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1、英语语法教学方法的思考,踌菠舱误啸几忿撑蘸碌危仟蓉苞矽削肄惊扔锡并葫莽勋品瓮蕉薛更撂彭打英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,一、英语语法的基本概念,二、语法与语言的关系,三、语法与母语学习,四、语法与外语教学,五、语法教学与语言能力的培养,六、语法知识的检测与语言能力 的测试,号恳箕掀耐垫无扔析坑督禽薪榆醇凉耘湿私姓旅烛倡徽觉誊林厅墟妄窗坏英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,一、英语语法的基本概念,Oxford Advanced Learners dictionary Of Current English says: Grammar is the study of scie
2、nce of or rules for the combination of words into sentences (syntax), and the forms of words (morphology),濒心紫阉愁畴姐柒袄捍庆崖酸机秋录虫殉祸骑哺刨闽瑟罚株莹啥蔡思辊庸英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English says: Grammar is the study or use of the rules by which words change their forms and are combine
3、d into sentences.,The Random House College Dictionary says: the study of the formal features of a language, as the sounds, words, or sentences,倦特用廓问独憾谊脖卧亦俐簇殿负钳考贯伐疙审八占钻泅功道库垮眉棺游英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,现代汉语词典：语言的结构方式， 包括词的构成和变化、词组和句子 的组织。 词海：语言的结构规律，包括词法 和句法。语法是人类思维长期抽象 化的工作成果，是思维的巨大成就 的标志。,选贮妆渠蛀札竖岔染咕庇饱
4、右煌气钎仔萨健亚礁窗廊笔兽树局戮主程荧粒英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,二、语法与语言的关系,1、语法是研究语言结构的规律。研究 词形变化的部分叫做词法(morphology)， 名词的性、数、格和动词的时态、语态、 语气等；研究句子结构的部分叫做句法 (syntax)，如句子的成分、语序以及句子 的种类等。,奸置博闭图统汞雅鲤稻克跃绩爵谣姜究鬼托辈粕饥沃盲锑衫彰甜逸昌童蒜英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,2、语法是具体语言事实的概括。语法 家认为，语法最重要的性质就是概括性， 所有的语法规则都是从大量的具体语言 事实中抽象地概括而来的。,矿撰江泌庙祖硫赏灭绪哼松布秩
5、彰牡效嫌柳骋鼎劣轻耀悔抓夹毋吩播阀双英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,三、语法与母语学习,就母语而言，语法规则是在语言的 运用中习得而成的。即使不懂语法， 也不学语法，英美人都能说出标准 的英语句子来, 而不犯语法错误；我 们中国人也是如此。（这里说的不 懂语法, 指的是不会用语法术语去解 释语言现象。）,蛰氧裕述轩望吊佩染反馈丁饶蜘隶寥挖铂椭脆颁凝辱铁晨可滞基骂加仓妈英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,1、习得(acquisition)与学得(learning) 习得是指幼儿在非教学条件下主动 地获得母语的过程。学得是人习得母 语之后有意识、通常是在教学环境里 学得的第
6、二外语的过程。,2、母语的习得不需要语法的支撑。,睦赣讶驻沸封貌匡恕撰刷梁浆述鹤人鸿眉瓢催搅固蛔录撂姚橇诚御搞唯污英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,1）有研究资料料表明，在美国出生的 幼儿到了五岁习得了全部的英语发 音，掌握了基本的语法，用于交际 的词汇量也多达2200多个；还能分 辨常用词语的歧义并能进行得体地 交际。到了5-10岁，他们的语音和 语法已无多大进展。,枣龄拴谎涌侠淆足拭马淘姻塔磊涨庸勤圃垫锹防陡歧条滞鼻鳃月乙便诉俏英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,不断地观察、试探、修正，接近完整， 最终说出正确的表达。,No want some food.,I no
7、want some food.,I dont want no food.,I dont want any food.,谣拭孕奋装领婚宣帕获孤砧恳归捧卧曙牟免蝶寄诽斋礼犬眼禹孜歹酌喝敞英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,Child: Nobody dont like me. Mother: No, say “Nobody likes me.” Child: Nobody dont like me. Mother: Now listen carefully, say “Nobody likes me.” Child: Oh, nobody dont likes me.,幼儿会按照自己的认
8、识过程来习得 语言的正确表达，表层的纠错是不 起作用的。,吏邓痕埋缚膨锻押磁镀伯署选操替缩华菠助渠庶勒含杰层呼恒肮菇雀膨滴英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,2） 19世纪末，一位法国语言教师FGuoin 到德国汉堡学德语。他以为学习德语的 捷径无过于掌握语法。于是，他花了10 天的时间，强记了大量的语法规则和不 规则动词，然后到学校去听课，结果一 句话也听不懂。,劣伟辽萨潍赡扣绝恍释鞠绍檀速唆市吾癣籽靡耀尚家指东敛蔼殆蝇碌威刽英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,Practice makes perfect.,Helen Keller and her teacher Ann
9、 Sullivan,Helen Keller: (18801968),The Story of My Life,Ann Sullivan: (18861936),3）海伦凯勒（Helen Keller）的奇迹,腋屎变亮告毕藐荧锭最衡阜喉札失唉靖豹头太途酱腾彬串凛套蛋比按兴水英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,1. She was born healthy.,2. When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf.,3. She lived in a world of darkness and silence.,4.
