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1、.一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题与练习一现在完成时1. 现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词 构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。2. 现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。We are good friends.现(在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）（1）表
2、示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被 just、already、 yet 等副词修饰。 如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有 for 和 since 等表示一段时间的状语。如： He has taught here since 1981他自 1981 年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）I havent seen her for four ye
3、ars.我有四年没见到她了。（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有 twice, ever,.never, three times等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。3.现在完成时的时间状语（ 1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词 already 和 yet。 already 一般用于肯定句中
4、， yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如： We have already finished our homework我.们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用 ever 和 never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经 ”或 “从未 ”等。如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall我.从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如 just, before, up to no
5、w, the past few years等。例如： I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。d.用包括 “现在 ”在内的时间状语，如： now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。例如： -Have you met him today? -No, I havent.今天你见过他吗？我没有。How many times have
6、you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？（2）现在完成时可以和带有since 或 for 等表示 “一段时间 ”的状语连用 ,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years.但是，像 come, arrive,.buy 等 止性 不能与表示“一段 ”的状 用。要用，必 改 “ be（在） ”等延 性 来表述。 一下由非延 性 到延 性 的 ：arrive be herebegin(start)be ondiebe deadcome back be backleavebe awayfall ill(
7、sick,asleep) be ill(sick,asleep)get up be upgo outbe outfinishbe overput onwear 或 be onopenbe openjoinbe in 或 be a member of closebe closedgo to school be a studentborrowkeepbuyhavecatch(a cold) have(acold)get to know knowbegin to study studycome to work work 等如： He has been a soldier for three year
8、s他.参 三年了。His father has been dead for two years他.父 去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes电.影已开始十分 了。We have studied English for three years.我 （开始）学英 已三年了。4.几点注意事 （ 1）have been(to)与 have gone( to)的区 ：have been(to)表示 “去 某地（ 在已 回来了） ”，可用于各人称； have gone(to)表示 “去某地了（ 某人不在当地） ”，常用于第三人称，前者可与 once ,neve
9、r, several times等 用，后者 不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他 去 北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（2）如 表示一段 ，或 一段 ， 有since 一 ，也不必用完成 。如： It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years他.父 去世已有两年了。.（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I havent left here s
10、ince 1997自.从 1997 年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。(4) 表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，用现在完成时，要加表示一段时间的时间状语时，常用 for一段时间 , since时间点。I have lived here since my childhood我.从小就一直住在这里。I have lived here for 10 years. 我在这已经住了 10 年了。(5) 在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用 how long How long have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，时态使用是不一样的。如：I li
11、ved here for a week last summer去.年夏天我在这里住了一周。I have lived here for a week by now. 到现在为止，我已经在这里住了一周。I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住一周。二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态， 其结果的确和现在有联系。 动作或状态发生在过去， 但它的影响现在还存在； 而一般过去时表示过去的事实， 不表示和现在的关系。I have just been to London. I went there last mon
12、th.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语 :.yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的 状 共同的 状 :this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 在完成 的 状 for,
13、since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3. 在完成 可表示持 到 在的 作或状 ， 一般是延 性的，如live, teach, learn,work, study, know. 去 常用的非持 性 有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 例：I saw this film yesterday.（ 看的 作 生 了。 ）I have seen this film.（ 在的影响， 影的内
14、容已 知道了。）Why did you get up so early?（ 起床的 作已 生 了。 ）Who hasnt handed in his paper?（ 有卷子，可能 不公平 争。 ）She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years.(在 内的状 可延 )He has been a League member for three years. (是 的状 可持 )He joined the League three
