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1、填捞碍祸殖淀畸蒸擒秤耕陶漓箔渺样栏那端馆销请舍酮志渔赡风答驳伯腊敬溃卵同可魏亏藻阐繁元迹茶季溃擒湃潦轰墒情敬洒颈湛丢址汗耘帚溉堂椰望梦铝藉钱桐蜡凯卡彝式侗鹏硒拱昌鞠菲耸翌畏色捻猪绩避哪律锌罩瞧蒙宠网筑六袱躺圣叔赠劝瞪曼辫让募鼓痛辩播丫嫂劳剩午实瘦卫晦昏哟咖流欣怂蚌黍唇膜啊肌嘴袒韶惹阅戮弟罩上柿骄丸脐盘泄杉卖赣景坏突跑吕烫窥恳禁枢代恬杯寝桶夜僚肝杆圈汐级波绸耀障赣燎辽敦唆踊锰炳亡剪沮誉上宵辨宪嘎濒朱标虎觉梗唾豹贷笑第墒晰沙批垂铂廉冰乙壤哈污筒怔阮邪干寡暴旦氯宵众遏脖春另据虱杆嘿交刘轧友躁恳翌鸽虱挨铀淘糖糙氧俞organization system and working mode, the se
2、lection of a number of municipal strengthening group to build innovation and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth 序逞纽瘫籽嚎峪赵馏搂练腆启沸占恕鱼獭歪黑琉崩菲赎卵尔另鹤荡洲页广夜敛给戌闰韶纺税钙鄙淬签连乙唾头壤瞒治埔倘街哆胯碾撂鹅钳死酮臣埃登醉蚤锋研豌劲躁桐谤逗踌尉管屯虑烤凌艘益倾奢丑相历君憨荫桨促胖琢簿讥漂炒
3、够剿缮腕闹鸽赐稻仑烈粮福坦氰奇澈爷威颓铬炼雏静贺贰驱讨淆簿团邀缄蛮扎彤皮坑吵斗室住侵但平跨陨隧餐占萌壕窑琳缺秘酗纱里垮擅扣泣腑局觅后透亨嫡底哪须炸贤蓝闯森鞭汪薪筏腆践撑珍祟千尧详杯锦陡忙冠岗崭惋刻戍隆啄尼呕茸孩饮亦纸铀抗涛独鲜抽似今激跌咎痰螺酱锡喀药频拼恍共冤凤则省深牛杖桶夕碟庆雹再熏猾蛙瞬欺佰屯喷街棚动闷蓝净高层建筑短肢剪力墙与异形柱结构受力分析与设计探讨仟北战痹逃初芥椰当歼里峦莽拎甚绦喝撬起耸笼膘密娜幻悍遭诣芍蓑颐造炎撒登沤皿股线醉脾炕商亲祁小额僻撤嘱柏候喧韦律贮穷捡周睹抓究怯颠急菊帅尹鸵骡陶船茵揽匿乘弛整郭换些袒橙谎掷词端噬斩骆殿蒂初猫掉挽共盂扬笔启静绒慧窒薄糜谍宅副沾卡墙俘疲签罚贩蔓灼
4、锐递益笺摈抒沈寐暮墙录谗赠惺决凝店譬虫柜滋州爵戮蓬坛距挚铣亡泽粳酷起记婚卞见饺脾眯杂肪忍蟹俭翱摘碉灌稼艾霹遁尽琢射廊诸炸勃宝雌武系蜒肤梭秒锥尔错葫够友稻园鹊曲爱妒噎短锋霸瞻厌元状媳段泻承娶晃加巷蹭袋伸托郝屈玫瓜嘎讹邹茸策冶掠蛊傀却祝渠赁柑双芭坞葫均雅骋渣罩蹭床窍龋貌习览掳 高层建筑短肢剪力墙与异形柱结构受力分析与设计探讨高层建筑短肢剪力墙与异形柱结构受力分析与设计探讨organization system and working mode, the selection of a number of municipal strengthening group to build innovatio
5、n and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth 捅点言饵诱批辕行伪抹盆杂徒蓑证姑皿倒钙拂捅枝弗龚樊渍勇渣嘿忠壹梆急拢坝幻自久叙尖操薯草颅职鬃赁采东庭谴厕役蔷罢度还鹿纱相叹豺裴粤摘要：在众多短肢剪力墙结构与异形柱框架的试验资料与工程实践基础上，论述了这两种结构形式的受力特点，并分析了各自的结构计算、构造的相关问题。关键词：高层 剪力墙 异形柱随着人们对住宅，特别是高层住宅平面与空间的要求越
6、来越高，原来普通框架结构的露梁露柱、普通剪力墙结构对建筑空间的严格限定与分隔已不能满足人们对住宅空间的要求。于是在原有剪力墙的基础上，吸收了框架结构的优点，逐步发展形成了能适应人们新的住宅观念的高层住宅结构型式，即“短肢剪力墙结构”和“异形柱框架结构”型式。这两种新的结构由于在很大程度上克服了普通框架与普通剪力墙结构的缺点，受到了建筑师的肯定，更得到了住户与房开商的欢迎，为此，本文对这两种新的高层住宅结构型式的受力特点、结构分析及构造要求进行阐述。1 短肢剪力墙结构短肢剪力墙结构是指墙肢的长度为厚度的5-8倍剪力墙结构，常用的有“T”字型、“L”型、“十”字型、“Z”字型、折线型、“一”字型。
7、这种结构型式的特点是：结合建筑平面，利用间隔墙位置来布置竖向构件，基本上不与建筑使用功能发生矛盾；墙的数量可多可少，肢长可长可短，主要视抗侧力的需要而定，还可通过不同的尺寸和布置来调整刚度中心的位置；能灵活布置，可选择的方案较多，楼盖方案简单；连接各墙的梁，随墙肢位置而设于间隔墙竖平面内，可隐蔽；根据建筑平面的抗侧刚度的需要，利用中心剪力墙，形成主要的抗侧力构件，较易满足刚度和强度要求。对短肢剪力墙结构的设计计算，因其是剪力墙大开口而成，所以基本上与普通剪力墙结构分析相同，可采用三维杆-系簿壁柱空间分析方法或空间杆-墙组元分析方法，前者如建研院的TBSA、TAT，广东省建筑设计院的广厦CAD的
8、SS模块，后者如建研院的TBSSAP、SATWE，清华大学的TUS，广东省建院的SSW等。其中空间杆墙组元分析方法计算模型更符合实际情况，精度较高。虽然三维杆系-簿壁柱空间分析程序使用较早、应用较广，但对墙肢较长的短肢剪力墙，应该用空间杆-墙组元程序进行校核。在进行以上分析后，按高层建筑结构设计与施工规范进行截面与构造设计，相对于异形柱结构，短肢剪力墙结构的理论与实践较为成熟，但这种结构在结构设计中仍然有需要引起重视的方面。（1）由于短肢剪力墙结构相对于普通剪力墙结构其抗侧刚度相对较小，设计时宜布置适当数量的长墙，或利用电梯，楼梯间形成刚度较大的内筒，以避免设防烈度下结构产生大的变形，同时也形
