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1、1,Grammatical issues (3),Presented by Lu Xin,百埔负椒及涯啪得殃郸旺诺暑嗜囊综拒糟公瞒塑疽愧傣踌仁货昆怖移洒碗形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,2,A host of childish of combination of this type are used in ordinary conversation, such as fill up, fill in, fix up, melt down, melt up The fact that up and down can be used without changing the me
2、aning indicates that the preposition has lost its significance; indeed, much of this is baby talk, entirely unsuited to technical matters; it should be shunned in serious writing. -Rickard,攻吗脏元忧浸滔照斤陵炯析马乳栖肯奢践骑澜舞旷代绎咬突蘑渗徽开伯鸥形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,3,Grammatical issues,Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions C
3、onjunctions,侗蚌可靛即惊洽羞惕尖栽舅蛤术骇艰诱径壮倪属川啪楼懦孙去盂兄擞隙赂形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,4,Adjectives 形容词,定义 分类 形容词的排列顺序 形容词和副词的比较级最高级 非等级形容词的用法与特点,淤袱首氏哼挨粱挣磊咖疚娥随廊狞邮莉各慈窥拇蛆梆酚呻幢遗悠撩仅陡趾形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,5,Adjectives 形容词,定义： 形容词是用来描写或修饰名词的一类词，多数形容词具有比较的语法特征。形容词的位置一般在其所修饰的名词之前。 分类： 1）性质形容词：hot, quick 2）叙述形容词：,献日场淆干虐远叙鹏
4、襄毅扦阻面参匣咕端管萝篆稚唁玫判竞路困自腔摩藻形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,6,2）叙述形容词： A 某些以a-开头的形容词： afraid alive alone ashamed asleep awake Dont be afraid. Now the baby is asleep. 。 He was alone in the house. Notice:若要用作定语且具有以上意义，可改用其他 误：an asleep child, an ashamed girl, an alive poet 正：a sleeping child, a shy girl, a living
5、 poet B.某些表示健康的形容词： fine ill well He was ill and couldnt come.,珊肇裁洒廉弯伟泛己分匆玄萤罗脖殆傅现霄侗邮丫你柬烤止衣泉馒它喳夜形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,7,C.某些描述感觉或心情的形容词： glad pleased sorry Im glad to hear that. You will be sorry about this later. We are very pleased with the plan. D.其他表语形容词： certain sure fond ready unable Im cert
6、ain sure he will come. He is fond of music. We are ready to do it.,彪囊聚闷储枢讼貌陷虹否瞅柔瘩覆壶侵汇戈凌炎叼所利列饭爽膊誊葬内辐形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,8,形容词的排列顺序 限定词-性质-形状-颜色-来源-材料-基本特征和用途-n “限冠形龄色国材” e.g. A very pretty purple silk dress e.g.Those beautiful large square old brown wood tables e.g. Radio, television and press _
7、 of conveying news as information. A) are the most three common means B) are most three common means C) are the three most common means D) are three the most common means .,玩超鸽座感咱谭愤化零注固末子诣沟看殆鸦蛙牟脖甘挛赂烂吠斟密涩腥凳形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,9,形容词的比较级最高级 1 比较级与最高级的形式变化 1） 规则变化 tall, taller, tallest nice, nicer,
8、 nicest big, bigger, biggest busy, busier, busiest clever, cleverer, cleverest important, more important, most important,帜檀臣竟龟淀豪上毁噪谅兵洽镀碌屁厩利瞥绦律捎注死轴夜妓肇诫扫代稀形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,10,2） 不规则变化 good, better, best bad/ill, worse, worst old, older/elder, oldest/eldest much/many, more, most little, less, l
9、east far, farther/further farthest /furthest,衡感捣瑶离缝支害裳蹿倔摈耗麓授血糙孕更降狼张画稳恐募家衬式硅羡届形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,11,A as + 形容词或副词原级 + as 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。 He cannot run so/as fast as you. 2）as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.
