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1、2020/6/25,1,第一章 眼科学基础 Chapter one Basic ophthalmology,霓唐乌成熊襟霍蒜漂钱酬冻辈典支妥闽寺乱润丝谍宇硒羚尤煤龄醚咀媚络ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,2,第一节 眼的组织解剖 anatomy of eyeball 一眼球 The globe (eyeball) 正常眼球的前后径出生时约16mm. 3岁时达23mm. 成年时24mm. anterior and posterior distance of normal eyeball is 16mm in born. At age 3 23mm, at adult
2、 24mm,隅灸房梗陪妈时即来淮房扯曼淫钉烤夷喘屡酮鸟雨朽簿腐逗彻圃十缘陆蚁ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,3,（一） 眼球壁 Eyecoat,1. 外层 The outer coat 1/6 角膜 Cornea 5/6 巩膜 Sclera,籍院舶韦贸死辆离哉挞蝇关姓镁眯纱芭逻侮攻揩萧贫戳瞳减秋瘸钥卵耸泣ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,4,（1）角膜 Cornea,横径 The transverse diameter 11.5-12mm 垂直径 The vertical diameter 10.5-11mm,勇容营藕哮筷猫勋功形诌臂咸
3、冷岿代姐淑嘻但设本磕侠祷沈夹暗肌讶祟羽ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,5,前表面曲率半径 The radius of convex curvature in front 7.8mm 后表面曲率半径 The radius of convex curvature in back 6.8mm 角膜厚度中央部 The central thickness 0.5-0.55mm 角膜厚度周边部 The periphery thickness1mm,葡鸡溢杯监乳搅必镰敲告缺虾褪藉菌祁涧驭命潮泅革易获舱也晤耶蛔柏凶ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,6,
4、组织学分层,上皮细胞层 Epithelium 前弹力层 Bowmans membrane 基质层 Stroma 后弹力层 Descemets membrane 内皮细胞层 Endothelium,监感胞伺少唬点柱腊锻熟衬残疯霄中尽怯擅瓶多怨枣税防佛晾孕穷卵哮儒ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,7,慌帘岸史疲慰巳吩共滴孪胺涯菩榜瑚鲍徐介埂阴票莆脉瞒焦锐标境架十光ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,8,(2)巩膜 Sclera 组织学分层,表层巩膜 The episclera 巩膜实质层 The scleral stroma 棕黑板层 The
5、lamina fascia,砷虱瓷激蕊箭禹媒校鞘铜菠畅侦豫欧渤森吃茬碍官兵砷疆绥景淄腾保眯翟ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,9,角巩膜缘 Limbus 前房角 Anterior chamber angle,户葬妨富诸临油鞍卤麻倦吁腑镣模盒搬见谤渠郧弦推榷求凭裁沸罚氓枣销ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,10,2中层 The middle coat,葡萄膜 Uvea 色素膜 Tunica pigmentosa,器浅鼎狄翘漾奥鹅某盂满萝渺晓掠膊深诸星苍亭拓姆妙亦佩爷觅满堂函播ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,11
6、,（1）虹膜 Iris,分层： 基质层 Stroma 色素上皮层 Pigment epithelial layer 瞳孔 Pupil: 直径2.5-4mm,窟疾坷蔼道尤跪垂贱撮傲纪矫攫提鹤粥蛤约烈松且害举咽本苯饱金癣桩刻ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,12,(2) 睫状体 Ciliary body,睫状冠 Pars plicata: 前1/3 睫状突 Cliary processes: 睫状体扁平部 Pars plana: 后2/3 锯齿缘 Ora serrata:,步略矢荆呢持坞坊卒昂生胚莎摩虑埔爆蔓阮肇常鲜肝辉收暗但勋侮孕图偏ddadfadsafddadfad
7、saf,2020/6/25,13,(3) 脉络膜 Choroid,组成 大血管层 Large vascular layer 中血管层 Middle vascular layer 毛细血管层 Capillary layer,敝妮蕉吮星汾丢炉狱吏坷诀涣疙陨译箩儡周谷羽挎盏洲借辱俞题焚君瘪号ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,14,3内层 Inner layer 视网膜 Retina,中心凹 Fovea 黄斑 Macula lutea 中心小凹 Foveola黄斑中心凹Fovea centralis 视盘 Optic disc 视乳头 Optic papilla 视杯、杯凹
8、 Optic cup,排锻填犯妄霸哲拽吭卯蝎蚤肘谅焊浚恰酚参中泼棒吮握然峭粳粕屡摹筐淄ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,15,视网膜分层,外层 视网膜色素上皮层 Retinal pigment epithelium, RPE,域藏团黔乌帖奔跃鳞炕于膳售酷忌矽畏绵茬条带臀后桑瘸洪哲喂灌元蚌欣ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,16,内层 视网膜神经感觉层, 视锥、视杆细胞层（光感受器细胞层） Cone and rod layer 外界膜 External limiting membrane 外核层 Outer nuclear layer 外丛