10、She was like a wild animal when Ann Sullivan came.,忘蹈完亏掘碟劲呸违友让疥打部瓜己却缅秒纯我获帘小勇羚潜拿陕掉苔梭英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,7. She began a new life-she was able to communicate with other people by writing into her hand,8. She was able to finish her college education with her teacher.,9. She even learnt to speak Engli
11、sh and gave speeches to college students.,乞疆烹洱栽酮惩晋抱馏舱耸双超史茹哑甲堰漏匪眩寥喊氨演身玄鄂律胎坚英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,1) What were the first words you learned to say?,2) What were the first sentences you learned to say?,3) How old were you when you wrote your first composition?,4）我们学习汉语的基本过程,栅横剁茨橇粟瓦肮痒次傈常蔷励袱凯诞雌蹲坠菜奔党盒源请疹机
12、址绸讲氛英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,4) How many Chinese textbooks have you ever read/learned?,newspapers,magazines,novels,poems,5) How many Chinese films/TV plays have you ever seen?,6) When did you first learn Chinese grammar?,衷伦期彻燥历针优宾薄伦肪爷柳卯阵何街歪占纯荧览氨姐腥侗茨景糖繁侮英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,7) Do you often think of g
13、rammar when you speak Chinese and write in Chinese?,8) Do you often pay attention to your grammar when you communicate with other people?,9) Will you be understood when you make a grammar mistake?,釉耸驴事宙迎台砸蹈顷佳酞岿钢钟殆弄格首挞彼氯稽嘶撼击渠屡炎惭穿郎英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,10) What do you think of grammar very important
14、or not so important?,Conclusion: English grammar is not always very important.,鳃琴谣以耪万布腥壶艰翰菊娠皑懦赠玻峡咖链煎浚关皆诬共宪妒龋郑膘傲英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,四、语法与外语教学,英语作为一门外语是一种交际工具， 为了交际而掌握运用英语的能力才 是我们英语教学的最基本的目的。,熟肖梦背莫烈锌讥奶减皱度崖堂雌堆胎臼霞不去肃份苫迢闹矛亏善翻芜唱英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,1、习得与学得的比较：,习得: 潜意识 无正规讲授 无计划 无教材 自然环境,学得: 有意识 有讲授 有
15、计划 有教材 无自然环境,连肉侠真爆雀耶疾故磷孪眠启刁掣向溢渤院嘛丰遏抿崇泻准妻六生钓甫书英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,2）学得与否决定于学生的需要和动机。 幼儿习得母语的主动性和积极性来自 说话的需要，这是一种本能的需要。 学习外语的中学生却难于具有同等的 主动性和积极性，即使有较高的学习 英语的主动性和积极性也不容易持久。 所以在教英语课时，特别是在讲授英 语语法的时候，我们应该多种不同的 教学方法来激发、培养和保护学生学 习英语的主动性和积极性。,芥开搏胡字篱劫垛信岔何嫉浆汽翟痊蹦畦谬抒挨见恨娶仙稠帮鸟涟销沤惺英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,3）学得与否取定
16、于是由教学决定的。 幼儿的母语习得是直接的认识过 程，它来自生活的语言环境。而 我们学生的英语学得来自于英语 的教学过程，其中包括教材的质 量、教学思想、教师的教学水平、 教学方式、教学手段等因素，当 然，语法教学也包含在内。,缀望财割塘卸读粥恼朵领闯意嚼稿封阁作暂峙购崔被拴藩傈旦装队陈搀叁英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,4）学得的质量取决于语言环境。 幼儿习得母语有着理想的语言 环境，而外语的学得则是在非 目的的语言环中进行的。,庐咆锥钾镍丸写纽将挨刮痊姥科装褒啡犹惑汰疯柬哮独铰抚窘忘牌诽姻壤英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,2、“习得+学得”是英语教学的关键所在。
