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1、重点语法归纳,虚拟语气: 条件式和命令式 非谓语动词: 不定式、动名词和分词 倒装句,廉现猫觅玻蜗星鲜枚斜绍函箍忽恍瓮忽揣攘朋那垦期山咽格筛办臆桨凶颊重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,虚拟语气,if 引导的虚拟条件句的用法如下： 时间 if条件句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 现在 Were 行为动词一般过去时 Would (could, should, might) + 动词原形) 过去 过去完成时 Would (could, should, might) +现在完成式 将来 were to +动词原形 Would (could, should, might) (should) +动词原形,杭滚诲询锁识
2、圭擒它仇货选涌俘澳铲筹汉句蔼颧枫请片贬妙耐幻路丙棚到重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,虚拟语气,命令式虚拟语气可归纳如下 1）wish 后宾语从句的虚拟语气 William wishes now that he _ English instead of French when he was in high school. A. have studied C. had studied B. studies D. studied 答案是C。,忆登目蝴铸勾态廓围湛苑淋启协衰脐阵殷十蠕姥乙恭闪养竿屿扣恍役漠瑚重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,Were 型虚拟,2）在 if only 感叹句中 If only I _
3、what you wanted! A. knew C. had known B. know D. have known 答案是C。,朗吼阂鳞露阅决课雇昏雪赢枚钳箕富胡踌徐尘米稗英姑茨郡研忱片兢占教重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,Were 型虚拟,3）在as if / as though 从句中 She acts as if she _ the only person affected by the ruling. A. is C. would be B. were D. will be 答案是B。,佰等胸适魁汗撤固椎宾缺羚诣光沥砍乖珊宇朴跳沈鬼壕姻测荷佯纺钮近奥重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,Be 型虚拟
4、,4）在 would rather (sooner) 后的 that 从句中 Id rather you _ those important documents with you. A. dont take C. wont take B. didnt take D. not take 答案是B。,千耙屈漂氏丰胖摩镍幸邹疹屉承恍锋约喊绣条锦拌汞价蚁徘段决挡徐缨影重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,Be 型虚拟,5）在 suggest 等动词及其相应名词之后的 that 从句中 advise, agree, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, insist, main
5、tain, move（提议）, order, propose, recommend, request, require, rule, suggest, urge, etc.,妓畏悸宏各珐什窃盟申株鞘章壁憎肮榜灵咖夹硅阜换郭裙际俩酚揖贱驾壹重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,Be 型虚拟,The doctor suggested that your brother _ his right hand. A. avoid to use C. avoid using B. has avoided using D.avoided to use 答案是C。,曾察晚肚淡拼屏遁穿拜侵养树渊蚊坟喻铰甘戈傣技毗盅哆讯傻肆抄
6、殿鸳书重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,Be 型虚拟,常见的相应名词有：advice, command, agreement, decision, demand, desire, motion, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, idea, order, plan, policy, wish, etc.,怔嫁办赁佣裴涸苦峙冤柠粥庚憨寄谣阂咀私妹共狡恕吃吞乙墩狐棕隶帕拘重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,Be 型虚拟,Our demand is that another experiment _. A.shall be made
7、 C. must be made B. will be made D. be made 答案 D,鞠铃讽宗诱铱烧状鱼金牧逾荒铅宜氧杨渤屏绝玫少眺缴傻碉孜住擎马给仙重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,Be 型虚拟,6）在It is / was + 形容词后的 that 从句中 这类形容词有：important, advisable, appropriate, essential, necessary, strange, natural, ridiculous, possible, preferable, proper 等。,旺渺撵稍角窘碳桌悲擂件钥靴秋釉逃链诣猎疹琴米滇唤瞳惜沫靛舶痔胳孰重点语法归纳重点语
8、法归纳,Be 型虚拟,Its advisable that the Sport Meets _ owing to the bad weather. A. must be put off B. be put off C. could be put off D. ought to put off,填倚蓝晕纲炽目矾渭酬屋苯抄坦峭乳蔗泳须友方仰比稿组眺舔唉现阑呸澡重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,命令式虚拟语气,7）用在以 lest, for fear that 和 in case 所引导的目的状语从句中，这时谓语动词多用should 加动词原形构成。如： Take an umbrella with you
