横梁是龙门机床的主要支承部件，其结构和静力学特性直接影响机床的加工精度。本课题针对陕西汉川机床有限公司正在研发的某型定梁龙门机床，应用SolidWorks软件对其滑枕进行三维结构设计，然后应用ANSYS软件，对其进行静力特性分析，计算滑枕在切削力和自重作用下的变形和应力，验证设计是否满足机床的精度要求，并绘制设计图纸。本课题滑枕是龙门铣床中的重要部件，机床采用主轴滑枕结构主要目的在于增强机 床的动刚度，适应大型零件的强力切削。其内部包含主轴、轴承、垂直铣头等重要部
14、件 与主轴箱配合的是溜板，溜板内安装有进给丝杠。进给丝杠与固定在滑枕上的螺母座连 接，通过丝杠的转动来带动滑枕的伸出与回缩。所以滑枕的静刚度与动刚度影响着机床 的精度与稳定性，为了使机床具有高刚度、振动小、变形小、噪声低、良好的抵抗受迫 振动和自激振动能力的动态性能，有必要在加工滑枕之前对其进行分析，了解其变形情 况和振动情况。 本文运用有限元分析方法研究大型龙门铣床关键薄弱部件主轴滑枕结构变形规律。在整个设计过程中，运用有限元分析方法进行工作状态下滑枕静变形分析，研究大型龙门铣床主轴滑枕结构变形规律，给出了定性和定量的分析结论，为滑枕结构优化设计提供理论依据和指导。关键词滑枕、静力特性、分析
15、SolidWorks、ANSYSthrough concentrated learn, and topic learn, and research learn, variety way, strengthened daily learning; carried out learn Constitution, keep party rules hundred day copy Constitution activities, do precision learning, insisted article-by-article step, and combines a, and station
16、high telescope, in read original, and learn original, and Wu principle in the guben culture Yuan, complement spirit of calcium, strengthening belief of repair, cast faith of soul. To looks at Yu party and national career of new development on members of new requirements, seriously organization membe
17、rs leaders topic democratic life, and branch topic organised will, further mirror, and are dressed, and wash bath, and rule cure, self control party cultivation high not high, normal of carried out three will a class, activities, further deep understanding to who, and relies on who, and I is who, se
18、lf review members consciousness strong not strong, timely error correction correction, effective do learn deep Wu through, and really understand really with. Second highlight-oriented learning, and earnestly oath State line. Any members of the party spirit, consciousness and moral level, neither wit
19、h the accumulation of standing nor with his promotion of natural increase requires transforming the subjective world, strengthen character mold to establish firm ideals and convictions. Therefore, adhering to problem-oriented, problem-solving is two learning the internal requirements. In recent year
20、s, through the educational practice of the mass line of the party, three-three thematic educational activities, quality of party members and cadres in our region as a whole has improved, spirit has been changed, but there are still some outstanding issues and problems. Like part rural members discip
21、line legal consciousness not strong, masses concept weak, pioneer model role play not obviously, on grass-roots democracy construction, and public affairs indifference, and not as, cannot consciously boycott yellow bet HIV against, entertainment activities not health not civilization, minority party