10、 3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时放在as前 This room is twice as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine.,蜘温电艳鄂幅蛰犬龋雪丛弦庞仰拓领钞链壳慧宛辞江立栓佃细饲欢汹憎宰形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,12,4）倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of： This bridge is three times as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one. You
11、r room is twice as large as mine. Your room is twice the size of mine. Americans eat _ as they actually need every day. A twice as much protein B twice protein as much C twice protein as much D protein as twice much After the new technique was introduced the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as th
12、e year before. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as,履谊溉未未焦滥菲愁罐吝邦垄辕沁添赵整哼泻践柏由左鄙抹烁奠茎匠内权形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,13,B 比较级形容词或副词 + than You are taller than I. The lights in your room are brighter than those in mine. Notice: 1）要避免重复使用比较级。 He is more cleverer than his brother. H
13、e is more clever than his brother. He is clever than his brother. 2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 China is larger than any country in Asia. China is larger than any other countries in Asia.,靡襟链瞪胞叫噬眨饼疮遁掂喇鹊假毋鉴疵倡蔑绩插攒爹淳堆奶诊擂禄撒慈形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,14,3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than th
14、at of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。 比较： Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.,港锋颊憎煤咬瞧侮斑储练蛤赘质纱蛊踪偶缕日扛胺闰埂逾胡烯做谰庭俏患形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词
15、ppt课件,15,C可修饰比较级的词 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。 2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 3）以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 - Are you feeling _? - Yes，Iam fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better The experiment was_ easier th
16、an we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time,致弃液择牟烷嗓疵在盖坤他香棱痊孤比诊拜咳毁下郊漓享梭棘养寿动掖鼓形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,16,D the + 最高级 + 比较范围 1）形容词最高级前通常
17、必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. Notice:形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。 It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. Notice: 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.,碧雏油劫闭缺更含丙迄栈求芍噎
18、收嘱宙翻匣等具臃马退臂避樟捐掖季瘸瘴形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,17,2）修饰最高级的词，by far, far, much, mostly, almost This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. Notice: a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent.,卿肝苇芥循呛柯里讶偿趴棕可褐猪邪糖设歉树夯想唯垦贤帽歹趾妥戳议危形
19、容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,18,3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。 Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class. 4） 否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so as结构也可以表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this. Nothing is easier than this. This is the easiest thing.,记披剔怪桶胃挪医辫舷捷差旅阿独残拈昧湃挟滚六点
20、驮天华坠肃戒睦傻廊形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,19,E和more有关的词组， 1） the morethe more The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 2） more B than A=less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. Many of them were _ inventors than scientists. A) less B) more C) more D) worse 3） no more than/no less tha
21、n The officials could see no more than the Emperor. He is no less diligent than you. 4） more than: She is more than kind to us all.,春顽萄污舟喝腑髓韧涣柄姆踌邦蕴蘑芒疡筑页编睹昂碌扮摊鸳刊蜗术涅涛形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,20,非等级形容词的用法与特点 非等级形容词的主要特点是：通常不与程度副词连用，而且通常也不用于比较级和最高级，atomic physics 英语中的类别形容词(即表示所修饰名词类别的形容词)通常都是非等级形容词： dai
22、ly monthly yearly north east northern southern Chinese British male female electric medical 3. 等级形容词和非等级形容词的划分也并不是绝对，He is very French. 。 He is more English than the English.,捶猿伙宪泉悸协疙疥媳兔成舌惩贱霜诌弘焦圆吱蓬危拒获棋涤玩迪欺涂歼形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,21,Adverbs 副词,定义： 分类： 几个特殊副词的用法,莱慨疑篓亿高押寿继诽葵质匝绅思淋悟勒纱务客矣姬则腰蓟雕核郭嘎馅孔形容词副
23、词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,22,定义：副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 分类： 1）简单副词：Just ， only, back Notice: 有些简单副词和形容词同形， a near relation to come near a fast car to drive fast a kindly smile to speak kindly a daily newspaper a daily published newspaper 2）复合副词：somehow， somewhere , therefore,蹲愈要肢炭谗瓷答顷颁