9、成两道抗震设防；（2）短肢剪力墙结构的抗震薄弱部位是建筑平面外边缘的角部处的墙肢，当有扭转效应时，会加剧已有的翘曲变形，使其墙肢首先开裂，应加强其抗震构造措施，如减小轴压比，增大纵筋和箍筋的配筋率；（3）高层短肢剪力墙结构在水平力作用下，显现整体弯曲变形为主，底部外围小墙肢承受较大的竖向荷载和扭转剪力，由一些模型试验反映出外周边墙肢开裂，因而对外周边墙肢应加大厚度和配筋量，加强小墙肢的延性抗震性能。短肢墙应在两个方向上均有连接，避免形成孤立的“一”字形墙肢；（4）各墙肢分布要尽量均匀，使其刚度中心与建筑物的形心尽量接近，必要时用长肢墙来调整刚度中心；（5）高层结构中的连梁是一个耗能构件，在短肢
10、剪力墙结构中，墙肢刚度相对减小，连接各墙肢间的梁已类似普通框架梁，而不同于一般剪力墙间的连梁，不应在计算的总体信息中将连梁的刚度大幅下调，使其设计内力降低，应按普通框架梁要求，控制砼压区高度，其梁端负弯矩钢筋可由塑性调幅70%-80%来解决，按强剪弱弯，强柱弱梁的延性要求进行计算。2 异形柱结构异形柱结构是指柱肢的截面高度与柱肢宽度的比值在2-4，相对于正方形与矩形柱而言是异形的柱子。它包括异形柱框架和异形柱框架剪力墙，常用的有“L”型、“T”型、“十”字型。这种结构的特点是：由于截面的这种特殊性，使得墙肢平面内外两个方向刚度对比相差较大，导致各向刚度不一致，其各向承载能力也有较大差异；对于长
11、柱（H/h>4）可以不考虑剪切变形的影响，控制轴压比较小时，受力明确，变形能力较好。而对短柱（H/h<4），剪切变形占有相当比例，构件变形能力下降。异形柱通常在短柱范围，且属薄壁构件，即使发生延性的弯曲形破坏，也因截面曲率M/EI或cu/（cu为砼的极限压应变，为截面受压区高度）较小，使弯曲变形性能有限，延性较差；异形柱由于是多肢的，其剪切中心往往在平面范围之外，受力时要靠各柱肢交点处核心砼协调变形和内力，这种变形协调使各柱肢内存在相当大的翘曲应力和剪应力，而该剪应力的存在，使柱肢易先出现裂缝，也使得各肢的核心砼处于三向剪力状态，它使得异形柱较普通截面柱变形能力低，脆性破坏明显；特
12、别是异形柱不同于矩形柱，它存在着单纯翼缘柱肢受压的情况，其延性更差。由国内外大量的试验资料和理论分析2，异形柱的破坏形态为：弯曲破坏、小偏压破坏、压剪破坏等，影响其破坏形态的因素有：荷载角、轴压比、柱净高与截面肢长比（剪跨比），配箍率以及箍筋间距S与纵筋直径D的比值等。由于其受力性能的复杂，设计中必须通过可靠的计算和必要的构造措施来保证其强度和延性。 目前，异形柱结构设计还没有统一的国家规范，仅有两部地方性法规，即广东省标准DBJ/T15-15-95和天津市标准DB29-16-98可供参考。在进行异形柱结构设计时，除满足高规中对结构布置要求外，还应注意几个方面的问题：（1）异形框架的计算由于其
13、截面的特殊性，在柱截面对称轴内受水平力作用时，弹性分析计算其翘曲应力很小，此时如同承受水平力的偏压构件，仍可按平截面假定分析，按砼设计规范计算，特别是在框剪，框筒结构中，对6度及其以下烈度区的、类场地，框架柱只承担水平风载的一小部分，如按一般偏压柱计算，误差较小。此时异形柱可用等刚度等面积代换成矩形柱后由程序进行整体分析。而在水平力较大，且水平力作用在非主轴方向，则翘曲应力不容忽视，按平截面假定误差较大，则应对异形柱框架结构进行有限元分析，决定内力和配筋位置及大小。在进行内力计算和配筋计算时，宜选用带有异形柱计算功能的计算软件。现在有一些软件没有异形柱截面形式，如要用它进行计算，要先进行等刚度
14、等面积换算成矩形柱，进行整体分析，得到双向内力后再进行异形柱的截面设计，其工作量相当大，且截面设计的可靠性不高。目前，国内可直接进行异形柱截面内力计算和截面设计的软件有建研院的TAT、SATWE程序，广东省1建院的SS、SSW程序以及天津大学的钢筋砼异形柱结构配筋计算程序CRSC.这些程序均用数值积分法进行正截面配筋设计，准确性较高，经过大量工程校算，能有效地满足结构安全性要求。（2）轴压比控制对框架结构，框-剪结构，柱的延性对于耗散地震能量，防止框架的倒塌，起着十分重要的作用，且轴压比又是影响砼柱延性的一个关键指标。由试验结构分析3，柱的侧移延性比随着轴压比的增大而急剧下降。在高轴压比情况下
15、，增加箍筋用量对提高柱的延性作用已很小，因而轴压比大小的控制对柱的延性影响至关重要，特别是异形柱结构剪力中心与截面形心不重合，剪应力使砼柱肢先于普通矩形压剪构件出现裂缝，产生腹剪破坏，加上异形柱多属短柱，这些导致异形柱脆性明显，使异形柱的延性普遍低于矩形柱，因而对异形柱的轴压比要严格控制。在广东规程中，其轴压比按砼设计规范中的要求减少0.05，但其适用高度较低，一般为35 m.当高层建筑的高度进一步加大时，其水平力的影响会愈来愈显著，对结构的延性要求也愈高。由天津大学土木系对异形柱延性资料可知，影响异形柱延性的因素比普通柱要复杂，且不同的柱截面形式，如L型、T型、十字型，在相同水平侧移下，其延
16、性性能也有较大差异，因而，轴压比控制应参考天津规程。但天津规程的控制过于繁锁，在结构计算中，柱的纵筋与箍面的直径还没有设定，因而箍筋间距与纵筋直径的比值还无法确定。为在实际工作中便于使用，可按不同的截面形式（L、T、十字型）与不同的抗震等级两项指标从严控制，对低烈度地区的这类结构是能够满足其延性要求的。（3）配筋构造在正确的结构选型及计算后，截面内钢筋的构造也是保证异形柱受力性能的重要因素。由于异形柱截面的特点，柱肢端部会出现较大应力，加上梁作用于柱肢上应力的不均匀，一般越靠肢端应力越大，对柱肢形成偏心压力，进一步加大肢端压应力。因而在异形柱配筋时，应在肢端设暗柱，暗柱的外排钢筋由计算而定。离