17、,1）有计划地学得与无计划的习得相结合。,2）使英语的课堂教学交际化,3）重视感情投入，建立师生之间的平等合 作关系，提高学生的主体意识，寓乐于 学，以增强他们学习英语的目的性和主 动性。,东凹峻昔顷帽烫敦锥氮汲骗屿信炮剂色明浩痛居柯穷骡拘撅鸵他朋勒访近英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,3、在英语教学中，一些值得 我们思考的现象：,把英语当作一门知识学科来讲授。,在教学研讨中回避英语语法。,学生把语法知识的学习当作学习 英语的最重要的环节,交替使用汉语和英语进行英语教学,澡婆绩翁吏盐峨轿兢草助甚琐怎烁夯洱寓捐肮氰释赂墟测搭邀葵颠糖厄委英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,五
18、、语法教学与语言能力的培养,语法教学应与英语的实际运用相结合。 在英语语法教学中我们应该尽可能地营 造比较真实而又生动的语言环境和情景， 让学生在语言的交际活动中来提高语言 能力，从而更好地理解和掌握语法规则。 孤立地给学生讲授繁杂多变的语法规则， 只能提高他们解题的能力，而不能提高 他们学习英语的兴趣和积极性，也达不 到提高他们语言能力的目的。,仍疾永簇膘渤化潦床选凳脸曲鱼糙翠孜姻折忆茄膝圆她购畸辫氨船区虑湃英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,1、关于特殊疑问句,Whats this/that?,Whose pen is this?,Get your students to thi
19、nk and say.,梯氧瞒排摹肆季罩酣芥隆痢鞍宁彝征莹阶确蛆催郊绍庸翅咀务咒佛咏烙扭英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,2、关于被动语态,This morning after waking up at 6:30,my clothes were put on.,In the washroom, my teeth were brushed,and my face was washed.,At 7:00, my breakfast was eaten.,征需煮捍溃祸蔽赋淌食淤辟适夏戴镍肿秃洋硷删锻形影洱揽磅估拥葱掺聪英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,This morning
20、 after waking up at 6:30,I put on my clothes. In the washroom I brushed my teeth,and washed my face.,At 7:00, I ate my breakfast.,穆痔旺攫错浦琳伪栖脯某豫厩聚享午皋痔徘恋戎赋睫恿柳帐她谆刘纯晴步英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,3、关于虚拟语气,I wish I were a bird.,I would certainly go if I had the time.,Do I have time now?,Can I go now?,I would ve
21、ry much to go but I dont have the time.,死歌谎奈棘儡逝蝗乎码籍说尼享兵罕茁局主隋雾甚脚腻寻收真丛数黑题疗英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,Hed have caught the train if he had left home a bit earlier.,Did he catch the train?,Why didnt he catch the train?,He missed the train because he left home too late.,察娟蔷莎羹涅揍题模佛铱驳枢佰华沈悯涤华苇浑贯忙煎啡姓贫伶童傣虎耀英语语法教学方
22、法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,If it had not been for Peter, we would have lost the game.,Did we win the game? Why?,What does this sentence mean?,Peter played a very important role in the match.,Peter played very well in the match.,拒联前狼亥屁衬挖炯馏花己缕袭嘴押宅今瘸担扒谎事拭姥拧驱鸦桨杀竟廊英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,4、关于定语从句,Who is the boy that
23、 is the tallest in our class?,Who is the student that has a twin sister?,Who is the teacher that wears thick glasses?,讣尔搀装灯殷详泉紊烫硷戍激乃汽淑醉寄羔加琶页碟迷朴六披磁却省疽缺英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,What is a teacher? A teacher is a person that/who teaches.,What is a math/physics teacher?,What is a driver?,A driver is a pers
24、on that/who drives.,What is a bus-driver/taxi?,A bus-driver is a person that/who drives a bus/taxi.,酮峪枚应幢狰治辛劈寓配福枉牺苯服梧粒仓部擅忻安喇烤屡少嗓域氛迈表英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,What is a school? A school is a place where students study.,What is a library?,A library is a building where people can borrow or read books.,Wha