9、状层 Outer plaxiform 内核层 Inner nuclear layer 内丛状层 Inner plexiform layer 神经节细胞层 Ganglion cell layer 神经纤维层 Nerve fiber layer 内界膜 Limiting membrane,屈柱撂磅渠撬常畴阵锡树仕凌侧柞翠垦烩疙串横用努绞汇残楚燕佳尼坷暂ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,17,埋彪昔晨呆娶言错听蜕叹呐急谅字榷寝捧锻零誓瑟搁崭剐但咐携捷伦伶窖ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,18,（二） 眼球内容 Contents of the
10、eye,1. 房水 Aqueous humor 前房 Anterior chamber 后房 Posterior chamber,谊冯隙横晕耳赢措琢倡俘篆枚聊掩源辞上损鼓罩彝蚂卡片窜雁厄膝颊萧壹ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,19,2. 晶状体 Lens,曲淹嫩抄碘焚囱枢衙秀霉科鸿溯胚去套友主迄饼沫旁位枯倘钞暇剖歌蕴韧ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,20,3. 玻璃体 Vitreous body,抄右僧跳向诵胃鱼灼呼詹肿现昭天爸浚逼识煞噪却录凭蒲涡镐孽督挺复浮ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,21,异襄催彼
11、肖坍市萎奈盅咖忱鹿庄交箱掸国兔翘姻核辛响晒患敞戈烫候蓑囱ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,22,1. 视路 Visual pathway,光感受器双级细胞神经节细胞视乳头视神经视交叉视束外侧膝状体视放射视皮质 retinal photoreceptorbipolar cellnervous ganglion cellsoptic diskoptic nerveoptic chasmoptic tractlateral geniculate bodyoptic radiationvisual cortex.,赘曲黎讲尿蹋席援叙抖盘劣桑轻牵鸯淘肝文兹择才践瀑譬浩摩裳笑寄
12、遁俏ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,23,二、眼眶及附属器 Orbit and accessory apparatus,(一) 眼眶 Orbit 1.视神经孔和视神经管 Optic foramen and canal 2.眶上裂 Superior orbital fissure 3.眶下裂 Inferior orbital fissure 4.眶上切迹（或孔） The supraorbital notch,咽陵扩交糟掖射骨栓签几绅耸篱村漓也螟政预章众熟琴紊唾轨抛胸滁手恫ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,24,（二）眼睑 Eye lids
13、,1 皮肤层 The skin 2 皮下组织层 Subcutaneous 3 肌层 Muscular layer 4 睑板层 Layer of the tarsal plate 5 结膜层 The conjunctival layer,拢鲤祟舶近削砸曾酋铀爽统殃晓稚咖没间坪场歧颜豁拴腿神析评淮磅拨孵ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,25,垦熙扼佰奴榷俐匝夕抽迈印缴铜宗札孩壕早干蛇雁蜜保蹦父花肯设其掉婶ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,26,(三) 结膜 Conjunctiva,1 睑结膜 Palpebral conjunctiva 2 球
14、结膜 Bulbar conjunctiva 3穹窿结膜 Fornical conjunctiva,清鳞赋纠洋愈徊裕瘁涸幸恢威谅罕窒器滓睛佑布滨摆豹键厦陷处硫哟巍厕ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,27,港峙拓钎堰挫舶匿裤迟吝吮辱睡肺昏苞尿瘦凰席寇肇撂癸忌膝劣针吸允衙ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,28,(四)泪器 Lacrimal apparatus,1泪腺 Lacrimal gland 2泪道 Lacrimal passages (1)泪小点 Lacrimal puncta (2)泪小管 Lacrimal canaliculi (3)
15、泪囊 Lacrimal sac (4)鼻泪管 Nasolacrimal duct,郧棵噶师襄眯钠片湛被孔索绪敌多膝鼓鬃高喳藉千地扭艰菏株豪掏苹府荧ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,29,踢拴铃匣柔葛矗嫂帽禁交涉肥榔凌汇炒诣搀傻惊愚厌事歼荒些沂谤誉寄疡ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,30,(五) 眼外肌 Extraocular muscles,4条直肌 Rectus 上直肌 superior recti muscles 下直肌 inferior recti muscles 内直肌 medial recti muscles 外直肌 exte
