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1、第十一讲 Adverbial Clauses 状语从句,一、教学重点： 1. 英语状语从句的翻译 2. 汉语状语结构的翻译 二、教学内容： 1. 英语状语从句的翻译 2. 汉语类似结构的翻译,副词性从句,英语的副词性从句（状语从句）分为九种类型： 时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，目的状语从句，结果状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，比较状语从句，方式状语从句。,英语的状语从句译成汉语时，其在汉语译文中的位置可以灵活处理，既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有时还可以插在句子中间，它的位置没有定势，主要是看能不能使译文读起来比较流畅。,. Adverbial Clauses in Eng
2、lish-Chinese Translation 英语状语从句的翻译,1、Adverbial Clause of Time 1) Translating into Corresponding Chinese Adverbial Clauses While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她说话时，泪水直流。 He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it. 他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。 2) Translating into Chinese Compound S
3、entences of Parallel Structure She sang as she prepared the experiment。 她一边唱着歌，一边准备实验。,. Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英语状语从句的翻译,3) Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Condition Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生散障，就把电门关上。 A body at res
4、t will not move till a force is exerted on it. 若无外力的作用，静止的物体则不会移动。,. Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英语状语从句的翻译,2、Adverbial Clause of Place Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑问的地方做个记号. The materials are excellent for use where the value of the workpieces is not hi
5、gh. 如果零件价值不高，使用这些材料是最好不过的了。,. Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英语状语从句的翻译,3、Adverbial Clause of Cause 1) Translating into Corresponding Chinese Clause of Cause The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为气候干燥，作物歉收。 2) Translating into Chinese Principal Clauses Because he was convin
6、ced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。 Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft. 纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。,4、Adverbial Clause of Condition 1) Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clause of Condition, or Clauses of Supposition If something has the ability to
7、adjust itself to the environment, we say it has intelligence. 如果某物具有适应环境的能力，我们就说它具有智力。 Should there be an urgent situation, press the red button to switch off the electricity. 万一有紧急情况，请按红色按钮以切断电源。 2) Translating into Chinese Supplement Clauses You can drive tonight if you are ready. 你今晚就可以出车，如果你愿意的话
8、。,. Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英语状语从句的翻译,5、Adverbial Clause of Concession 1) Translating into Corresponding Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Concession While this is true of some，it is not true of all. 虽然有一部分是真的，但不见得全部都如此。 2) Translating into Chinese “Unconditional” Clauses Such as
9、 “不管”、 “不论”, etc. He got the same result whichever way he did the experiment. 不论用什么方法做实验，他所得到的结果都相同。,. Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英语状语从句的翻译,6、Adverbial Clauses of Purpose We should start early so that we might get there before noon. 为了正午以前赶到那里，我们应当早点动身。(我们应当早点动身，以便能在正午之前赶到那里。)
10、Steel parts are usually covered with grease for fear that they should rust. 钢制零件通常涂上润滑脂，以防生锈。(为了防锈，钢制零件通常需涂上润滑脂。),3. 某些特殊状语从句的译法,一是由that引导的某些状语从句： A bad book is the worse that it cannot repent. 一本坏书因为无法消除其影响，所以更加有害。（注：“the形容词或副词比较级that clause”引导状语从句，表示原因。）,The veins are different from the arteries i
11、n that the former bring blood back to the heart. 静脉与动脉的区别在于前者将血液导回心脏。 It is not that I am unwilling to go with you, but that Im busy now. 不是因为我不愿意跟你一起去，而是因为我现在很忙。 Ships were built, and kept thoroughly efficient, so much so that the country remained safe for very many years. 兵舰造出来了，而且发挥了充分的作用，这个国家从此得
12、以多年太平无事。,The act was the bolder that he stood utterly alone. （因为）这完全是他一个人干的，所以这一行为更堪称大胆。 我能理解他的观点，因为我自己也有过类似的处境。(in that) I could understand his point of view, in that Id been in a similar position.,不是因为我不喜欢这个工作，而是因为我现在很忙。(not that) Not that I dislike the work, but I have no time for it. 他非常无知，甚至连自己
13、的名字都不认识。(so much so that) He is ignorant so much so that he cannot read his own name.,二是由before引起的状语从句： 连词before词义单一，只表示“在之前”，但是由于汉英表达习惯的不同，译成汉语时多种多样。 It seemed a long time before my turn came. 似乎过了好大一会儿才轮到了我。 Study hard before it is too late. 趁早努力学习。,We had barely sat down before we heard bicycles
