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1、.园艺专业英语翻译（中英）Lesson1part A1、 protected (structure) horticulture is defined as a cultivation method taking use of heat keeping ,chillingprevention or cooling and rainproof facilities to prevent the crops production from being influencedor seriously done by natural seasons and to artificially create a
2、 microclimate environment suitable forgrowing horticultural crops in cold or hot weather hat actually unfavorable to the cropdevelopment .it is also termed as out-of-season culture ,season-off culture or forcing culture .becauseof the season in which horticultural crops are planted is hand for their
3、 growing in open field.2、 Windbreak、 cold frame 、hot-frame、 plastic-clad tunnel and greenhouse could provide a variety ofvegetable seeding for open field or protected culture or protect seeding of cold tolerant vegetable living through the winter ,for early planting and acquirement of early mature p
4、roducts.3、 In respect of structure type, the largest horticultural structure area in our country consists of plastictunnels and lean to houses, especially the energy-sawing solar greenhouse, which has become the dominant greenhouse type in the country. Presently the development of large greenhouse o
5、r multi-span house has been initiated.Lesson2part A4、 In horticultural crop cultivation under structure the key point of environment management for growersis to create optimal complex of environmental conditions for crop growth and development, as possibly as they can, according to properties and en
6、vironmental demand of crop.Lesson3part ALesson4part A1、 most soil amendments are consisted of the increasing of organic matters ,addition of specific nutritionalelements and ph adjustment2、 the soil is an important constitute of the land loamy soil must consist of soul particles with properratio ,wi
7、th equilibrium of nutrients ,in which contains some organic matter ,and with considerable moistureLesson5part ALesson6part A1、 sink demand of horticultural crops extremely affects photosynthetic ,for example ,leaf photosynthesisnoticeably decrease when potato tubers are removed during their growth s
8、hort-term response may be stomato close effect ,but this cannot explain common continuous effects ,sometime when the source-sink ratio increases significantly ,some old leaves can renew their photosynthesisfunctions ,on the other hand ,rapidly growing sinks sometimes compete with leaves for mobiliza
9、ble nitrogen and this results in abscission of leaves and lower photosynthesis capacity.2、 It is not clear yet that how the sink demand affect photosynthesis of leaves .the simplest explanation isthat photosynthesis accumulated in leaves restrain photosynthesis . however trials for examining this hy
10、pothesis usually obtained the opposite results .furthermore ,in practice ,photosynthates seemly not.accumulate beside chloroplasts in mesophyll cells .thus ,more research work should be done on source-sink relationship to improve yields of horticultural cropsLesson7part A1、 the development of hortic
11、ultural crops product organs consist of maturity、full ripeness and senescencestages .maturity includes physiological ripeness and horticultural ripeness the former meansthat in the last growth stage ,mature organs become full ripening and the later means the best growth stage of horticultural crops
12、for harvest ,such as leaf vegetables ,when they are reaped ,they are not physiological ripe ,and flower crops are harvested when thy flower.Full ripeness is the develop stage after fruit mature some fruits can get full ripeness in trees ,while some must ripen after separated from trees .after full r
13、ipen the flesh mealiness aroma strength proper acidity and sugar ,senescence is a stopping terminating process of living activity. In this stage, product organs quality of horticultural crops become bad and completely leaves their economical value in the endLesson8part A1、 hormone produced by seed i
14、nfluence fruit setting ,fruit growth and the balance of hormones in plant2、 Stone fruits can no t set their fruits when their embryos develop abnormally. pome fruits can set withoutseeds ,but flesh cells grow slowly3、 Gibberellins was produced after pollination with seed development gibberellins pro
15、motes synthesis ofauxin , therefore ,promotes fruit setting .the fruit set and fruit growth is similar between the ovule not pollinated treated by gibberellins and those which has seed4、 Gibberellins produced by apple seeds apparently restrain flower differentiation and result in alternatefruiting .
16、alternate fruiting is not normal in pear and many stone fruits .it is because the early occurrence of gibberellins synthesis peak which is not concurrent with flower differentiation initiation.Lesson13part A1、 pruning of fruit trees is a practice involves the heading back cuts and the thinning cuts
17、of branches forgood framework ,for regulating contradiction between growth and fruiting ,for maintaining the equilibrium between vegetative growth and propagative growth and for good sunlight exposure, to fruit early to achieve high yield and to get commodity with high quality2、 the pruning methods
18、are best determined by the characteristics of fruit species and cultivars ,the climatethe soil condition and the crop developing stages and growth status .in order to get the best result ,it is useful to combine pruning with other cultural practices like fertilization ,irrigation, etc3、 Reinvigorati
19、on of trees is better performed annually, which can keep fruit from stimulating excessivesprouts .remove dead branches, sprouts and some crossing shoots. Secondly, large branches should be thinned out gradually to open tree chamber and to improve distribution of sunlight in order to simulate fruitin
20、g.Lesson15part A.1、 temperature is an critical element in biological ,chemical and physiological processes of all plant species2、 Temperature regulates the rate of chemical reactions ,leading to the adjustment of plant growth rate.3、 As a important contributing factor to climate .temperature play an
21、 important role in adaptability andgrowth ,date of plant thus the horticultural crop types which can be cultured in a specific area rely on temperature4、 Most plants can live and grow in the range of 0 to 50 .however low-temperature sensitivity limit thesuccessful cultivated regions of plantsLesson16part A1、 sprinkler irrigation is often used in maintaining and flower beds which has the specialty the uniformwater amount in its coverage .however, water waste occur when sprinkler is not limited in the area need irrigation .in addition ,evaporation result in some water loss too.