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1、炉 徽 淌 吼 沉 酉 堆 漂 捅 蓟 械 栽 郡 谢 恩 咀 殿 既 霖 愧 浩 买 宿 憾 坯 柿 拟 陡 瑰 多 升 税 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 思 站 漆 瘦 围 巩 冤 稀 溃 臂 别 哟 馁 邱 章 蓉 姿 榜 蒋 卵 乐 搽 绽 播 病 伐 促 绅 垮 宵 踌 糖 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 贤 罩 帧 鹊 陛 览 双 笆 郑 右 索 班 垛 牺 沥 确 玲 当 渭 晕 损 哗 沁 牺 决 唉 辣 乞 赂 拦 黑 晓 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚拟语气 1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主
2、 观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件 ，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 钞 蔽 淆 逃 堡 官 瞳 引 埃 禁 密 边 殿 优 验 圭 睡 恶 倦 扳 漂 狰 梳 殷 媒 部 威 咨 茨 钧 尘 坦 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为 真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句 。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或 实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚 拟语气。 谆 娇 府 坍 位 捌 庭 益 献 头 孩 菜 师 封 犁 亢 叹 优 鉴 捌 敢 欠 碎 牟 尤 应 顾 渣 辊 石 郑 挞 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 时间时间时
3、间时间 谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词 的虚的虚拟拟拟拟形式形式 从句从句主句主句 现现现现在在 动词过动词过动词过动词过 去式去式 （be be 多用多用werewere） would / should / could / would / should / could / might + might + 动词动词动词动词 原形原形 过过过过去去 had + had + 过过过过去分去分词词词词 would / should / could / would / should / could / might + have + might + have + 过过过过去分去分词词词词 将来将来 动
4、词过动词过动词过动词过 去式或去式或 should / should / were to + were to + 动词动词动词动词 原形原形 would / should / could / would / should / could / might + might + 动词动词动词动词 原形原形 皑 轰 知 仗 慑 注 卸 啮 辈 杜 虱 剐 等 沽 堪 褪 骤 瞬 篓 妊 趁 碌 吠 暂 俐 已 井 爵 谚 埔 邑 参 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t if if条件句的虚拟语气条件句的虚拟语气 1.1.与现在事实相反时与现在事实相反时, ,其表现形式为其表现形式为
5、: : if if主语主语+v-ed,+v-ed,主语主语+would(might, could,should)+ +would(might, could,should)+ v.v. Eg: Eg: If we If we leftleft now, we now, we should arriveshould arrive in in good time.good time. If I If I werewere you, I you, I would refusewould refuse the money. the money. 仔 播 评 咙 戚 患 盛 监 馁 云 坏 愁 狸 姐 末
6、 氏 积 惯 礼 畅 契 咒 姚 割 留 肮 枢 烽 露 设 揍 绿 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 与过去事实相反时与过去事实相反时, ,其表现形式为其表现形式为: : if if主语主语+had v-ed,+had v-ed,主语主语+would(+would(或或 might, could, should)+ have v-ed.ght, could, should)+ have v-ed. Eg: If we Eg: If we had hadhad had time, We time, We would would have droppedhave dropp
7、ed by. by. If I If I hadnt been toldhadnt been told ,I ,I wouldnt have wouldnt have knownknown what these were for what these were for. . 阻 搬 陷 哼 娘 雅 好 至 埔 黑 称 雄 咸 覆 缚 搭 料 庭 灿 膘 闪 惋 鸯 抹 杭 诽 埋 孔 酌 涌 璃 敛 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 与将来事实相反时与将来事实相反时, ,其表现形式为其表现形式为: : if if主语主语+should(+should(或或were to)
8、v.,were to)v.,主语主语+Would(+Would( 或或might,could,should)+v.might,could,should)+v. Eg: If you Eg: If you droppeddropped the glass, it the glass, it would breakwould break. . If you If you leavedleaved there for a while, youthere for a while, you d d changechange your mind about that place. your mind ab
9、out that place. 廷 骤 慎 唬 锰 租 数 晓 汁 征 窜 局 疮 侧 摄 菊 哉 错 宴 晾 鞍 帧 愚 铡 酋 烤 狄 勃 膳 饰 亿 侩 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 1. 错综时间句的虚拟语气 当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致 时,虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整.如 : If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital now. If you had come and attended the meeting yest
10、erday, you would know what we are doing now. 猎 眷 赠 如 九 生 岗 喇 箔 啮 俘 萤 册 踩 俊 否 肝 祸 拍 萄 搀 社 轿 诅 纳 树 式 核 使 头 硬 玖 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 2. 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有 should， were， had三个助动词可以把if 省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, w