14、outside. 我们刚坐下就听到外面有自行车的声音。 We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain. 我们刚离开学校就下雨了。 The boy fell down from the ladder before he knew it. 那个男孩不知怎么就从梯子上摔了下来。 They had not been married a month before they quarreled. 结婚未满月，夫妻已反目。,3翻译状语从句时有较大的灵活性。有些状语从句，在不违背原文意思的前提下，也可以译成其他成分乃至独立的句子。 She wi
15、ll never accept any dictates, no matter where they come from. 她决不会接受无论来自哪一方面的任何霸道行径。 （状语从句被译成了定语）,A writer needs to be a Walt Whitman if his faults of technique are to be rated unimportant beside the vigor of his personality. 一个作家必须有沃尔特惠特曼那样的天才，才能以其磅礴的气魄，使人感到他在技巧方面的缺陷是无关紧要的。,. Adverbial Clauses in C
16、hinese Complex Sentences 汉语复句中的状语分句,1、Discerning Subordination 她不老实, 我不能信任她。 Since she is not honest，I cannot trust her. 人不犯我，我不犯人。 We wont attack others unless we are attacked. 打肿脸充胖子，吃亏是自己。 If you get beyond your depth, youll suffer. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 As you sow, so will you reap. 不到黄河心不死。 Until all is o
17、ver, ambition never dies.,. Translation of Similar Structure in Chinese 汉语类似结构的翻译,2、Using Inanimate Subjects 一看到那棵太树，我就会想起童年的情景。 The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood. 凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧 My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness. 小梅心地善良，性情温和，对她朋友这种没有心肝的
18、行为实在看不顺眼。 Xiaomeis kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her friends callous behavior.,Practice: When Zhou Enlai s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful. 活到老, 学到老。 One is never too old to
19、learn. 不人虎穴，焉得虎子。 How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tigers lair? 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 While there is life, there is hope. (So long as the green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of fire wood.) 以其人之道，还治其人之身。 Deal with a man as he. deals with you. (Pay sb. back in his own coin.),Pra
20、ctice: I hope this concession of ours will set the ball rolling. Sometimes, walking the street at night, Ive been so desperate that Ive made up my mind to win the horse or lose the saddle. Why are you rushing around like a chicken with its head cut off? He gets up very early and sits up very late an
21、d is burning the candle at both ends. Id love to go out to lunch, but you know Im living on a shoestring. The competing interest groups confront each other with a show of passion and drama, sometimes over inconsequential matters or over a mere linguistic difference. During the war, he was an embryo
22、surgeon, and joined the mobile medial team. Application of laser in medicine is still in its infancy. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. His success in this field has pushed his forerunners point into the background.,A nice enough young fellow, you understand, nothing upstairs. There are th
23、ree steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology. The murder was foul and unnatural and for a long time even Gryce, veteran solver of police mysteries, was confounded by the simplicity of the crime. The gap between industrialized and developing countries, or be
24、tween rich and poor continents is going to widen. Underdevelopment is still winning the battle. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. The country was shockingly beautiful, and just as shockingly difficult to capture from the enemy. He had left a note of welcome for me, as sunny as
25、his face. The man was as strong as a horse, and his temper was as fierce as he was strong.,我希望我方这一让步能打开局面。 有时候，我晚上行走在大街上，感到自己已到了山穷水尽的地步，只好横下心去冒险了。 你这样急急忙忙没头没脑去干什么? 他起早睡晚，精力迅速消耗。 我倒挺想出去吃午饭，不过，你知道，我手头钱不富裕。 利害冲突集团有时为了一些枝节问题或仅仅为了一个字眼而争论得面红耳赤，剑拔管张。 大战争期间，他还是一个初出茅庐的外科医生，参加了巡回医疗队。 激光用于医学领域尚处于发展的初期。 我不是那种让感情统治理智的人。 他在这一领域的成功使其前辈们的论点豁然失色。,你瞧，小伙子年轻漂亮，脑子里却空空如也。 我们要完全掌握集成电路工艺，必须经过三个阶段。 这一谋杀残酷、蹊跷、于净利落，连警察局的办案老手葛莱斯也思付了好久，感到无从着手。 工业化国家和发展中国家之间的差距，即富国与穷国之间的差距越来越大。发展中国家还是发展不起来。 这位使得全世界人们发出阵阵笑声的人自己却饱受心酸。 这个国家异常美丽，但要把它从敌人手中夺回来也异常困难。 他留下一封短信，对我表示欢迎;那信写得热情洋溢，文如其人。 此人休壮如牛，还有一股与之相称的坏脾气。(他体壮如牛，脾气也同样得惊人。),