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1、新视野三版 读写 B2 U5 Text A新视野三版 读写 B2 U5 Text A Spend or save The students dilemma 1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, Should I spend or should I save? I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and contradict each other. The governme
2、nt tells us to spend or well never get out of the recession. At the sametime,theytellusthatunlesswesavemore,ourcountryis ingravedanger.Banksofferhigherinterestratessoweincrease savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more. 2 Heres another familiar example: If we dont
3、pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding, nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like: Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay immediately or youll be in trouble! Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow-up email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we
4、 are and encouraging us to resume spending. Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous. 3 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other. One is the permissive perspective, Buy, spe
5、nd, get it now. You need this! The other we could call an upright message, which urges us, Work hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries.Control your appetite for more than you truly need. This message comes to us from many sources: from school, from parents, even from political figures r
6、eferring to traditional values. Hard work, family loyalty, and the capacity to postpone desires are core American values that have made our country great. 4Buttheoppositemessage,advertisingspermissivemessage,is inescapable. Though sometimes disguised, the messages are everywhere we look: on TV, in m
7、ovies on printed media and road signs, in stores, and on buses, trains and subways.Advertisements invade our daily lives. We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. Someone recently said, The only time you can escape advertising is when youre in your bed asleep! 5 Its been c
8、alculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by the age of 40, the total is almost one million. Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions, from the breakfast cereal we eat to which cruise line we will use for our vacation. T
9、here is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of course, we dont remember exactly what the products were, but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness, Its good to satisfy your desires. You should have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it now! A famous ad
10、vertisement said it perfectly, I love me. Im a good friend to myself. I do what makes me feel good. I derive pleasure from nice things and feel nourished by them. I used to put things off. Not anymore. Today Ill buy new ski equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that camera Ive always wanted.
11、I live my dreams today, not tomorrow. 6Whathappensaswetakeinthesecontradictory but explicit messages? What are the psychological and social consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits? On one hand, we want more things because we want to satisfy our material appetite. Most of us deri
12、ve pleasure from treating ourselves. On the other hand, a little voice inside us echoes those upright messages: Watch out, take stock of your life, dont let your attention get scattered. Postpone your desires. Dont fall into debt. Wait! Retain control over your own life. It will make you stronger. 7
13、 Anyway, many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances. Consider your financial well-beings a key ingredient of your universityeducationasmoneyworriesareextremelystressfuland distracting. They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to focus on your p
14、rime objective: successfully completing your education. 8 How can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many schools, community organizations, and even some banks offer financial literacy classes. Consider consulting with your schools financial aid office or seek input from your parents or other res
15、pected adults in setting up a budget. An additional option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and find pleasure in the administration of your own financial affairs. Most importantly, if you find yourself getting into financial trouble, dont let your ego get in your way; urgently get help
16、 with tackling your problem before it spins out of control and lands you in legal troubles. 9 All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver. As you learn to balance spending and saving, you will become the captain of your own ship, steeringyourlifeinasuccessfulandproductivedirectionth
17、rough the choppy waters. Language Points： 1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question, “Should I spend or should I save?” (Para. 1) Meaning: When asking yourself whether you should spend or save, do you feel puzzled and controlled as I do? Meaning beyond words: According to
18、the conventional concept, we are the master or the boss of the money we have earned . It is up to us to decide how to use our money. However, the sentence gives us the hint that we are actually no longer in control of our money. 2 I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy co
19、mmon sense and contradict each other. (Para. 1) Meaning: In my opinion, the messages we get in our daily life about the question “Should I spend or should I save?” are against common sense and they often dont agree with each other. Usage note: defy, deny defy 和 deny 都是及物动词，词形相近，但实际上两者词义有别，用法也不同。 1 d
20、efy 主要表示“违抗；反抗；蔑视”，后接名词；而 deny 主要表示“否认；拒绝承认”，后接 名词或 that 引导的从句。 Nearly 11 thousand people have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading. 近一 万一千人因违抗在街上交易的禁令而被捕。 The government has denied that the authorities have uncovered a plot to assassinate the president. 政府已否认当局发现了一个暗杀总统的阴谋。 2 defy 后接
21、动词不定式表示“挑战；刺激某人做某事”时，不能用动名词形式；deny 表示“否 认；拒绝承认”时，后面不能接动词不定式，只能接动名词形式。 I defy you to come up with one major accomplishment of the current prime minister. 我倒 要看看你能否讲出一项现任首相作出的重大成就。 He denied doing anything illegal. 他否认做过任何违法的事。 3 The government tells us to spend or well never get out of the recession.