15、 years ago.( 三年前入 ， joined 短 行 。 )I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?-Hes already been sent for.句子中如有 去 的 副 （如yesterday, last, week, in 1960） ，不能使用 在完成 ，要用 去 。.（ ） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（ ） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、
16、1. A. 用 already 或 yet1)Have they taken down the old pictures _ _? No, they havent_ _.2)Most of us have finished our compositions _.3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _ _. B.用 since 或 for1) We have learned five lessons _ _ _ the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _ _ _las
17、t week.3)I have stayed at my aunt_ s_two weeks.C. 用 have gone或 have been1)Where are the boy students? They _ to the school factory.2)Is your father in? No, he _ to Shenzhen. _he ever _ there before ?Yes, he _ there several times3)He asked me if I_ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go th
18、ere for a visit as I _ never _ _ to that city before.2. 填空1.Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had made have triedB. madehave triedC. has made triedD. madetried2 “He _to draw horses already”. “When ? ” “ Last year “A. learnedhas B. learned did C. has learnedhasD. has lear
19、ned did3.Tom _up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there !A. has got is B. has climbed was C. got was D. climbed is4._ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Did copydid B. Have copied haveC. Have copied didD. Did copy had5.“Why _ she _ angry ? ” “Because he _ at her just now .”.A. didge
20、t shoutedB. has got shoutedC. didget has shoutedD. has got has shouted6. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ?A. Have seendid seeB. Didseedid watchC. Have seenhaveseenD. Didseehaveseen7.You _ me waiting for two hours. I _ for you since five.A. keptwaitedB. have keptwaitedC. kepthave waitedD. h
21、ave kepthave waited8.Where _ John _ ? To the library. He _ there for an hour.A. hasbeenhas gone B. has gonehas beenC. did go wentD. did be went9._ the baby still _ ? No, it _ crying.A. Has cried has stoppedB. Iscrying stoppedC. Didcry stoppedD. Iscrying has stopped10. I _ the way. I _ here for quite
22、 many years.A. knew have livedB. knew liveC. know have livedD. know live11. _ you ever _ America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone to B. Have gone inC. Have been toD. Have been in12. My brother _college for over three years.A. has gone toB. has been toC. has been in D. has been at13.He _ the Army by the en
23、d of 1989. He _ in the army since then.A. joined isB. has joined has beenC. had joined is D. had joined has been14. By the time I _ back they _ up ten satellites.A. camehave sentB. camehad sentC. comehave sentD. had come sent15. Jack _ over five lessons by seven oclock. Then he _ a rest.A. went took
24、B. went had takenC. had gone tookD. had gone had taken16. We _ out by that time that he _ a spy for a long time.A. had found had been B. had found was C. found had been D. found was.17.Before the news _ him, he _ to know about it.A. reacheshas gotB. reached had gotC. reached got D. had reachedgot18.
25、I _ him a second letter before I _ from him.A. wroteheard B. wrotehad heardC. had writtenheardD. have writtenhear19.People _ that the soldiers _ fighting.A. say had stopped B. said has stopped C. say stoppedD. saidhad stopped20.We _ in a good harvest because we _ enough rain.A. didnt get had hadB. g
26、ot had hadC. had gothad hadD. got hadnt had21.They _ for five hours when they _ in New York.A. flewarrivedB. had flownhad arrivedC. flewhad arrivedD. had flownarrived22.She _ that it _ for two days by that day.A. says has rainedB. says had rainedC. saidhad rainedD. said rained23.John _ there since t
27、he year before, so he _ them.A. had worked knewB. had worked had knownC. worked knewD. worked had known24.He _ angry because he _ for a long time.A. had got had waited B. got waitedC. had gotwaitedD. got had waited25.-I have seen the film“Titanic” already.-When _ you _ it？-The day before yesterday.A
28、. have； seenB. will ； seeC. did； seeD. did ； seen26.Mr Black _ in China since five years ago.A. livedB. has livedC. livesD. is going to live27.We _ trees last Sunday. So far we _ over，3000 trees there.A. planted； plantedB. planted； have plantedC. have planted； plantedD. have planted； have planted.练习答案：1.A. 1) yet, yet2) already3) yetB. 1) since2) since3) sinceC. 1) have been2) has gone, Has, been, has been3) have been, have been2. BDACAADBDCCDDBCABCDBDCADCBB.