22、 fighting fortress role play not obviously, three will a class, party political life, and four on the two public, village level democratic decision enough serious specification, highlight problem, to effective do side learn side check side modified, and State said State line State modified, Excited
23、in learning education in the party undertaking, energetic and enterprising spirit, into promoting reform and development, construction of Qiang Fu MGM engines of the new XXX. Three actual learning, focus on service work. Currently, we are in a period of reform and development of opportunities; const
24、ruction of Qiang Fu MGM XXX is the new main . Party members perplexity and concern. Rich give a Party lecture form, encourage experiential party lecture, live party lecture, interview-style party lecture, using typical, positive and negative side, strengthening the attraction and appeal of party lec
25、ture. 71, each branch in conjunction with the beginning of the 95 anniversary activities, focused schedule 1 party lecture. Third branch of the Organization will be held. The full experience of educational practice using the mass line, three-three thematic education held a special democratic meeting
26、 and the Organizations practices, picked up the weapons of criticism and self-effectively to solve problems, promote unity and purpose. Four are conscientiously carrying out the democratic review. Combined thematic Organization第 1 页 共 34 页Three-dimensional structure of large gantry machine ram desig
27、n and Their Finite Element analysisee（ee）Tutor:eeAbstract:Large gantry machines with processing large span, high efficiency machining for large size precision machining parts, widely used in aviation, marine, automotive and other fields. Beam gantry machine is the main support member, the structure
28、and static mechanical properties directly affect the machining accuracy.The topic for the Shaanxi Hanchuan Machine Tool Co. is developing a fixed-beam gantry machine tool, SolidWorks software applications designed for its three-dimensional structure of the ram, and then using ANSYS software, its sta
29、tic characteristics analysis to calculate the cutting force ram and deformation and stress under its own weight, to verify whether the design meets the accuracy requirements of the machine, and draw the design drawings.The ram is an important part of Longmen milling machine, the machine adoptsram sp
30、indle structure mainly aims to enhance machine dynamic stiffness, adapt to the cutting of large parts. The interior consists of spindle, bearings, verticalmilling important component and the spindle box is matched with the slide, slide board are installed in the feed screw. The feed screw and nut se
