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1、Comparison and Contrast 比较和对照的写作方法目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；二使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:1. 块状比较方式（block method），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3.；B1，B2，B3.。2. 逐点比较方式（point-by-point method），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3.。范文一：Country Life and City LifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the
2、 other, city life or rural life. Both have their merits and shortcomings. Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more cultural activities in the city you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies
3、or the disco club after a days hard work. But city life has many problems, too. The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent sunrise and
4、 sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you dont have so mucn worries. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flow
5、ers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remote corners of the world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city. Like anything else, country life
6、and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both lives and get rid of their inconveniences.范文二：Middle School Life and College LifeThere are many differences between middle school and the college. First，in middle school，we have to listen
7、 to what the teacher says in class, to understand the content of the text. But in college，we must study by ourselves before class. If not，we couldnt follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. For example，we should wear the uniform，the girls must have their hair cut short， a
8、nd we are not allowed to make boy- or girlfriends. However，in college，we have more freedom. We can wear the clothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful hair. We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. The third，in the middle school，we must study first. That means we could do nothing b
9、ut study. In contrast，we have to do everything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully. There are also other differences between our school life and our college life. We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.三写作步骤1. 写前阶段：写作提纲1) 对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同
10、之处。如分析Online shoping or in-store shopping（网络购物还是店内购AdvantagesDisadvantagesOnline shoppingConvenient;Cheap;A lot of selectionsCheated;Cannot see the items in person;In-store shoppingPersonal, talk;Know the quality;Good for healthExpensive;Time-consuming;tiring2. 写作阶段：利用相关资料，组织结构与内容1) Useful words and
11、 phrases:比较 ：like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally. 对照： by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast. 2）Useful expressions Just
12、like a coin has two sides, everyting has its advantages and disadvantages, and is no exception. The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages. The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that. For all the disadvantages, it has i
13、ts compensating advantages. Like anything else, it has its faults. A and B has several points in common. A bears some resemblances to B. However, the same is not applicable to B. A and B differ in several ways. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. The same is true of B. Wondering as
14、 A is ,it has its drawbacks. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are . I. Introduction： Comparison and contrast is a method that is often used by writers to analyze the similarities and differences between two subjects. To compare is to bring out the similarities between two
15、 things， and to contrast， which is a form of comparison， is to emphasize the differences between them. As a result， we can understand the two subjects better than we would do if we just examine the two individually. In writing a comparison and contrast essay， you may emphasize either the similaritie
16、s or the differences between the two subjects， or if you like， you may include in your essay both the similarities and differences. No matter what you may emphasize in your essay， remember you should make a point in your essay， that is， there should be a purpose for making the comparison and the con
17、trast. If the two items are too similar or too different， there wont be any point in comparing or contrasting them. II. Three purposes for making a comparison and contrast：A. To present information about something unfamiliar by comparing it with something familiar.B. To show the superiority of one t
18、hing by comparing it with another.C. To show the reader of the similarities and differences of two things to help the reader understand or evaluate them.III. The organization of a comparison and contrast essay：A. How to introduce a comparison and contrast essayYou can introduce your comparison and c
19、ontrast essay by explaining clear your purpose for making the comparison and/or contrast. You can also present the background information that promotes you to write the essay. B. How to organize the body of a comparison and contrast essay：When you come to the body of a comparison and contrast essay，
20、 you should follow the following two steps：1. Identifying the points： If you dont know what points to compare and/or contrast about the subjects， you can create a list of potential points for each of the subjects. Then you can rearrange these points.2. Choosing an effective pattern to organize the s
21、imilarities and differences.a） The subject-by-subject pattern： to present each of the two subjects separately， that is， to present first about one of the subjects， covering the points completely， then proceed to the other subject， also covering all the points completely. In general， this way works b
22、etter in short essays where few aspects are considered， or where the writers interest is in the whole. Its pattern is like the following：b） The point-by-point pattern： to discuss the two subjects for each point of comparison and contrast， that is， you write about the first point in terms of the simi
23、larities and differences between the two subjects， then proceed to the next point， and so on. This way is preferable in long essays where many aspects are mentioned， for a long discussion of the various aspects of one item puts too much burden on the readers memory. Its pattern is like the following
24、：c） The sim-diff pattern： The writer puts all the similarities between the subjects together and all the differences together. This technique is suitable for those subjects whose similarities and differences are more balanced. In an essay using this pattern to organize the body part， the whole essay
25、 will be arranged in the following way：IntroductionSimilarities DifferencesConclusionC. How to end a comparison and contrast essay： Your conclusion should help your readers draw conclusions. You may propose an action， stimulate the reader or make a generalization. You can also restate your purpose in a fresh way.