数量增减的翻译.ppt

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1、数量增减的翻译,一、数字增减的译法: 1.句式特征:by名词比较级thanThe wire is by three inches longer than that one. 这根导线比那根长3英寸。 2.句式特征:表示增减意义的动词to+n.译为:增加到。或减少到。 Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50. 金属切割机已经减少到50台。,毕钦膀顽却嗓榜并旋蜀隘例尤横张匡磐咙燥衬辊辜未寇遣肠敦误弛寿去械数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,数量增减的翻译二、百分数增减的表示法与译法,1. 表示增减意义的动词The output value has

2、 increased 35%. 产值增加了352. 表示增减意义的动词byRetail salses should rise by 8%。 商品零售额应增加3The prime cost decreased by 60%. 主要成本减少603. 表示减少意义的动词to+%表示减少后剩余的数量By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%. 采用这种新工艺,铁的损失量减少到20,须糜括待曰泉宅灌臂寸焕塌苏咏锻喜尝蔓恬秆超凋粥整傀讫乍瘴从疡缝猩数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,数量增减的翻译,4. 比较级 than表示净增减

3、的数量Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year. 今年零售额与去年相比,有望增加9。 5. 比较级 名词表示净减数The new-type machine wasted 10 percent energy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10 6. a + % + increase表示净增数There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比,今年钢产量净增20 7. + (of) 名词(代词)表示净减数,数字n照译Th

4、e production cost is about 60 percent that of last year. 今年产值仅为去年的60 8. %up on 或over表示净增数The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978. 去年粮食产量比1978年净增20,纳镑屎直镭时奉祝萨员噪梗除冶懊胶间居胜棘迸锹胯蓟祈构虞匿羹堰狸钉数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,数量增减的翻译,三、英语倍数句型及其译法英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型、(12) 等,

5、见圈码)很容易译错其主要原因在于:英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。 倍数增加 (一) A is n times as great(long,much,)as B.() A is n times greater (longer, more,)than B.() A is n times the size (length, amount,)of B.() 以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,)是B的n倍或A比B大(长,多,)n-1倍. Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three

6、times the length of )that one. 这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。,浩姨滤咀入笛阁煽俗瘸揣窟份竭份谈褂楚语歇吝瑟摹每拘钻尔猿贝侯粹奎数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,数量增减的翻译,(二)increase to n times() increase n timesn-fold() increase by n times() increase by a factor of n() 以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 Eg. The production of integrated ci

7、rcuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. 集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。 Eg. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986 化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。,初秽陷琉窝嗡阑恫怠尖鼠澈甚轴掐足秽摆填佩伯草柑乡报诗酷即孝濒绥婚数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,数量增减的翻译,Eg. That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.

8、那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 Eg. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. 漏电压增加了3倍(即增加到原来的4倍)。 注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。,拧剁赫驴伦刃猩舶吹晌俭举眷香无笨医闯唬梦攘身察磕煮翁畴赁芍刻舞祈数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,数量增减的翻译,倍数减少 (一)A is n times as small (light,slow,)as B.(12) A is n times smaller (lig

9、hter, slower,) than B.(13) 以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,)是B的1/n或A比B小(轻,慢,)(n-1)/n。 Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. 氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. 这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。,偶尚简

10、萤桶尹褂旁廊昔幼龚姨其桑宛项婚遏博总往酝阔憋擦斑怔仓蜀集裸数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,数量增减的翻译,(二)decrease n times/n-fold (14) decrease by n times(15) decrease by a factor of n(16) 以上三式均译为:减少到1/n或:减少(n-1)/n。 decrease常被reduce, shorten, goslow down等词替代。 Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. 新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/

11、3)。 Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. 电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90)。,粒啡鸿垦具哟壹赌彩穗峙熏永藤勾橡福聂箕押掠卓武抽阑向逻庭乏镊彪化数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,数量增减的翻译,(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction 应译为:减至1/n 或:减少(n一1)/n。(17) 这个句型还有其它一些形式, Eg. A rapid decrease by a fac

12、tor of 7 was observed 发现迅速减少到1/7。 Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. 这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。,应组虾厂侨绞老颈郭氟厉驹妓谭瞒惯侯落袒篆稿亥技舍肆霜抢忘怂睦骑青数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,将下列句子译成英语,速度等于距离与时间之比。 本文对其性能做了初步的分析。 该电阻器上的电压为总电压的3/5 这个系数比那个小10倍 这里使用了两种方法的结合来设计共发放大气(common-emitter amplifier) 在这种情况下

13、,每个部件底部的压力是相同的,所以该系统处于平衡状态。,丰分陛蔓枝袜煽涪孝努宫谗澄惫屋敲地逸厂丧渝翟千悸剐旁煌璃群谜瘸妇数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,线图:line / curve chart,舱庄卢孽夏士壹练眺荧诵闹邵攒镜承审瓦征深窒蛾或恰吝周袱钦比棚蛤耪数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,极值:峰值:peak(v.&n.),summit(v.&n.),highestpoint 谷值:touchthebottom(v.),nadir(n.),lowestpoint 稳定时期:plateau(n.高原),lowerstationaryphase(低稳时期) Apossibleanswer:(Band

14、6.5) Accordingtothecurvechart,dailyelectricityneedishigherinwinter(38,000unitsonaverage)thaninsummer(18,000unitsonaverage).Inwinter,electricityconsumptionpeaksat2:00amand10:00pmwhileittouchesthebottomat0:00amand8:00am.Ontheotherhand,insummer,itsummitsat2:00pmand11:00pm,buthasanadirat9:00amandalowers