22、 (Para. 1) Meaning beyond words: To help the country recover from the economic recession, the government is encouraging people to spend, which will help stimulate production, job markets and bank liquidity. 4 At the same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. (P
23、ara.1) Meaning: Meanwhile, they warn us that if we dont save more money the economic recession will grow and severely harm our country. Usage note: unless 1 unless 作连词，表示“除非 ；如果不”，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果某个条件不出 现，某件事就不会进行”。使用 unless 时必须留意从句中动词的时态。虽然 unless 所说的 条件都是未出现或未发生的， 但必须用一般现在时或过去时， 不能用表示将来的时态。 例如： I wi
24、ll not go to Beijing unless the company pays for the trip. 如果公司不支付旅费，我不会 去北京。（不能用 will pay） She wouldnt do that unless I allowed her. 如果我不允许，她不会去做那件事。（不能用 would allow） She will keep on singing unless she is told to stop. 她会一直唱下去，除非有人叫她停止。 （不能用 will be told） She would not come to work as before unles
25、s her mothers health condition turned for the better. 她不会像以前那样来上班了，除非她母亲的病情好转。（不能用 would turn） 2 unless 和 if not 都可以引导条件状语从句， 但适用情况不同， 很容易混淆， 要注意区别。 指将来可能发生或可能真实的情况用unless； 如果知道事情没有发生或不真实则用if not。 可以说 If you werent always in such a hurry, your work would be much better。不说 Your work would be much bet
26、ter unless you were always in such a hurry。见更多例句： Unless they get protection, they will not testify. (= If they do not get protection, they will not testify.) 如果得不到保证，他们不会作证的。 I would go out if it wasnt raining. (= But it is raining, so I am not going out.) 要是不下雨， 我就出去了。 5 Banks offer higher interes
27、t rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend more. (Para. 1) Meaning beyond words: Here is the “spend or save” paradox. On one hand, the government tells us to spend, and, on the other hand, they want us to save more. While the banks offer high inter
28、est rates to attract us to deposit money, they send us credit cards to encourage us to spend. 6 Heres another familiar example: If we dont pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding, nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like: “Your failure to pay is unacceptable. Pay im
29、mediately or youll be in trouble!” (Para. 2) Meaning: If we fail to pay our credit card bill on time, the credit card company will send us harsh and unfriendly email messages to warn us that either we pay at once or well get penalties. Sentence structure note: 祈使句+ or/and +陈述句 1 “祈使句+ or +陈述句”结构表示“否
30、则”，其中，or 还可以换成 and，表达的意思发生相 应的变化，表示“如果，就”。对连词 or 或者 and 的选择，主要根据相应连词前后句表 达的意义，如果前后句有转折关系，就用 or，一般表达一种负面的结果；如果前后句表示 意义顺承，无转折关系，就用 and。例如： Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or you cant catch what he is saying. 上课时要仔细 听老师讲课，否则你就无法了解他在说什么。 Walk down our street, and youll see kids playing. 你要是走上街
31、头，就会看到孩子们在玩 耍。 2 在“祈使句+ or/and +陈述句”结构中；陈述句通常用将来时态, 即“will+动词原形”，也可用 情态动词 can，may 等。但通常不能用一般现在时或现在进行时。例如： Work hard, and you can make rapid progress in your study. 努力吧，你会在学业上突飞猛 进的。 Follow the advice of the doctor, or you wont be well very soon. 遵从医生的叮嘱，否则你 的身体就不会很快好起来。 3 “祈使句+ or/and +陈述句”结构可与 if 引
32、导的条件状语从句互换。例如: Get up quickly, or you will be late. (= If you dont get up quickly, you will be late.) 快点起 床，不然你会迟到的。 Work hard, and you will pass the exam. (= If you work hard, you will pass the exam.) 如果 你努力学习，你就会通过考试。 4“祈使句+ or/and +陈述句”结构中，祈使句有时可以省略动词。例如： Make more effort, or you wont be successf
33、ul. (= More effort, or you wont be successful.) 如果不多些努力，你就不会成功。 Give me one more hour, and Ill get the work finished. (= One more hour, and Ill get the work finished.) 再给我一个小时，我就能把工作做完。 7 Then, as soon as we pay, we get a follow-up email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we are a
34、nd encouraging us to resume spending. (Para. 2) Meaning: To lure us into more spending, once our credit card bill is paid, a follow-up email in an entirely different tone will be sent to us, claiming that we are valuable customers. Note: The word resume can be used either as a transitive or intransi
35、tive verb. As a transitive verb, it may be followed by a noun or a v.-ing form. 8 Which depiction is correct: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? The gap between these two messages is enormous. (Para. 2) Meaning beyond words: As there is such a huge difference between the two email m