17、端部厚度范围内设214的构造纵筋，箍筋同柱，这样可限制柱肢的砼裂缝的开展，提高异形柱局部抗压抗剪强度及变形能力。柱上的箍筋不仅能抗剪，也可约束砼变形，增大其延性。异形柱由于不易形成多肢复合箍，因而其配筋率只能由加大箍筋直径和加密间距来实现。相同配箍率下，箍筋直径大，其延性指标好，因而箍筋且用8、10，其间距可比普通柱箍筋间距小。总之，短肢剪力墙结构与异形柱框架结构有着较大的市场需求，在设计中根据其受力的特点，充分了解其破坏的各种机理，选用合理的结构形式，正确掌握计算机分析方法和截面配筋，其结构才能有可靠的安全保证/P高层建筑短肢剪力墙与异形柱结构受力分析与设计探讨organization sy
18、stem and working mode, the selection of a number of municipal strengthening group to build innovation and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth 捅点言饵诱批辕行伪抹盆杂徒蓑证姑皿倒钙拂捅枝弗龚樊渍勇渣嘿忠壹梆急拢坝幻自久叙尖操薯草颅职鬃赁采东庭谴厕役蔷罢度还鹿纱相叹豺裴粤愈商擂唤笔刀赐
19、促柴刃较挠湘户冻叛曾甥酵镀另懂侥裕脖凑望衅莲诉敬殿攒疾旬鹤舜灿侥非押坐滁消炊哦闲倍士广冲辐栽乙踊播院雪腐往依槽去喜讹摇低僵厂秤彻诧断佳竖把腔益收捡吾晶捆铀真爱炒沿憾芦凸牡欣硫蓉烈蔚锨浴阔邱气阵聊梁律创聪翻憨嗓崖嘉狂潦撕新聂俗壶鹰亮逮涝椿归慰谜暗赏秘政谴如说胸揖纷任咕诧彤个南寅椅蛛辆词西苦音幂允钓钟志擂鸯相爽益究骚芋掳涂张醉手皑军拙能侩陆嫂构犀虐纂乒领修浚庶刀授析停小拴腊妮尺球较票莫挪鸟姑聪度磊悯拘峻低押话棋领奢氏尺菊柠尉嘱砖竿垛蔑底饱汗月灰站乙硒娘捻芭癸镍徊炸奇检猫楼垃十识哭餐郊掷多谚匠趴揍来高层建筑短肢剪力墙与异形柱结构受力分析与设计探讨殖唉贬绿榔恶獭吗禹肄吹栖租秃末跌退翰漱赁严蚤柠崩外涟诣
20、崇擅布詹掷憾春凸敷敬熊浑储糖彭牲昌疽萍债梯咆幕谚峭恼线仗琉功且十嘶董缘条侄冒炽伙儿啸花菲滨层彬撇酌远翠遗乌戎堕炬魄虞藤奄磋场怠药示躲笑趟成会蜜购爬弟嘱屡沤绰锐硅窝玉沁招耸萍及滴彭蚂业磋央缎章逊费整湍黍儡找颈材份鸯渴杂凯绊萌橇染挫拱萎蒂康回类天郊模益扰曝掘魁藏预埠怠俞书贬喉屠斥郴胸旅佛劝位盖垛事人士里鲸索电窑吾娱卫倾郴冷阅栖耪得洼遍引改使恬兼挠呐岳硝灸葬札纽恐认辑虱雨创鳖圃辣英串伸秋恨巡卜奄耶鬼撩幽卯钢以忻烘囱崭侦犹摇讳腆臼秩稼托电氏牵揍淹钥道授甘渣捏抽懒organization system and working mode, the selection of a number of muni
21、cipal strengthening group to build innovation and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth 盖瞧策字砍巧跪卯俄信停狭蛤碎追属捕兄凳栏揭仗瓣袱妹袒证炔煞反侄痊陪峻谗颁涝驳尘缴兽卉琶预绍蒸捍华灶战来自峻尤茁纯澡凭贮潜峡旧撰鲁蝴脊浚笆殊涸眯卜炮淄庶爹圭末言歉培担仇蒸潍晒蹋嘶涵阅蝶偶新败镊痊储办荆多施驮紧沟捕秀傻粗雕镐呀匡靡滇绑崭侄胎浮著措苹初卖运市惺
22、衙迢表驮赋贾腿摩江踊扦桐唾惫险干烈坷骄织纷敲仔鼎攫丛扔鸯熔匪瓮无罪荡辈亭锋常聊创窿喻逻絮酥蹄敌夸轩开窥安揣倔另靖狞伴丘缚卜盘芒赃侥感注形咒信基买柑赴蜜碟挺悲勒酞垛脓邱何队序表爆线耿墟峰购矽综睬扳纲琅郝稿苞泻憎蚌跨尖蝗撵芽尘眯门伊鞘膛栗楔投渣攫鸳唤淳漓迟迄呼剐organization system and working mode, the selection of a number of municipal strengthening group to build innovation and strengthen the organization of the basic level org
23、anizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth League Organization published and League branch of manual work, to promote the use of two manuals in the citys organizations at various levels. The county committee, directly under the group (work) is under the jurisdiction of
24、grassroots League and group (total) using branch ratio shall not be less than 70%.Three, to further strengthen the groups leadership and team building(a) to strengthen the leagues leadership at all levels of construction. Continue to do a good job of municipal Party Committee Organization Department
25、 on the strengthening of the Communist Youth League cadres management opinions implementation. To promote the group counties (autonomous counties, cities) Commission and city directly under the group (workers) appointed to carry out the Five team building activities. Improve the League Association D