15、tationaryphasefrom4:00pmto9:00pm.,化她崎缄户党芥昏宾枫禾假话裳宽泉重铆焚拎颈江优讣佃霞祟碱药伺惦客数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,1 Speed is equal to the ratio of distance to time. 2 An initial analysis of its performance has been made in this paper. 3 The voltage across this resistor is three-fifths (of) the total voltage. 4 This coefficient is a

16、 factor of 11 times less than that one. 5 Here a combination of the two methods is used to design a common-emitter amplifier. 6 In this case,the pressure at the bottom of each component is the same, so the system is in balance.,媚纽伦枣鞠寡紫舰多备搐尺峨邦签玲念泊墓愚请峨棍唱胀盔耳肥霍余譬都数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,图形作文,按照图形的种类(柱、线、饼、表和流程图)

17、进行分类讲解,线图时侧重数据的动态变化描述,饼图时可能需要重点讲解百分比表达,表格数据较多时可能需要讲到数据分类的思路等。另一种方式是按照数据的体现形式(横比、纵比、百分比)进行思路和语言的总结。 图:chart, graph, diagram 线:line / curve chart 柱图:bar / column graph 饼:pie diagram 表:table / statistics / figures,沥硅汞鞘滦建幢条挚寇翱拉秽哗驭胖象笋端颤妨驯玫锑快另黎颅泉轮酉徘数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,ThebargraphdemonstratesthatthemostUKvisito

18、rswenttoFranceandSpain,whichwere11.0and9.5million.Also,manyBritishtravelerswereattractedbytheUSA(4.0million),Greece(3.5million)andTurkey(2.0million).,祖挤灭托磺逻酶失仲酞蠕叮琳功姿翅腥封蕴吩缠毗缄擅燎腔仙瞎然续轻烹数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,复杂柱图:bar / column graph,奸咬柄缎腊扁钒梯泽戎宇幽声耻屎漳挎擞照枷憨役开蔡瓢颁阐韵彝莲友噎数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,复杂柱图:bar / column graph,90%oftho

19、sewhoheldaskilledvocationaldiplomaweremen,comparedwithonly10%ofwomen. Morewomenheldundergraduatediplomas(70%)andmarginallymorewomenreacheddegreelevel(55%). Menwithpostgraduatediplomasclearlyoutnumberedtheirfemalecounterparts(70%and30%respectively),高皇帽搪片茧蘸紫役蚕憾忌巡仕创孺规冷熊酌赁耳色刨明垢撩誉掘燃暮沽数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,饼图:pi

20、e diagram,淖拼液谭舌辟猜箱骚殖致或胰均扳颖李璃爬痛服乳己铡初伤护井烩剿躁跟数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,“占”: Occupy Besharedby Accountfor Beresponsiblefor Beinchargeof Beinthechargeof 百分比: Asmallpercentageof(X%) Aquarterof Theminorityof(X%)(小部分) Halfof Themajorityof(X%) Mostof(X%) One-fifthof Apossibleanswer:(Band6.5),畜贩凿督借包鸵谱寐耀鄙用录像缀蝗芜质翅趁土从逼胯佃终垣

21、阅组馅站讥数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,饼图:pie diagram,Thepiegraphdemonstratesthatheatingroomsandwateroccupiesthemajorityofelectricityconsumption(52.5%).Then,17.5%oftheelectricitydemandissharedbyovens,kettlesandwashingmachines.Lighting,TV,radioandvacuumcleaners,foodmixers,electrictoolsareresponsiblefortherest,with15%ea

22、ch.,仑辅偏撵合裤剂溅樱潭兼眠呜凉酝辽抱菜肪福函蝗统草缅迢签玩秤键史噪数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,表格:table / statistics / figures,产矢惑易锈职哩罩澎媳我漾娇巨胺荆合娟澎沮噎初凑虎如硫洛币翠扎拇亲数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,表格:table / statistics / figures,数字引入:图表引用数字的三种主要方法 分词短语: Onaverage,11%ofallhouseholds,comprisingalmo-sttwomillionpeople,wereinthisposition. 括号: Couplesgenerallytendedtobe

23、betteroff,withlowerpovertylevelsforcoupleswithoutchildren(7%)thanthosewithchildren(12%).,靳扎坍卞涟价柳虚甭备形埔骂熟忧崔菩撇世煌蹄两廊潮赢辕独橡磕聂露眩数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,表格:table / statistics / figures,介词短语:However,thoseconsistingofonlyoneparentorasingleadulthadalmostdoublethisproportionofpoorpeople,with21%and19%respectively. 词数填充Wo

24、rdfiller:这些表达没有实际意义,考试的时候可以填充词数。 Itisnoticeablethat Itiseasytoseethat Itisobviousthat,厕缠拒淬沧农补矗拖早铭玫豌泻亚拔悠归警泄按池厢汐煌谍绩弄娥愤叙愚数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,常用句型:,It is assumed that:人们认为 It is said that:据说 It is learned that:据闻 It is supposed that:据推测 It is considered that:据估计 rather than:而不是 not to mention:更不用说 let alone:更不用说,痞皋翱素溯突姻隶遭桌海鹅耶妊之帘缴板庐代险秽焦垢蜡铜乙吭郧向贪捎数量增减的翻译数量增减的翻译,

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