36、essages, we feel confused about who we are: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? 9 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other. (Para. 3) Meaning: The contradiction is that every day we get two sets of messages disagreeing with each other. 10 One
37、is the “permissive” perspective, “Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!” (Para. 3) Meaning: One reflects a viewpoint of tolerance, “Buy, spend, get it now. You need this!” Note: The word permissive is an adjective, a derivative from permit. Being “permissive” implies a very easy and too relaxed pos
38、ition on something and usually lacks good judgment. For example: They were permissive parents and their children grew up to be spoiled and ill-behaving adults. 他们是太过放任的父母，他们的孩子长大后会变成被宠坏、行为举止欠妥的成年人。 Usage note: permissive, tolerant The synonym of permissive is tolerant, but tolerant is positive in me
39、aning. Permissive carries a negative connotation. Tolerant implies good judgment with a right balance of perspective or actions. For example: The employees tolerant position on the differences in working style meant that the team performed well. 员工对工作作风的差异持宽容的立场意味着这个团队表现出色。 11 The other we could cal
40、l an “upright” message, which urges us, “Work hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries. Control your appetite for more than you truly need.” (Para. 3) Meaning: We could call the other one an “honest” message, which advises us to work hard and save money, stop having too many desires, avoi
41、d spending too much, and limit our purchases to what we really need. Usage note: urge, persuade 1 从词义上说，urge 的基本意思是“力劝；敦促”，引申可表示“强烈要求”等，比较正式； persuade 主要表示“说服；劝说”，指通过劝说、感情交流等使对方做劝说者所希望的事。 urge 语气强，但不一定“力劝；敦促”成功；persuade 语气不如 urge 强，但强调不仅“劝”， 而且使之“服”。例如： We will urge them to adhere to the Paris Agree
42、ment. 我们将敦促他们遵守巴黎协议。 My husband persuaded me to come. 我丈夫劝我来的。 2 从用法上说， urge 和 persuade 都可用作及物动词。 urge 可用于 urge sb. to do sth. 结构， 意为“催促某人做某事”；persuade 表示“说服”时， 可用于 persuade sb. to do sth.结构，也 可用于 persuade sb. into doing sth. 结构， 都表示“说服某人做某事”。 它们也都可以引出 that 从句。urge 引出的 that 从句中用（should）+verb，而 persu
43、ade 用于 persuade sb. that 结 构，不用（should）+verb。例如： His father urged him to speak his mind. 他父亲敦促他说出心里话。 Were trying to persuade manufacturers to sell their products here. 我们正在努力说服制 造商在这里销售他们的产品。 Sir Fred urged that Britain (should) join the European Monetary System. 弗雷德爵士敦促 英国加入欧洲货币体系。 We had managed
44、to persuade them that it was worth working with us. 我们已设法说服他 们，与我们合作是值得的。 12 This message comes to us from many sources: from school, from parents, even from political figures referring to “traditional values”. (Para. 3) Meaning: We get this kind of message from many sources such as school, parents,
45、 and even politicians who like to talk about traditional values. 13 But the opposite message, advertisings permissive message, is inescapable. (Para. 4) Meaning: But you cannot escape from the opposite message, advertisements that push you to spend more. 14 Though sometimes disguised, the messages a
46、re everywhere we look (Para. 4) Meaning: Though these messages are sometimes subtle and change in form, they can be found everywhere we live. 15 Advertisements invade our daily lives. We are constantly surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. (Para. 4) Meaning: Our daily lives are flooded w
47、ith advertisements. Very often we find ourselves enclosed by advertisements that lure us into spending. 16 Its been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by the age of 40, the total is almost one million. (Para. 5) Meaning beyond words: Americans grow up
48、seeing countless advertisements, and this continues throughout their life time. 17 Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our diverse buying decisions, from the breakfast cereal we eat to which cruise line we will use for our vacation. (Para. 5) Meaning beyond words: Advertisements are
49、everywhere and have invaded peoples everyday lives. 18 There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! (Para. 5) Meaning: There are plenty of ideas of what to buy and how to spend money. 19 Now, of course, we dont remember exactly what the products were, but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness, “Its good to satisfy your desires. You should have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it now!” (Para. 5) Meaning beyond words: Advertisements are very effective in talking people into buying things. Though its hard to remember all of the products