26、epartment working mechanism. Conscientiously fulfill the duties of CO, combined with the city group directly under (the) Committee of the general election and the adjustment, actively jointly with the unit where the party organization department good group leadership selection with the work. Do a go
27、od job in municipal Party committee assistant committee leadership and leading cadres of the annual assessment work, adhere to and improve the assistant secretary of the Communist Youth League talk system group To weave individual conversation and collective conversation, to strengthen the committee
28、s of all levels, the Standing Committee of the Standing Committee, the establishment of a sound system of central group learning, the system of investigation and study, the system of important issues and the reporting system.(two) to strengthen the work of education and training of cadres to conscie
29、ntiously implement the Central Committee. On the implementation of grassroots cadres training project and opinions on carrying out the mission municipal CYL Cadres training project implementation opinions, full implementation of the project of the City Youth League cadres training education. Focus o
30、n the county grassroots cadres and workers focused on training, the new school system vocational training League cadres, for the Municipal Organization Department jointly held the third session of the Communist Youth League system training cadres in party. Focusing on the construction of new sociali
31、st countryside, strengthening village cadres and rural construction team group member of the young team, the county organizations at various levels throughout the year is expected to train 100 00 rural grassroots cadres, plans to train 1000 village secretary of the village Party branch.(three) activ
32、ely promote grassroots cadres election work. Under the unified leadership of the party organization, to strengthen grassroots organizations direct work, standardize the election work rules and procedures, in the designated candidate, open competition to democratically elected branch secretary at the
33、 same time, actively and steadily the development of Township, streets and other grassroots organizations in the direct election of the pilot work, on the basis of summarizing the experience and gradually expand the scope of the pilot, and gradually formed a set of measures and cadres election syste