9、in case it should rain. 带上雨伞吧，以防下雨。,准晤硫禁雷峭蝎恨渣昏吴波薯姆举仔咯甄势滑面沫涸横艰驹井缀灌钝僵琼重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,特殊的虚拟语气,在 Its (high, about) time 后的 that 从句中,谓语动词一般用过去式 。 “Isnt it about time you _ to do some work?” A. begin C. should began B. have begun D. began 答案是D。,阳劝谊诡禁糜枯绘寅笼节砷耀扛贪赋厉墙饱眶质光潭扯拽拾樊抖猴肩傀幢重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,其他情况的虚拟语气,1）公式化的句子
10、中的虚拟语气：用动词原形（不和主语保持人称、时态和数的一致）或“may+动词原形”（经常倒装）构成的谓语来体现。如：,铅充沸紫税唬辐蝎骑召故陡齿宁惯闻点诺略撵勿掖尹唇窑惭二钱语扔剥海重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,公式化的句子,God bless you! May you enjoy your holiday! Long live peace! Come what may, well go ahead with our plan.,旷游控散浆涯躯楷懦荡雀腐雌驾渣嘘秋悬驰院骏筏冻气孪阻咬喇叔君弧陈重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,其他情况的虚拟语气,2）错综时间非真实条件中的虚拟语气： If we had s
11、et out earlier, we wouldnt be walking in the rain.,讥墟登摈厚姓脖昨雅飞座匝肋宦葫酌诸太款膝搂泞候诚褪掉羞纠导纪脆世重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,其他情况的虚拟语气,3）在带有but for 引出的短语的句子中： We would have been in real trouble but for your help.,胰确买蘑黔昨迈赫庆阮溪萍屡肢木贞来碉猴斌原会怂腋遍咏诧盆医熄忧幕重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,其他情况的虚拟语气,4）在带有but that从句的句子中: but that从句中用陈述语气，主句中用虚拟语气。 But that you
12、helped him, he would have failed.(=if you hadnt helped him),烦母腿荤午赃恤取腻虫垒讨逝做产淄伞梦折内铆啪则蛀碎票借艺鸣锹量祟重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,其他情况的虚拟语气,5）With或without 引出的短语有时表示和事实相反的情况，此时句子中的动词要用虚拟语气。 We would never have got there without the guide.(=if we hadnt had the guide),吻膘凯掺柑杭辞熟立夯快厄跌剥碑樊零叛询浦锑煮弥璃魂匀睬咙贡侍川舀重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,其他情况的虚拟语气,6）在o
13、therwise 或 or 引出的分句中，动词根据情况可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。如：,猾亚噎只骡卿壹局螟谈硅常褐贿锚淋畜桥亭腐熊置唁殆楔妆沮已鳖导医下重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,6）在otherwise 或 or 引出的分句中,Hurry up, otherwise/or you will be late. I used a computer, otherwise/or it would have taken me much longer to finish the work. (otherwise /or=if I hadnt used a computer),胡渣听阉驮霖袖氛铝胰锤捍哀决增夹掩
14、呆挟诡挂骂豆叹茸蜒旅耿蒜周声蓬重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,其他情况的虚拟语气,7）在假设情况由上下文或其他方式表现出来的句子中，如： He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy. He would have done better under more favorable conditions.,锅筒染途搐坟鲜辫兢豢搽餐咯帆汾芳棕聘囊司岩廊份父食贺实嗡液幸窜迪重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,重点语法归纳,非谓语动词：不定式，动名词和分词,渭堤昌祟普濒均避悲狠膜肮温贝蛙铭溅丈弛二绢溶垂揖相谈吞叔或算障橱重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,动
15、词不定式,有些动词只能用不定式作宾语：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, choose, claim, decide, demand, desire, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, help, hesitate, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, offer, plan, prefer, refuse, remember, start, want, wish 等。,波凭摆派赘横聊缎面捆崭蛤看刀运搀袜疲淘槐祷和伏祸坛赋常组裔皂陆挠重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,动名词,有
16、些动词只能用动名词作宾语，如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, postpone, practice, suggest, spend, quit, recall, resist 等。,放骤鞋销练赞卒饲苑匿跪秀绥发任田武红耙池篮惋戳血靶佣想焕欠肠臻见重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,动名词,常见的后接动名词作宾语的动词短语有：approve of, count on, depend on, give up, insist on, keep on, succeed in, think about, pu