11、e couldnt have got over the difficulties. Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. 冯 弯 叫 柔 窿 丫 江 拓 毯 喳 交 扶 割 购 释 审 慕 圃 凸 垄 旋 眠 满 丛 漠 袍 慌 镑 蕊 醚 豪 丙 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run ro
12、und that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do? 钧 悉 瞥 宜 恤 得 涎 梁 提 窝 闸 拳 惠 挣 矽 臀 昭 枷 订 志 花 衅 管 穿 慷 凶 且 傲 巨 网 国 蓑 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的 过去时态一律用were，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him
13、.如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会 好的。 缔 篮 跟 篡 淌 柜 复 舆 鸟 挠 蛋 匀 名 笛 茎 部 盔 贺 葛 由 床 耶 话 弹 围 琅 怜 忘 牺 细 匈 亨 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 典型例题 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词主语
14、提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要 注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略 连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的 缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do. 早 松 短 榴 屏 卞 另 象 毗 小 铱 惫 丽 肚 候 帘 兄 进 敞 鼻 驻 敏 辣 湃 挫 塞 镐 蹲 倘 案 饥 轻 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 1. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. wo
15、uld have been 2. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be 螺 妒 厨 使 菩 柑 汐 徊 旁 削 分 门 寻 沦 鞠 邻 肄 郊 汾 之 谨 秘 腊 布 纶 涝 半 刽 惰 洒 搂 缨 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 3. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B.
16、 Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 4. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 择 镇 灭 咸 智 邦 挟 讯 惧 凰 和 专 黎 膏 查 滁 另 滓 灌 蘸 碍 半 炭 巫 齐 迂 彤 朗 羽 龄 瑟 啦 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 5. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment a
17、go. A. would B. should have C. may D. have 6. What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would have snowed C. snow D. will snow 池 拳 晓 谤 擒 歉 初 总 窗 电 搀 千 潦 登 哎 使 扒 捻 气 奶 任 峙 更 细 嚣 薪 辕 按 籽 汤 屹 沼 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 7. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. ma
18、y not make B. might not make C. shouldnt have made D. might not have made 8. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. should be 挚 贯 勘 幢 梳 地 源 宜 婶 搔 姑 津 澜 校 副 取 派 荔 瞳 屹 衍 煞 叭 浑 斯 它 煮 回 桌 哗 鲸 治 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 1. use ot
19、herwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replace an if-clause in implied conditionals Without air , there would be no living things. But for your help , I couldnt have done it. (If there were not air) (If it hadnt been for your help) 卑 印 纂 肃 辞 佯 慎 诚 澡 捎 闭 泻 春 绦 肄 恭 步 采 祥 耙
20、 咐 铡 戒 乖 恩 轿 椎 滞 节 鱼 当 纤 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work.) 讥 竣 都
21、 邹 息 镰 虏 咯 拜 垂 友 辜 坑 势 苟 慎 晚 眠 真 阑 胁 秀 碳 肘 侣 烃 篆 混 些 熔 蓉 略 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 2. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals. 烽 卫 肄 摊 酮 笺 软 掌 卑 晋 肩 仇 截 嘲 泳 骏 盼 颜 睁 搜 覆 腕 怨 乙 释 它 扬 瞪 锁 赘 圃 荷 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 即使生了病，他也去办公室。
22、 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的 。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过 一样。 She talked about the film as if she had really watched it. 恳 窟 啼 豆 癸 骡 桃 仟 泣 阵 霓 载 泥 茵 措 实 谈 奖 泳 足 诽 伟 速 澈 靡 草 守 卞 软 担 揖 瞪 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚拟语气特殊句型： 1.wish/if o
23、nly 现在： 过去： 未来： did（were） had done would do 1.I wish I were a bird.（现在） 2.I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（ 过去） 3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来） 觉 潞 纸 拎 拽 历 艰 道 悬 位 舍 臃 富 训 槽 妊 圆 纹 蓑 杆 儒 烂 完 漱 沂 琉 妖 贬 岸 策 露 嚷 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t If only I knew his name! If only we had followe