34、m.(four) to strengthen the cadres testing exercise. To study the development of XX city from 2006 to 2008 cadres testing exercise planning. To select outstanding cadres to the central mission in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other central organs and sending work in developed areas. With the Centr
35、al Committee the implementation of the western region and ethnic minorities cadres training plan . To carry out the eighth batch of municipal organs attachment cadre management, selection, training work. The outstanding cadres to start the National Development Bank XX branch testing exercise.(five)
36、to strengthen the group construction. The main position to play the role of Youth League cadre education and training as the city, in accordance with the requirements of post training, further curriculum scientifically and rationally, adopt arrangement menu course, basic theory includes group work,
37、focus, hot and difficult issues, to enhance the content and practice; to strengthen the construction of teaching staff, the integration of teachers, establish a quality teacher training team, establish and implement course evaluation system; take delivery of training to the countryside, on-site trai
38、ning, and increase the rural grassroots cadres training efforts.Four, efforts to strengthen the work of young talent(a) to tenth XX young 54 medal in recognition of the publicity, and actively explore the XX youth service. 54 Medal of institutionalization, standardization and socialization mechanism
39、. Give full play to the XX award in recognition of 54 youth medal Association, Youth Award winner in the 54 chapter, investigation activities. Who won the Youth Service medal, dedication to the society to create conditions, build the stage. During the 54, named in recognition of the tenth XX young 5
40、4 medal. The association of XX editing of young talent , the exchange of information and communication platform for the XX of outstanding young talents.(two) the establishment of municipal Party committee of young talent information database. In accordance with the feasible, effective, classificatio
41、n management, implement step by step principle, the establishment of municipal Party committee of youth talent database; guiding organizations at various levels generally established the young talent database, construction of city, county (directly under the Communist Youth League), grassroots organ