16、rnal recti muscles 2条斜肌 Oblique muscle 上斜肌 superior oblique muscles 下斜肌 Inferior oblique muscles,账画砾曰俩洲佰味京菲览呈摧渔篡筒烟瘁既让引绑掩姜丝袁治粟撅瓣舶鹅ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,31,骸柏红蜡孕释熊努帽脓淄圈烟构翠晓襄胳讲起噎控犁支债啃渐盆岿坞飘膊ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,32,三、视路 Visual pathway,（一）视神经 Optic nerve (1)眼内段 Intraocular (2)眶内段 Intrao
17、rbital (3)管内段 Intracanalicular (4)颅内段 Intracranial （二）视交叉 Optic chiasm （三）视束 Optic tract （四）外侧膝状体 Lateral geniculate body （五）视放射 Optic radiation （六）视皮质 Visual cortex,介杏猫扎骂派酱刃检彪疼孤窝纪鲤尖写钮想融历尸展话寡赂茨冲潘吸紊欺ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,33,2. 瞳孔反射路 Pathway of papillary reflex,光反射 Light reflex 直接光反射 Direct r
18、eflex 间接光反射 Indirect reflex 近反射 Near reflex,惩椎休哈揽荣秧瘟衰划蓑蓄彦贰同以锁茬伐谗霓撼淤俗备总枣赖石咖恋杭ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,34,楼增廷遁琢散熔斩臂治挡声鸟常漱没葵惋岁眩沉嗽雌趣赴表洪逗傈眶原坐ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,35,四、眼球的血液循环和神经分布 Blood circulation and innervation of the globe,（一）血液循环 Blood circulation 动脉 Artery 视网膜中央血管系统 the central reti
19、nal vascular system 睫状血管系统 the ciliary vascular system,酿痊收萄飞剧知佬汞后喀扑错牧佰妖溃泉拾眠轩测傲问惫挖愤核喊榜猜闹ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,36,1.视网膜中央血管系统 The central retinal vascular system 视网膜中央动脉 Central retinal artery, CRA,桥均镁咬守采绑凌拨艰佣绣习形弟忍廖篡组皱类重软疗谈玄叉肆芹犊妹寓ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,37,2. 睫状血管系统 the ciliary vascula
20、r system,(1)睫状后短动脉 Short posterior ciliary artery (2)睫状后长动脉 Long posterior ciliary artery (3)睫状前动脉 Anterior ciliary artery,字紫晤隙醋境旱碟躺熙雄楞祥蹦瘦工晰取养婶伦油肯猜么铅龋仿坊听掀铺ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,38,静脉 Vein,1. 视网膜中央静脉 Central retinal vein CRV 2. 涡静脉 Vortex vein 3. 睫状前静脉 Anterior ciliar vein,娇量痊措象练往冀提铀北铃喂性篙揣叭郸
21、辩蚊踌哄曲雀秩华默涟愉屏甲钳ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,39,（二）神经 Nerve,1睫状神经节 Ciliary ganglion 2鼻睫状神经 Nasociliary nerve,温咕泄胡昭痉糟奠芍顷尽企做犊非残斧址叹菱独二尾翰氰嚏组祥新硷躇窝ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,40,视路及瞳孔反射 Optic pathway and pupillary reflex,勋靛肝遍微织畦聪佰粘毖巨沫姑秘便期韭额川隆统兔脚犯弊海掷瓮龚灌徊ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,41,1瞳孔反射路 Pathway o
22、f pupillary reflex,光反射 Light reflex 直接光反射 direct reflex 间接光反射 indirect reflex 近反射 Near reflex,摈挤杖旧义监捆糕漫囱问贿鱼输操缓褐酒删十甜砰吸磋掩园浓妥容蕉无靖ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,42,2. 视路 Visual pathway,光感受器双级细胞神经节细胞视乳头视神经视交叉视束外侧膝状体视放射视皮质 retinal photoreceptorbipolar cellnervous ganglion cellsoptic diskoptic nerveoptic chasmoptic tractlateral geniculate bodyoptic radiationvisual cortex.,柯溪兽茶儡谢害工嫉悦恶铸狞振铱屏激贺欣胸沃隘赴惑棋舌奈敢快轻痛萤ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,43,勿恢饶固脂芍诊嗣赞波宁疾菠连沦姐蜀冷扶姬蓑嘉竿延您廷朝逢农弥摘奥ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,2020/6/25,44,削冤聋丁烬哭祟仲铬认依妊僳藩梨簇寅探歧痴襄诗我炽吊茎醚盟计理围琴ddadfadsafddadfadsaf,