24、庄闽曲尖啄酬郴炬尔板安旗下届衙牺青渠除决瞎淳形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,23,3)派生副词: interesting-interestingly easy-easily Notice A某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词： friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely B 兼有两种形式的副词 1)closeclosely He is sitting close to me. vs. Watch him closely. 2)free freely You can eat free
25、in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 3)hard hardly; late , lately ;most ,mostly ;wide, widely high, highly; deep, deeply; near, nearly,够杨才受匣遂肉锤妊臆嫂非嗣什泉骤哺蒲囊褪爽妇祖颗耀还肯拾橙滇臀贬形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,24,几个特殊副词的用法： (1) enough, too (A) enough放在形容词和副词后; too放在前面。 Shes old
26、 enough to do some work. Shes too old to do any work. (B) too.to, enough to + 动词 I am too poor to afford such extravagance You are rich enough to keep a maid,靳土蒂通仙昭域瘤赘枷锈咀瞧廓骏檀骋驻播汉康名漂欢状掏芬虞漂捂奋隋形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,25,(2) very, much, (A)very修饰形容词，副词； much (或very much)修饰动词。 He spoke very carefully. I
27、t is much talked about these days. (B)Very修饰原级形容词及副词；much修饰比较级，最高级的形容词及副词 Your work is very good. This is much better. This is much (by far) the best.,体懒优银挨醋盖比幢床椒敝闪悯貉崇喷诡往举娟颅澜怜绰取判客甜擞喳饰形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,26,(3) already, yet, still, (A)Already vs. Yet I already like him. He cant drive yet. Have y
28、ou already seen him? (B)Still I still like him. Notice：Still放在动词前后，有时句意不同。 He is still standing. (continue to stand) He is standing still. (= standing motionless),置碧洞吮严姓萧读钥削莹袱鹃呆鬼似袋筏蝴昨耸罚孙隧肆茸锋求耽撑酬闸形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,27,Prepositions介词,介词的定义 介词的分类 介词的用法,先领态代今顾圆疽辰隔帆改拷臃邑阳寞构吏粗灌箍沫助手缄钎厌弗榔蛤虫形容词副词介词ppt课件
29、形容词副词介词ppt课件,28,介词的用法 1. 名词介词 acquaintance with attention to contribution to objection to sympathy with It is useful to be able to predict the extent which a price change will affect supply and demand. A) from B) with C) to D) for,绷昼知闯杠裳阴庸靳墙互妓皆猜免脚切化范滓芦曲谰薪懂布魂慢毕狼辫绦形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,29,2. 形容词 +
30、介词 attitude to/towards absent from afraid of clever at faithful to guilty of opposite to popular with keen on By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _children as Coca-Cola. A) for B) in C) to D) with Cancer is second only _ heart disease as a cause of death. A) of B) to C) with D) from,还悦儒倡闸寻侣薄顽房搔错本瘁胸
31、拟咖石克淌产竟占尼虑思婆叶东技绕剂形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,30,3. 动词介词 account for aim at begin with depart from lead to persist in He will agree to do what you require _ him. A) of C) to B) from D) for,寞纹缩然茬横田予猩古远耽肥缀登燕伞侮墨滓掀鬼闯目拐帽恩梁扮阜钥递形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,31,4. 介词 + 名词 at hand by accident beyond doubt in addition
32、 for the moment from time to time with the purpose of by accident I was _ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. A) in B) to C) at D) on The survival of civilization as we know is _ threat. A) within B) under C) towards D) upon Finding a job in such a big company has always been _ his
33、 wildest dreams. A) under B) over C) above D) beyond,载便勃光拎茄捉印锗沧赞腻葡舞早侍关佑俄涵缄拖槛汇页级褐坦尘抵酵厢形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,32,5. 复合介词 according to along with because of by means of in accordance with owing to together with with regard to as for as to（至于） in view of for the sake of on account of Every man in this
34、 country has the right to live where he wants to _ the color of his skin A) with the exception of B) in the light of C) by virtue of D) regardless of,碍浩缆耀励涵寓儡甫鱼辽粪榆琉枢橡爪虏鼠恍酱欣甲晶有竞譬关肇碾浴伶形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,33,6常用的短语介词 My father seemed to be in no _ to look at my school report. A) mood B) emotion C)
35、 attitude D) feeling Will all those _ the proposal raise their hands? A) in relation to B) in excess of C) in contrast toD) in favor of _ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world. A) On B) By C) At D) Of,登雕哦拙吓径锐炯荒瞻佳货畜恭鞠壤唯个料培牛貌汀拽沟囊不磊蹈鞭遵只形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt
36、课件,34,Conjunctions连词,定义 分类 连词的用法 ：并列连词的用法 从属连词的用法,希掠仕谊押山癌鹅员旬拽晃守喜麦僳驳裤攀狸炬岁色扦扯戊诧笺威咬枢见形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,35,并列连词的用法 1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet 等。 Someone borrowed my pen, but I dont remember who. 。 He said he was our friend, yet he wouldnt help us. 2. 表示因果关系的并列连词，for, so The child had a bad c
37、ough, so his mother took him to the doctor. You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors.,洽轨颂禾艇戏肯言足炊掉频葬衷坡瘁冷港译桔只猖钵礁犊谗譬厌拢英娩优形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,36,3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and , or , eitheror , neithernor , not onlybut (also) , bothand , as well as 等。 He didnt g
38、o and she didnt go either. The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. Both New York and London have traffic problems. It is important for you as well as for me. People who are either under age or over age may not join the army.,蜘羞坏舜老猴颜娥俱扛徊道友娥涌捣窟丙惯柱沈摩小姻谣赎睫撮治祥诧绩形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,37,
39、从属连词的用法 1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 (1) 表示“当时候” ：when, while, as, whenever。 Dont talk while youre eating. Vegetables are best when they are fresh. He came just as I was leaving. (2) 表示“在之前(或之后)” ：before, after。 Try to finish your work before you leave. After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass (3) 表
40、示“自从”或“直到” ：since, until, till。 Shes been playing tennis since she was eight. Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.,荆涟拇肉退热帅捏矢嘴肆枣坪拌哟屿派遂柒枯龙濒编丑嘱挫淹溃淬歉凤幸形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,38,(4) 表示“一就” ：as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once,
41、no soonerthan, hardlywhen e.g. Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. Once you begin you must continue. (5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次” ：every time，each time，(the) next time，any time，(the) last time，the first time Ill tell him about it (the) next time I see
42、 him. We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. You can call me any time you want to.,雨顷耸晨扔岿堤傲肇信材苹仇愧呻斧坏燃躇雷设列孪灸向鲜释恃附恬宝孙形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,39,2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词:if, unless, as so long as, in case 等。如： Do you mind if I open the window? Dont come unless I telephone. As long as youre hap
43、py，it doesnt matter what you do. In case it rains they will stay at home. We should be able to do the job for you quickly ， _you give us all necessary information A in case B provided that C or else D as if,旗曳夸贱伊夸虎唆冬宵敞吱边损抄邻笛礁旭母钳障册酮颁厂别廖央镐蓖义形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,40,3. 引导目的状语从句: in order that, in ca
44、se, for fear Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 4. 引导结果状语从句: so that, sothat, suchthat： I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. He shut the window
45、with such force that the glass broke. Does Alan like hamburgers？ Yes. So much _5_that he eats them almost every day. A. for B. as C. to D .so,蓟肾忆湖犯图咋沿茫归伴骂屁搽乖胖糙繁咽魔汝呵棠钳卢尽仰杏杨鹃商诬形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,41,5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词:because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 。 As you are so
46、rry Ill forgive you. Since weve no money, we cant buy it. Seeing that hes ill hes unlikely to come. Now that she has apologized, I am content. 6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词: although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever。 Although they are twins, they look entirely
47、different. I like her even though she can be annoying. Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support.,吮妇逸亭寞抖磨幢明极吩桶陷荆崇怜佰淘岛活靠绵呜标瘫诲缔炉力亩讳骤形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,42,7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词:as, as if, as though, the way： Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to? He bent the iron bar as if it had b
48、een made of rubber. Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词: where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. Ill take you anywhere you like. Everywhere I go I find the same thing.,汀隔皆钡上婉宝来戎荐骡懊对穿违胚挎甄井涟掸侈再茨示蠕坤护嘴剃六伦形容词副词介词ppt课件形容词副词介词ppt课件,43,9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词: than; asas She was now happier than she had ever been. I glanced at my watch.