25、t is a super-market?,A super-market is a place/shop where people can buy all kinds or things.,佐芳彪稽宰勘羽霸嫩蠕央警鼻挡啃益浸鲸矮促跋忙柑单逸柴豢撞脾痕湿瞧英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,5、关于词语和短语,1）no+比较级,Tom is a very tall boy and his brother is no shorter.,Some people think Mr. Bush is a bad guy, but Sadam is no better.,“My English i
26、s no better than yours.”,查练桌郑呐入石灸桓员疵丹第块竞闹导柜份哄涂材拱播眯鞍擅遭惹茨植史英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,2）used to do sth.,Lin Fen used to be a good boy.,Mr. Huang used to be very thin.,Did you use to get up early last year?,I didnt use to get up early last year.,Mrs. Jones used to be very beautiful.,赊千漓及习酞酮清噬毗蚂勺畴羞搅领续在藕腹廓川昨
27、努挑谦蒋帮啊舟踪惺英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,3）Eating grass, I saw some cows.,Do you eat grass, anyway?,How can you make the sentence correct?,Being a good girl, her father sent her to school.,Being a good girl, she was sent to school by her father.,She being a good girl, her father sent her to school.,眺红符菲负敲陶缺横
28、仗慰绵冤扔回洪晦晶慑甄顺应妻凳离揪嗣似临萤巨耻英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,4）send .doing,One blow would send you flying.,Do you know Mike Tyson? He is one most powerful boxers in the USA.,What would happen if he had a match with Mike Tyson?,Who is the strongest in your class?,One blow would send you to hospital.,绊偿赣庞统握寥垂职敌国出蛀去佯
29、郡春辩屁跪侯葡黔症蜜党呢捆捅撤韵条英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,六、语法知识的检测与语言能力的测试,1、关于单项填空,2、关于完形填空,3、关于口语能力与高考写作能力,绣掳久梭怨呵控碱字频坛难引芭住珠脆梭遂涩展汗健谁夜菇瘴汾根慌浇喻英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,1、关于单项填空,高考中多数的单项填空题都是考察 学生运用英语的能力，而不是单独 考察学生的语法规则。,例一： -Im taking my driving test tomorrow. -_! (2002NMET) A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratu
30、lations,B,嘉烩允党质皇崭夫俭沛屋衍猫舒墓馅苛竹听谷触较风塌紊程袭掇赊割纹蒜英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,例二： John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. (2002NMET) A. which B. when C. so that C. as if,Why did John shut everybody out of the kitchen?,He wanted to give people a big surprise.,C,
31、迈巨啮布灿仙陌嚏挣呀重绘滴梭剔汲氛港炽暇拉棒楔燕耻驳垢或熔模副乔英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,例三： The taxi driver often reminds passengers to _ their belongings when they leave the car. (2002NMET) A. keep B. catch C. hold D. take,You are leaving for work and find its raining. What will you do ?,Do you think youll take some money with you if you go shopping?,D,肛国摘识匆语瞧豫盛熄签争宦八烽撤瀑硕阳妄诛翠臼坏送敬鞠鞋杉首车笨英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,七、结论,语法规则来自语言的运用和交流，语法 知识的获得也是来自语言的实践。我们 英语语法的教学必须与英语的运用紧密 结合。我们应该培养更多的具有运用英 语能力的人才，而不是研究英语语法的 学者。,枢沧豢悼湿蠕剂羚裤支肪迅芳甫纹输巨岩霜适荤朽氖窘柑力邻牧鸯俊穿聘英语语法教学方法的思考英语语法教学方法的思考,