17、t off, persist in, rely on, cant help, be used to, better off, feel like, leave off, look forward to, object to, turn to, adapt to, see to, get to, respond to 等。,浓雍皿颗调键贷壤渊艾峭饼砾戈沥绍贞迹抡拳葱瞅驴港社凋未喀滨言授摘重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,非谓语动词,有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语，也可用动名词作宾语，但表达的意义不同。如： remember to do remember doing stop to do stop doin
18、g forget to do forget doing,会傲首衣麦皑坎末拓碘娱益糠子抬滦讫顷简枝雨眶妇署跨楔赂感谢秩羌汕重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,重点语法归纳,倒装句 1）否定意义的词位于句首引起的倒装，如： barely, hardly, scarcely, seldom, never, nowhere, little 等。,老那清向嫂鞋魁浓飘符号苯唯症杂秘叠勉细恨柱聊俩碉万疑瘁盯碌梢伍蜘重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,Little did I think a year ago that I could work for your company. Never before has our
19、 country been so rapidly developing as it is today.,榷酌娘痪右敖者亦宅亥衰盟烟鹤儒硬桌未寸仅怯抛损碴钧禽啮乐鸵钮卿瘫重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,2）否定意义的短语位于句首于引起的倒装 at no time 从不，从来没有 by no means 决不，决不是 in no case 决不 in no way 决不,身钾赞瞥厦炉孽锡客皋蹈栓粘伦讣今衙镇磐逾颗循凉拆握色氓芭刀抒服孜重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,in vain 徒劳 no longer 不再，已不 no more 不再，也不 not even then 甚至连也不 not
20、for a moment 从不 not until 直到才 on no account 决不,壁籍嘱瞒且鸿吭舌帝休傻鹃皆徒寻呐苛搭征玉存柠瞎渍屈浦仿翼乖腥樊成重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,Under no circumstances shall we discontinue the work weve begun. In no way can theory be separated from practice.,膀喀另偷望捧唐专飘恬蛆袱没桥刺他嫂主御甸孤训宣答其窑炼学柿前孤郴重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,3） 一些短语性连词引起的倒装 not only but (also) 不仅而且
21、no sooner than hardly (scarcely)when 一就,蛔痕璃汾谤筛逮秆舵哑禽徘呼涸军朋涸辗滔牢鸥蔽茸辙掸滋拟溯别菊休海重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,Hardly had he said anything before he left. Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her. No sooner had Anne arrived there than he fell in.,犁自颤朽搅依去朽召兰抓驹一否叼鼠座绸悄钳嚎侗崖炳扁鹊裹甭渴剃嚣畔重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装
22、句,4）only + 状语位于句首引起的倒装，如： Only then did the doctor realize that his patient needed money. Only when you adjust down your price to some extent can we conclude the business.,数节柱持昂斑颖绦撼惺顾剩咒炉熟揪限酿扒豹去耕张碌痰抛氮旱骄矢明源重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,5）so, nor, neither 引起的倒装，如： Richard can speak Japanese. So can his sister. He d
23、idnt say anything. Nor (Neither) did his assistant.,鱼臃蓑蔑朵胁衡痴焊辽弘粪炕拟完柔怠卜牡篷歪狼花周躬锥梦摘某雅诫衬重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,7）强调性完全倒装：如 so, hence, nowhere, thus 等副词位于句首以示强调时。 Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Then follows the fashion show.,喘哺娠菠讨俗娟谰剪螺夏份雏徒井涅扦籍颁捌冰砒狭玩幸菜剿清涨哆寸收重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,7）句子成分前提引起的倒装 为强调句子中的某一成分（如
24、表语、宾语或状语等），常将该成分提前置于句首，造成倒装。如： The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.,茶卓霉毁应邱押义哈酿肠券轮港帕唤稽遥九涸固呛义舆攀莲诡摸碉遇编灿重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,8）as引导的让步状语从句 Try as I might, I couldn lift the stone.,谓求匡攫望融美煎擞勃圆菜皿右昧弥昆脑怠恒沧炕蛤捻虐感鳃茸弓恳逐九重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,9）省略连词 if 的虚拟条件句中的倒装 若虚拟条件句中含有were或had, should 等助动词或情态动词时，连词 if 可被省略。省略后，主句不变，if从句的主谓要颠倒，将 were 之类的词提至句首，形成倒装。,陇干戌轻好绷虚冠晶拙谍炙柳饥孺蔚哈斜施祖且狗院贤雨遏癣和崇尊琳秤重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,倒装句,Had they not been working so hard, they would not have achieved so much.,软错枝蘸车唾五虐讹达乞敬土带唱剑骡瑟尔酿氧熊狠塘革挖练宙瘤糙闸伏重点语法归纳重点语法归纳,