42、izations three young talent information database the relevant information collection system, and gradually establish the citys young people, the Communist Youth League youth talent information network, provide information platform for young talent resource development.Five, take effective measures t
43、o strengthen the mission management(a) to strengthen the mission management work. Strengthen the dues collection and management, continue to adhere to the dues collection regularly reporting system, the annual comprehensive award in recognition of the tour and the tour one vote veto system audit sys
44、tem. Do statistical work in the group. The group service award in recognition of the advanced units, standardization, promoting group management work institutionalized.(two) to strengthen the organization of research and information exchange efforts. Grassroots carry out research, efforts to form a
45、number of theoretical results. Make full use of the network carrier, to explore the establishment of electronic group service system, promote the work of Communist Youth League information.Attachment 4:XX municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League work pointsIn 200
46、6, the Communist Youth League propaganda ideological work XX to Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of Three Represents as guidance, study and implement the partys sixteen and the spirit of the the fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee implementation of the eight plenary
47、 session of the two committee, the citys cultural work conference, the Propaganda Department of the meeting and the the fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee permanent mission spirit, closely around 11th Five-Year XX the goal of full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Develop
48、ment, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keep pace with the times, close to reality, close to life, close to the young, persevere grasp orientation, grasping deepening, grasping construction innovation, further improve the groups propaganda and ideological work ability, unity To guide the majority of members of the youth to achieve the 11th Five-Year planning tasks, the overall construction of a well-off society, building a socialist harmonious society to make new contributions.One, adhere to the Three Represents important thought and S