31、at is fixed on thesliding pillow connected, through the screw rotation to drive the ram extension and retraction. So the ram of the static stiffness and dynamic stiffness affects theaccuracy and stability of machine tool, in order to make the machine tool has thedynamic performance of the forced vib
32、ration and self-excited vibration capability of high rigidity, small vibration, low noise, small deformation, good resistance, it is necessary before processing the ram to analyze, understand its the situation and the vibration deformation.In this paper using the research of finite element analysis
33、method for largeLongmen milling machine key vulnerable component - ram spindle structuredeformation. In the entire design process, using the finite element analysis methodto work down pillow the static deformation analysis, research of large Longmen milling machine spindle ram structure deformation,
34、 gives the conclusion of qualitative and quantitative analysis, and provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the optimization design of the structure of RAM.Key words：Ram, static characteristics, analysis, SolidWorks, ANSYS第 3 页 共 44 页目 录大型龙门机床滑枕的三维结构设计及有限元分析11引言51.1大型龙门铣床的概述51.2研究的目的及主要内容61.2.1
35、研究的目的61.2.2研究的主要内容61.3研究的意义71.4大型龙门铣床的结构71.5大型龙门铣床的分类81.6大型龙门铣床的结构91.7大型龙门铣床的性能特点112滑枕结构的设计122.1 滑枕结构分析15 2.2数模的创建15 2.3机床滑枕工作过程分析192.3.2滑枕工作时受力分析192.3.3滑枕工作时切削力的确定202.3.4滑枕工作理论变形分析203滑枕有限元分析223.1 模型预处理233.3 ansys有限元分析283.3 ansys有限元结果分析28结论29第 37 页 共 44 页 1引言1.1大型龙门铣床的概述龙门铣床简称龙门铣，是具有门式框架和卧式长床身的铣床。龙门
36、铣床上可以用多把铣刀同时加工表面，加工精度和生产效率都比较高，适用于在成批和大量生产中加工大型工件的平面和斜面。数控龙门铣床还可加工空间曲面和一些特型零件。龙门铣床由门式框架、床身工作台和电气控制系统构成，龙门铣床具有足够的刚性，效率高，操作方便，结构简单，性能全面性等特点。但是在内外热源的影响下，龙门铣床各部件将发生不同程度的热变形，使工件与刀具之间的相对运动关系遭到破环，对于龙门铣床来说，因为全部加工过程是计算的指令控制的，热变形的影响就更为严重。 1.1.1国内外研究现状我国龙门铣床产品的发展大致分为两个阶段。第一阶段在六十年代初至八十年代初，当时国内生产龙门铣床的厂家只有北一、武重等少
37、数几家，产品多为加工宽度l米至2米的普通龙门铣床。后经过调整产品结构，开始试制数控龙门铣床。第二阶段从八十年代初改革开放至今，通过引进、消化吸收国外先进技术或与国外技术先进厂家合作生产，国内生产数控龙门镗铣床的厂家数量增多，产品规格增大，技术水平提高。21世纪的近十年间是我国机床行业发展最快速的时期，由于国家很多重点大型工程的开展，各行业对于大型、重型、超重型龙门加工中心和数控龙门镗铣床的需求量增加，从而大大促进了该行业的快速发展。从第十一届中国国际机床展（CIMT2009)中，我们可以看到到国内龙门铣床的发展状况：本次展出了整机重量超过100T的超重型龙门加工中心和数控龙门镗铣床的国内公司有
38、8家之多，分别是沈一、中捷、武重、济二、大连机床、桂林、日发、海天等。 1.1.2国外的研究概况上世纪80年代欧美日等先进工业国家先后完成了数控机床产业进程。并致力于科技创新和新产品的研发。美国英格索尔公司和德国惠勒喜乐公司引导用于汽车工业和航空工业高速数控铣床的发展，日本牧野公司在高效精密加工中心方面做出了巨大贡献，德国瓦德里希公司侧重于重型龙门五面加工铣床的开发，日本马扎克公司研发的车铣中心推进了对高效复合加工机床的发展。如今五轴联动数控机床代表了数控机床发展的最高水平，五轴联动数控机床的发展重点是：高速、高精度、环保、智能、复合化。其中数控龙门加工中心成为多家国际公司研究的重点。德国兹默
39、曼公司推出的FZ100六轴数控龙门铣床配备采用配备3根回转轴的M3 ABC铣头显著地提高数控铣床在加工盒状工件和模具时的生产效率。美国Ingersoll公司的7m龙门移动式龙门铣采用闭环控制系统，同步误差只有0.0025-0.035mm。日本大隅的NCR-A56五轴动梁龙门加工中心主轴采用气浮结构最高转速达4000r/min，采用完全热对称结构使机床热变形控制在10m以下，大大提高机床加工精度。1.2研究的目的及主要内容 1.2.1研究的目的针对陕西汉川机床有限公司正在研发的某型定梁龙门机床，应用SolidWorks软件对其滑枕进行三维结构设计，然后应用ANSYS软件，对其进行静力特性分析，计
40、算滑枕在切削力和自重作用下的变形和应力，验证设计是否满足机床的精度要求。本课题通过对各种龙门铣床的分析研究，将对龙门移动式龙门铣床的横向进给系统进行了详细的、具有改进性的设计。除此之外，还将利用三维建模软件SolidWorks对所有的零部件做实体建模、模拟装配和运动仿真。Solidworks是基于特征的实体造型软件，建立的三维模型比二维平面图更加直观、清晰。最重要的是，可以利用装配模型可以进行后续的装配干涉分析、运动仿真模拟、物性分析、有限元分析、数控代码生成等，还可以在装配环境中对零件进行设计、编辑、修改。利用这些功能，能有效避免产品设计中经常带来的尺寸不匹配，零件干涉等问题。 1.2.2研