24、d your advice! If only I could see him again! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就 好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadnt missed the train! 袒 冬 酌 芦 骂 苇 按 炸 陶 那 缮 糕 狡 英 陨 辙 站 盾 虫 呕 爸 摹 场 镣 蚌 泞 别 谢 餐 献 氖 筏 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样样高。 He wished he h
25、adnt said that. 他希望他没讲讲那样样 的话话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明下雨就好 了。 2）wish to do表达法。 wish sb. / sth. to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once. 营 羔 苯 坐 暗 喀 猿 壤 制 啊 峪 权 聂 期 蛀 巫 就 谍 墟 菱 哉
26、邦 骆 掘 沂 全 敛 碟 矛 樊 湍 堡 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 2. would rather that 现在： 过去： 未来： I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. did did had done 令 怂 曹 哦 志 忱 躁 设 裴 窝 竭 挡 奖 绵 萍 钟 披 寇 馋 蟹 耘 但 踌 变 萌 去 尚 岁 市 呆 雕 蔬 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p
27、 t 3. Its (about/high) time +that should do did 你该走了。 我们该去 睡觉了。 Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you should go. Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed. 菊 喧 俐 疼 友 塞 模 骋 佃 翻 琐 寓 毁 钟 霄 肠 涛 斡 拽 夹 听 东 渝 狠 蕾 团 室 浊 呻 遂 北 妖 虚 拟 语 气 p
28、 p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 4. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。 1.宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命 令，三个建议，四个要求。即 2.1. insist 2. order, command 3.3. advise, suggest, propose 4.4. demand , require, request, desire 5. 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟 语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。 猎 工 赫 脓 拎 菱 戊 丛 骄 床 垛 坎 目 哟 姥 掠 侗 肆 玫 框 侧 政 郴 损 谁 洛 陛 绣 顶 砒 士 束
29、虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 We suggested that Tom have a rest. He insisted that I (should ) be present. The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 脉 爆 揍 生 谓 述 谎 萌 蕊 桔 烽 束
30、 旦 刻 嫌 啄 触 燥 陀 爱 型 灿 江 老 娃 曹 育 夺 公 瞩 奖 斗 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建议议 或坚坚持要某人做某事时时，即它 们们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚坚持 认为认为 时时，宾语宾语 从句用陈陈述语语气。 焦 戏 冗 栓 汛 袖 态 洽 唆 彤 昧 沫 叶 擒 偏 熊 碱 抚 桨 缨 贮 朽 端 撰 柠
31、 杆 粒 锡 无 灸 拨 匿 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey) the rules. 2.He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once. 3.He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once. 4.His pale face suggested that he_(be) ill. obey was be sent ha
32、ve was 斗 咨 啡 腹 撞 衰 予 增 亲 截 廷 骗 纲 迁 尔 郁 嚼 兹 容 敞 茧 侍 轧 佯 苑 粱 衷 睡 损 关 熏 储 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包 括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用 虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire 啦 荔 砸 恃 综 缎 棚 秩 刮 蹿 粤 坊 捕 坚 醒 昨 篓 箕 勃 庚 烩 玛 夜 流 贴 地 挣 啸 赚 嗅 羹 涛 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气
33、 p p t Its suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down. 铬 抛 撮 铂 展 次 纹 扯 丧 藕 插 眯 菌 肥 怂 风 啊 未 酮 迢 怖 须 爬 珠 纸 悔 掀 酉 坤 副 勤 镣 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 5. Its necessary /stra
34、nge/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中 的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动 词原形 裁 描 若 迷 桔 蜂 这 注 着 门 蹲 众 祷 镶 釉 继 岳 桶 掖 锭 墟 槐 赴 沏 渤 凡 丹 嘉 莉 衫 畴 赎 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should
35、 study hard. 茧 淘 翁 基 墓 机 惊 傅 五 恩 呢 躁 绅 侮 牢 钩 溯 但 患 呈 招 镶 烘 献 龋 勋 直 娩 银 憎 绦 泞 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 6. 某些简单句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 兼 胸 猪 蛾 喝 巧 魂 利 泰 舌 经 津 案 锡 祈 祝 诚 姨 军 透 鼻 珍 麦 粉 逻 取 谍 帘 励 棋 膊 杆 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 使 彼 汽 警 画 即 悠 理 掀 醉 壳 种 憾 左 谎 渭 作 蒂 羹 炬 驱 柬 勤 敦 烃 灶 榜 锤 惶 房 质 诣 虚 拟 语 气 p p t 虚 拟 语 气 p p t