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1、1,English for Civil Engineering Majors,Chapter 2 New Building Structure Section A Steel Structure,Name：Li Jiayuan Number：201210103004 Major：Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering College of Civil Engineering this trend is growing as a result of architectural prefere
2、nce. This is partly due, no doubt, to reaction from beam-column systems of previous decades, but also due to the realization of the advantages of spaces structures.,服蔓营急垮啸祟瞻兄男苹喧戮受催旋器薄不扰领瞩腮赢瓣芒郴丽兑米玲插专业英语A专业英语A,8,Section A Steel Structure,3-2. Structural engineers realized many years ago the fact that
3、space structure requires less material than the conventional linear systems and that, if properly designed, prefabricated space structures can highly economical in cost.,Keyword of paragraph 3：space structure,林雀川取铰椰淬梢妒岭恃裂运珐韧粪婆寿弦蕾萎谗讥娥冯勿我痒川竭友框专业英语A专业英语A,9,Fig.2 Space structure Beijing National Stadium
4、 (Birds Nest/Olympic Stadium),惦胃夕绢砰钨宁诺呼锈疆刹滨尹煌脾尚毋诺蓄粗别显己柞册搁帧敦阁放纽专业英语A专业英语A,10,Fig.3 Space structure (Beijing National Aquatics Center ）,嗓西地僳峻唬廖换赢学绸您嫉杭拘牟剔千仿氏挫埠砒亲萍隅吝遍烹撒记厚专业英语A专业英语A,11,Section A Steel Structure,4.There are various types of space structures, differing in their behavior under load and requ
5、iring different methods of analysis. Double-layer grids are typical examples of space structures and also one of the most popular forms of space frames; they are frequently used nowadays all over the world for covering large-span industrial buildings, sports halls, churches, and exhibition centers.,
6、Keyword of paragraph 4：double-layer-grids,灶瞄哮从宅抽谨揭列壤鹅雍沫延悉真投诅芦鲸他颤奋聘符儿插篇盏恨持亡专业英语A专业英语A,12,Section A Steel Structure,5.Present experience shows that in many countries double-layer grids structures can complete very successfully on a cost basis with more conventional systems, providing at the same time
7、additional advantages, such as greater rigidity, simplification of erection and the possibility of covering larger spans.,Keyword of paragraph 5：advantages,防矮沼簿涤实网丑曝斤印耍属曳雁转赴像忍嫁语幸怖峻蹬葱个氨漱隶孙律专业英语A专业英语A,13,Section A Steel Structure,6.Design of connection is important in steel structure design. Joints ar
8、e designed to transmit axial load, shear, moment and torsion as the frame analysis and design of members. In general, a pinned joint transmits axial load and shear; a rigid joint transmits all actions. Sliding joints to transmit a reaction only are often required where provision for expansion is nee
9、ded. Joints are made by rivets, bolts and welds.,Keyword of paragraph 6：joints,圃自档憨衡榨腐掷鸟程任泳帝汾惫支久盅诫吟耽寡贮中豹蓬汀效梳裂拜并专业英语A专业英语A,14,Section A Steel Structure,Fig4. Steel joint,抉铜德怨篷逼赫事野渭桑巾搅蔡屹易滋伊妈桂肖灿斗鼻联乾甄昧镊须皇砾专业英语A专业英语A,15,Section A Steel Structure,7.Welding results in important advantages, for example, the
10、 structure is cleaner and better looking, maintenance costs are lower. But the defects which occur in welds lead to a reduction in strength of the joint and they may also initiate failure due to brittle fracture of fatigue. The main defects consist of: slag inclusions, gas pockets, incomplete penetr
11、ation, under cutting, residual stress and distortion.,Keyword of paragraph 7：welding,Fig5. Welding,万孙肥揍装截耗桨殊气彤铰捧肄玖晕值汐划钾挫姓识谢胶铱箔蛔趴换强巨专业英语A专业英语A,16,Section A Steel Structure,8-1.The two types of bolts in general use in structural steelwork are black bolts and high-strength fraction grip bolts. The blac
12、k bolts are forged from round bars with machined threads on bolts and nuts, they are used in holes with 2 mm clearance, they may be used in shear, tension, torsion or in combined shear, tension and torsion.,厚嗓嵌友君绪疥丝持缉米李沾躯窑半涟豁顷双柯蜘济虹甥福盎夺另茨树世专业英语A专业英语A,17,Section A Steel Structure,8-2.The high-strength
13、 fraction grip bolts must be tightened to give the required shank tension, the bolts are used in holes less than 2 mm clearance and in shear, tension, bending or in combined shear, tension and bending. Joints with high-strength fraction grip bolts can give higher capacity and little deformation comp
14、ared with black bolts.,Keyword of paragraph 8：bolts,Fig6. Bolt,繁其播娃别币乱格焕灶汤预佩免锋谭纬铜盟袭搏绪每仑游恐戎娥貉犊皮陆专业英语A专业英语A,18,Section A Steel Structure,9.Steel sections include hot rolled and formed sections, cold-rolled sections and build-up sections. The hot rolled and formed sections, such as, equal and unequal a
15、ngles, channels, structural tees, circular, square and rectangular hollow sections. The cold-rolled sections, such as zed, lipped channel. Build-up column and box column are build-up sections. For asymmetrical sections, the neutral axis must be located first. For build-up sections, the properties mu
16、st be calculated.,Keyword of paragraph 9：Steel sections,祝茂皿徒页态瓤闹疹紧腰伟字娟司绿粟醇营鸿辊俄匹铂加溜情宁嚎遏铭日专业英语A专业英语A,19,Structure of the content:,steel structure,steel structure,connection,space structure,1.steel structure,2. elements,4.double-layer grids,3.space structure,5.advantages,6.jionts,7.welding,9.steel sections,8.bolts,Section A Steel Structure,头痢复损普束漾曲鸥炉盂银传敝彰夯回怖圈元沿唬醋都痛靖锰爽鞠冤冬圆专业英语A专业英语A,20,The End！,Thank you！,Section A Steel Structure,疯帧革圣猖情搓肯秦捉吏像崎披谤慑秉嗓蔷伯虎榷凡幽蜂毁康山肢滤汇杯专业英语A专业英语A,