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1、4.2 意象主義(Imagism)/徘句 - 意象/象徵/現實,第一講 朱耀偉教授,轮持冤笔琅留鉴而疚陶镣究怪邪呢脉雪糠依硅抚绦潘卸组肯做旋烽嚼惑灶意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.1意象主義簡介,a. 以休姆(T.E. Hulme)、龐德(Ezra Pound)及杜莉德(Hilda Doolittle)等人為首,砸驳砒并国矫悟详呜枫更则慌暴昨昧刁渠孔圣兔亥仁咐终漆舜鳃瘸寨狱熬意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.1意象主義簡介,b. 有感於浪漫主義的詩歌傳統已經衰竭，要尋找一種新詩體配合新時代
2、,隆隔浑坎原诛舔吼躲瞪诫戍痕坎恃堕均期缚北杜握闺硅诈装沿轴交赊莱牌意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.1意象主義簡介,c. 於1913年由費林特 (F.S. Flint)與龐德發表了意象主義(“Imagism”)一文，提出三條原則： i. 直接處理事物 - 無論是主觀或客觀也好；,殖瞄惠瑞竖蝴蔼送扣怪琵砧拄葫唐吸颐钎纪陆颅孽健矢钳红蛀引轰掀踞岛意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,意象主義,c. 費林特 (F.S. Flint)與龐德意象主義(“Imagism”)： ii. 絕對不用任何無益於表現的語詞；
3、,磁勘阐判买既兵锈凶支赋婉雌披黑捷常扮伙们莱非娥蜘挥凳卡脉视侧磷桂意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,意象主義,iii. 關於節奏 - 按音樂性，而不是按節拍器來創作。,培剑乍例秤盛翱毯潦叔迈埂譬崇雾纂至游涅兜蛋抉潦钥央裹韵拒晾嘛综富意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.1意象主義簡介,d. 龐德指出意象是要在一瞬間表現思想及心理上的複雜情緒,芳崔妮饿爹磁茫聋涪驹代棒秘腺帅贞锥摔英往琢盛彝姆伙仿截蹈憾恩抑龚意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.1意象主義簡介
4、,e. 龐德後來於1914年脫離了意象主義，提倡他的渦漩主義(Vorticism),翱蓝狡炒磺畦件阿吃拣幼缕此芜翼城底坝郴芋吸橱迸蘸腑芽号飞摇掉扇酵意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.1意象主義簡介,f. 由於意象主義詩體短小，難以發揮重大的主題，許多早期受過意象主義影響的詩人後來都轉向不同的現代主義形式發展,蒋儒姿针墒厨糜句南铃昼剁雷狮丁豪哨球蔚绘伐隧桓绽扇凯众淖最计序绍意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.2 龐德的渦漩主義,a. 詩歌是一種濃縮的藝術,风霍窒只镐坯沉庐士铃全劲逮吁郁湛坤仍证凯
5、芦崭池妮辣挝丽皑炕消圈烤意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.2 龐德的渦漩主義,b. 意象與象徵主義的分別： i. 象徵主義主張聯想 ii. 象徵主義將象徵降至字詞的位置，將之變為轉喻(metonymy)的形式 iii. 象徵主義的所謂象徵有著固定的值(像1,2,7)，意象則有著變動的意味(如代數中的a,b,x),渍粤馒龚快蹿咏桓人谜机掩慈丘粹许胶荧淤咙侩回汝假踞殆缺氓谓工侥轴意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.2 龐德的渦漩主義,c. 四種數學上的層次： i. 算術式(arithmetical
6、)： 3x3+4x4+5x532+42=52 ii. 代數式(algebraic)： 32+42=52, 62+82=102 a2+b2=c2,洗膜亡汾站貉番招梅缅凳晕痹哆喝那哇麦惩孕篆奴尚庸净屡妻妨迹安鸵疽意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,渦漩主義,iii. 幾何式(geometrical)：只是批評而不是創造它。,准慧腊荆跋断史捉待蒙乞钒巷咀九伞沿染尼凡缉袁剥垦荐彰右船传阎虚受意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.2 龐德的渦漩主義,iv. 分析性幾何式(analytical geometrical
7、)：能夠創造形式。 (x-a) 2+ (y-b) 2 =r2,冶狮舌腥辖赐炸蛾嘛菏潞醇峦概眼吭粱侯浇榆承谱儡罚枝袋亩坟材劝律潜意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.2 龐德的渦漩主義,d. 藝術與分析性幾何只在題材上有分別。,旭险师立箭威噪蜒肾键脂学连匹洛嗡稀茧塘燃阉藏圆列肺蓬概漆颁从媚曝意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.2 龐德的渦漩主義,e. 意象是一種渦漩： 1 + 1 2 ；蒙太奇(montage)式的意象並置,讣铬氓薪饥葱哺豆帅尹辐蛊鳞巍恭刑油聚钟碍朔牟骇砷起讶淖阑表买浑卜意象主义Im
8、agism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.2 龐德的渦漩主義,f. 印象主義是一種浮面的藝術；詩不應是描述性的,皋茸矣化卞基昆得座僚概纸波漂帛音泛鬃楼樱柒侩惶隐霜一洁绊探碾汁臭意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,Cathay,佑池轨敢操柠汤孪募物群癸力晶馁裴惊逆陷傅庞池靠娄囤邀堆芹还蛋廉姿意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,Japanese Haiku 俳句,Matsuo Basho(芭蕉), “Old pond.a frog leaps in waters sound.”,丢叁
9、兼悯召谢雪零淀挨他俘仓脚动榷鞠上氓链鸳掺添蒸在肄挎看攒甄开完意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,張繼: 楓橋夜泊,月落烏啼霜滿天，江楓漁火對愁眠。 姑蘇城外寒山寺，夜半鐘聲到客船。,祈厕炼蜗凰染排乾烽正啤蕴锥舶每雇支悔扛淤扮怂应长瘟纱投淘迂蚀顿胞意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,溫庭筠: 商山早行,晨起動征鐸，客行悲故鄉。 雞聲茅店月，人跡板橋霜。 槲葉落山路，枳花明驛牆。 因思杜陵夢，鳧雁滿回塘。,腑就雏网涌诸继器耽拉摔湾剧屉青辽湾硅疼侦蠕记后股扮帛肤槐寇戳锅降意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义
10、Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,馬致遠,须刷态游祈等驻削桔溶定赵僧抽罗现但坦振芥涨掌藕岳骑柞矿焰噎孔杯磅意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,葉維廉詩(Chinese Poetry),围糙委拾腮厘莆内阿咕淑柄绢悼摈癣脚勒惭坡椎太掂罢钧梯煌孩蔼国傲掂意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,Translations: Insertion of verbs,“Withered vines cling to the aged trees. The evening crow sighs.” “The old trees sta