41、究的主要内容 （1）搜集并阅读与本课题有关的资料； （2）了解大型龙门机床的结构组成和工作原理； （3）应用SolidWorks软件对某型龙门机床滑枕进行三维结构设计。然后应用ANSYS软件，对其进行静力特性分析，计算滑枕在切削力和自重作用下的变形和应力，验证设计是否满足机床的精度要求，并绘制设计图纸。 （4）设计成果：设计说明书一份；滑枕三维结构图；二维零件图。1.3 研究的意义 随着国内经济建设的快速发展，工业企业的不断发展壮大，大型箱体类零件的加工已成为国内急需解决的关键性问题，要求机床生产厂家发展能够制造大型箱体类件加工的落地式镗铣机床，以满足国内重型机械、工程机械、机车车辆、大型电机
42、水轮机、汽轮机、船舶、核电、大型环保设备等市场发展的需要，加之其它重型机械行业发展的需求，我们可以预见其广阔的市场前景，由此也可见其在国民经济发展中的所起到的重要作用及所处的重要地位。同时为应对当前金融危机，国家制订并出台了装备制造业振兴规划，其中一大领域的重大科技专项就将大型数控机床列为振兴规划发展的重大装备，这意味着重型数控机床行业面临着一次发展的机遇，当然也是一次挑战。这项文件是继“高档数控机床与基础制造装备科技重大专项”之后的又一次将大型数控机床列入我国未来几年的振兴规划目标。这项举措既表明了国家对重型机床装备制造的高度重视，又体现了重型机床在国家装备制造业中的重要战略地位。通过对国
43、内用户厂家的调研了解，多数用户仍采用国外的机床、工装外协加工零件，生产效率低，成本高，生产周期长，运输限制等，许多厂家的设备急待增添和重新改造，如中船南京绿洲、广州船厂、中国一重、中国二重、东方电机、太原重工、江南重工、上海汽轮机厂等厂家都表示急需国产大型数控落地式镗铣机床。目前，多数厂家资金有限，希望少花钱多办事，且希望售后服务及时周到，而在价格方面，国产数控落地式镗铣机床只有国外同类产品的 1/32/3。因此大型落地镗铣（加工中心）的技术研发，在国内有着广阔的市场和发展前景。“高档数控机床与基础制造装备”已被科技部列为重大科技专项，其目标是到 2020 年，形成自主开发能力；总体技术水平进
44、入国际先进行列，部分技术水平国际领先；研究开发出若干具有原创性的重大产品和技术；满足国内主要行业对制造装备的基本需求。大型数控落地镗铣床作为机械装备母机，在造船、工程机械、航空航天、汽车、铁路、电力设备、风电设备、动力设备、制冷设备、石化设备等方面均有着不可替代的作用。目前汽车行业前景乐观，但是对机床需求并没有随着汽车数量的上升而上扬，中国汽车工程学会装备部部长陈长年就汽车发展对机床装备需求认为：“汽车制造水平质量取决于装备水平，同时，汽车工业国际竞争又取决于装备先进性制造成本。”航空航天作为我国高科技水平的代表产业同样对制造技术水平要求很高。航空航天产业中对产品零件的要求不同于一般工业的要求
45、其产品往往具备耐高温、高强度、结构复杂、低振动、多工艺要求等特点，这就促使机床加工设备向大重型、高速、精密、智能化等趋势发展。特别是航空发动机及其零部件的加工对数控机床的要求最为苛刻，精度、振动、转速等各方面要求都较为严格，因此数控立车、数控精密镗铣五轴加工中心等机床应运而生。发电工业同样成为机床重点服务的行业，其对机床的需求主要是：发电机和汽轮机的转子需求数控重型卧式车床、数控叶根槽铣床，定子需求大型数控落地铣镗铣床、数控龙门镗铣床等等。结合以上调查可以发现制造装备特别是大型数控落地镗铣床在军用、民用产业方面的重大作用，因此对其进行专业方面的研究，使此项技术能尽早投入生产转化成生产力是非常
46、有必要的。1.4大型龙门铣床简介龙门铣床简称龙门铣，是具有门式框架和卧式长床身的铣床。龙门铣床上可以用多把铣刀同时加工表面，加工精度和生产效率都比较高，适用于在成批和大量生产中加工大型工件的平面和斜面。数控龙门铣床还可加工空间曲面和一些特型零件。1.5大型龙门铣床的分类按龙门架是否移动，分为龙门固定工作台移动式（约占90%以上）和龙门移动式（又称桥式）。桥式龙门铣的特点是占地面积小，承载能力大，龙门架行程可达20米，便于加工特长或特重的工件。按横梁是否在立柱上运动，分为动梁式和定梁式两种；横梁在高架床身上移动称为高架式。下图2.1所示为意大利因赛桥式龙门铣图2.1 意大利因赛桥式龙门铣1.6大
47、型龙门铣床的结构 龙门铣床由门式框架、床身工作台和电气控制系统构成。如下图2.2所示图2.2 龙门铣床图门式框架由立柱和顶梁构成，中间还有横梁。横梁可沿两立柱导轨作升降运动。横梁上有12个带垂直主轴的铣头，可沿横梁导轨作横向运动。两立柱上还可分别安装一个带有水平主轴的铣头，它可沿立柱导轨作升降运动。这些铣头可同时加工几个表面。每个铣头都具有单独的电动机（功率最大可达150千瓦）、变速机构、操纵机构和主轴部件等。卧式长床身上架设有可移动的工作台，并覆有护罩。加工时，工件安装在工作台上并随之作纵向进给运动。龙门铣床还有一些变型以适应不同的加工对象。龙门镗铣床：横梁上装有可铣可镗的铣镗头，其主轴（套
48、筒或滑枕）能作轴向机动进给并有运动微调装置,微调速度可低至5毫米/分。可进行镗孔及铣削作业。龙门钻铣床：横梁上装有动力头，通过接杆装钻头或铣刀，可完成钻孔及铣削作业。龙门铣床床身上装设有X轴导轨，龙门铣床工作台跨越紧固在该床身上。工作台上方活动跨越架设有龙门架，龙门架还包括有：龙门架拖板，龙门架拖板活动夹持于该X轴导轨上。Z轴导轨，装设于龙门架上。横梁，该横梁装设有一Z轴拖板，横梁通过该Z轴拖板而活动夹持于该Z轴导轨上，横梁上还装设有Y轴导轨。铣削装置，龙门铣床铣削装置活动装设于该Y轴导轨上，使该龙门架在数控电路控制系统的控制下，作X、Y、Z三轴的立体空间铣削加工。该数控龙门铣床具有高精度的铣、钻、镗、削等操作。1.7大型龙门铣床的性能特点龙门铣床具有足够的刚性，效率高，操作方便，结构简单，性能全面性等特点。其具体的性能特点根据种类、型号以及厂家各有不同，与所采用的技术有很大关系。以之前提到的SK系列三轴数控龙门铣为例，其性能特点在于：1.立铣头配置TX400重型龙门铣头，双矩形导轨，刚性强；2. 侧铣头配置V
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