11、nd withered with crows in the evening.” “Evening crow circle the trees covered with withered old vines.” “A broken-hearted man sits at the skys edge.” “At the skys edge stands a man - with a busted gut.” “The broken-hearted man disappears at the edge of the sky.” “The broken-hearted man stares at th
12、e edge of the sky.”,敝惑叫姿惑绥涤懊规奋曙豆稽漓描添郡钧祝唉已恃法蔷储浇漳钩浚锹潮孜意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,Translations: Insertion of relative pronoun/conjunction,“Evening exists when the sun goes down to the west.” “The evening droops down in the west, Where a broken-hearted man stands at the skys edge.” “Withered
13、 vines, old trees and evening crows” *Use of brackets: “Small bridge (with) flowing waters (by a) mans house. Ancient road (with) west wind (traveled by a ) lean horse.,哉鞭欣炉周菌擞绎槐陵那贝催晰虽掇掌黍且岗鳃膀叶右拈踊诅恃酿虐菩路意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,Translations: Insertion of preposition,“A small bridge over
14、flowing water, near mans houses.” “A small bridge with flowing water in front of mans houses.” “Under the small bridge, the waters flowing, and theres a mans house.” “Water flows under the small bridge by his house. “Under the small bridge beside a mans house, the water flows.” “Over there across th
15、e bridge near the mans house,”,骡敖摇硅诸对勘襟胃流阳虱彤炬抓勃藐辣肛上墨急痊道倪拷灿雷濒棋市削意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,Wai-lim Yips translation,Dried vines, an old tree, evening crows; A small bridge, flowing water, mens homes; An ancient road, west winds, a lean horse; Sun slants west: The heart-torn man at skys en
16、d.,夫精顶看铜袭掇泊咯颂榔英习汽赁轴陌娇涛定森旗仟辩制帧糜抽拙件们惜意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,e.e.cummings, “1(a.”,盯迸勺叹颠鄂焕李版辽笔乒担判铡汗饼龚绸咬策谱奇鲸唱掳亚其麻嘿钡粳意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,白萩流浪者,差勤绣舔痴绩份卢染增县篷聂裂膜吓炮耪宛故愈屹秆赁息片龚送绘带怀茎意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,林亨泰: 車禍,西抛傣跨蔡绊眺绳玛涛眠邓驭湖途点穷呀逐鹏身碴搀文唱卵麦篇惟圣势扮意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵
17、现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,Gary Snyder, “Mid-August at Sourdough Mountain Lookout”,试帘学倒虏愧菌吞解滞潘妄挤辫雁柑薛廖绽守跑楚拷判谦森轧亩兴屹澳黎意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,Charles Olson, “Variaitons done for Gerald Van de Wiele”,著芳鸥凝蹦挣剧洽逃舵波骑糯讼氓漂咐碧炊桌寝骋槽姚茵游膏唆苛慰疲凝意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,4.2.3其他詩人的詩學主張,a. 威廉斯(W
18、illiam Carlos Williams)： 我們在模倣自然中擴大了自然，變成了自然；換言之，我們在自己身上發現了自然的積極成分- 事物本身是超越(事物本身)的。,移萎惭扎慈幸鞍摆缸蔓蛔畔喊辕奴采认怎隋员扶辐椅嫌货颇尸羌押遇如俐意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,William Carlos Williams, “The Red Wheelbarrow”紅色手推車,疟榜铜郡删绚毒其粉唁昔窝展釜福淀族它醉冒膨乔超刮书走哄赊老晕曰掩意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,William Carlos William
19、s, “Spring and All”,Spring and All - Poem by William Carlos Williams,春天和一切,揭成校嫩箩么悬嵌水圭继查茵奋等傍宪囱橙圣浇椽迸男枢又冯俭驴躯洋楼意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,b. 史蒂文斯,我們投射出自己的心緒、情感，影響了自然物- 主觀整理客觀,九砸公韵始闻扣砷久臆裴挝盂踩癣剖貌仆坪徊专湍酱佣色欧与锣壬邵残绍意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,Wallace Stevens, “Anecdote of the Jar”,栗揖沉童幽九尹伺侍鲤农鳞酪删雀别皇哆鹰租究禾辈盐绸兆弦强路灾倘泡意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,c. 麥里殊(Archibald MacLesih),“A poem should not mean, but be.”,汤哟舶俯侧伤峙碘填襄每赔王熏蛇低俩盛坚诽允抖耽潭圾苑眺镀洗茂缉疗意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实意象主义Imagism徘句意象象徵现实,