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1、非谓语动词动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。一、不定式：It is hard for me to do the work.作主语He wants to speak at the meeting. 作宾语I have a lot of work to do . 作定语He asked me to finish it in time. 作宾补My job is to help the patient.作表语He is too young to go to school.作结果状语We were surprised t o find him there . 作原因状语He spoke l
2、oudly to make herself heard.作目的状语He went to his home, only to find he was out.出乎意料的结果特点1）不定式短语做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it 作形式主语， （例 1）2）不定式作宾语，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾补之后，而用it 作形式宾语，请看下句：I find it interesting to study English.3) 不定式作宾补， 在 feel, hear, listen to, look to, notice, observe, see, watch, have , let,
3、make等词后的补足语，不定式不带to, 但这些句子变成被动结构就必须带to.二、动名词：动名词形式由 “动词 +ing”构成，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语，表语，宾语和定语。请看例句：1）Collecting information ( 收集信息） is very important to businessmen. 作主语2) It is no use arguing with him.( 与他争论）作主语3）She finished reading the book ( 看完这本书） yesterday. 作宾语4) He has a reading room. ( 书
4、房）作定语特点：1.在 it is no use/good, no any use/good, useless 等后须用动名词作主语，泛指抽象动作.2 在 finish,mind, enjoy, pactise, avoid, imagine, consider, feel like, keep, prevent, risk,suggest等词后，一定用动词的 ing 形式。3. 在 forget, go on, like , mean, regret, remember, stop, try 等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，请看下列句型：1）我记得读过这本书.I rememb
5、er reading the book. ( 指过去的动作）I must remember to read the book. (指将来的动作）2）我要设法提高我的英语口语。I ll try to improve my spoken English.敲门没人答应， 试着敲后门。 Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.3) 不要讲话。 Stop talking.他停下来讲话。He stopped to talk.4) 我没打算伤害你。I didn t mean to hurt you.错过这班车意味
6、着再等一个小时。Missing the train means waiting for another hour.4. 动名词和不定式结构在意义上区别：动名词形式表示一般习惯， 抽象概念， 或已成过去的动作， 不定式表示的往往是具体的或特定的动作，也可表示现在或将来的动作。第 1页共 6页Playing with fireis dangerous.（泛指玩火）To play with firewill be dangerous. ( 指一具体动作）It s no use crying over spilt milk.指抽象动作He realized that to go on like thi
7、swas no use. 具体动作He has forgotten seeing me before. 指已成过去的动作I must remember to remind John that the garden needs watering 指将来的动作三、分词：现在分词 和 过去分词1分词的时态和语态。现在分词：1）有一般式和完成时，一般式即主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。2）完成时（ having+过去分词）表示的动作在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。When he was a student, he was interested in books.Beinga student
8、, he was interested in books.After he had done his homework, he went to bed.Having donehis homework, he went to bed.3) 当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态，如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用动词完成时的被动形式。The question which is being discussed is important.The question being discussed is important.As he had been criticized by the
9、teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.过去分词：过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作， 本身有被动的含义， 所以只有一般式，没有完成式。2. 分词的用法：1. 作定语：站在窗旁的那个男人是我们的老师。The man standing at the window is our teacher.被污染的空气河水对人体有害。Polluted air and water are harmful to people s health.请注意： 如果现在
10、分词作定语时， 表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动词有先后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而用定语从句。The teacher criticized the studentwho had broken the window .2. 作状语 :1)While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time.While reading the book , he nodded from time to time.2) Since I am a student, I must study hard.Being a s
11、tudent, I must study hard.As we were not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again.Not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again.3) If time permits, I will finish another lesson. Time permitting , I will finish another lesson.If he is allowed, he would e
12、at all the food in the house.If allowed, he would eat all the food in the house.4)The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing .（说说笑笑）第 2页共 6页He entered the room,followed by his girlfriend (后面跟着女朋友） 3. 作宾补 :We saw the teacher making the experiment . （做实验）I ve never heard the song sun
13、g in English. ( 用英语唱）4. 作表语：The news is inspiring （令人鼓舞）He is surprised. (他很吃惊 )特点：1.分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致.2. 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while或 when 引导。3. 有时 “with(without)+ 名词（或代词宾格） +分词的结构表示伴随状况的独立主格结构。 eg. 1)With his homework finished ahead of time, he began to play computer.2) He fell asleep with the lam
14、p burning.4. 分词短语作状语时，若句子主语不是它的逻辑主语（即两边主语不一致）通常在它前面加上它的主语，构成独立主格结构。All my money stolen, I had to walk without buying anything.Time permitting , （时间允许的话）I will finish another lesson主语宾语表语定语状语宾语补足语动名词分词不定式EXERCISES：不定式作宾补1.They would not allow him_A_ across theenemy line.A. to risk goingB.risking to g
15、oC. for risk to goD.risk goingask,tell,invite,force,get,beg,allow,help,wish want,like,hate,prefer,expect,encourage,advise, persuade,instruct,permit,request,order,warn.cause,urge 等等动词后可接不定式作宾补。 2.Though he had often made his little sister_A_, today he was made_by his little sister.A.cry,to cryB.cryin
16、g,cryingC.cry,cryD.to cry,cry使役动词make,let 只接不带to 的不定式作宾补。Let me do it for you.3.As you ve never been there before,I ll have someone_B_you the way.第 3页共 6页A.to showB.showC.showingD.showedI had my TV set repaired yesterday.Don t have him waiting in the rain for so long.4.-Good morning.Can I help you?-
17、I d like to have this package_D_,madam.A.be weighedB.to be weighedC.to weighD.weighed5.It s very cold. Let s make a fire_B_ ourselves.A.warm B.to warmC.warmingD.warmed6.I have a suggestion_C_at the meeting.A.put forwardB.putting forwardC.to put forwardD.to be put forwardhave(有),make( “做 ”等非使役意义 )时接带
18、 to 的不定式作定语或目的状语7.In Australia, he made a lot of friends_B_a very practical knowledge of the Englishlanguage.A.getB.to getC.gettingD.got8.I m going to Shanghai next week.Have you anything_D_ to your parents?A.to buyB.to be boughtC.to takeD.to be taken9.The missing boy was last seen_A_nearthe river.A
19、.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play10.The boy who was caught_B_in the examination will be punished by the teacher.A.CheatB.cheating.C.to cheatD.cheated11.The stranger you saw_B_with a big travelling bag stayed in Room 104 yesterday.Ato come in B.come in C.has come in D.who came in 1)感官动词，2）“致使 ”动
20、词 have,get,keep,leave12.When he was a boy, he used to go there and watched_C_.A.bicycles repairedB.bicycles to be repairedC.bicycles being repairedD.to repair bicycles13.Who did the teacher have_C_an article for the wall newspaper just now?A.writtenB.writingC.writeD.to write注意这一结构的活用。I saw the bike
21、being repaired.I saw the bike repaired.We often heard the song being sung.不定式作状语14.In order to improve English,_.A.Jenny s father bought her a lot of tapesB.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herselfC. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny.D.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny s father不定式作状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主
22、语。1 I ll write down his telephone number in order to call him when necessary.2In order not to be late, we took a taxi instead of a bus.3She lived to be over 100.4She was not old enough to understand all that.第 4页共 6页5We are proud to be young people of China.15.We should prevent pollution_B_happily.A
23、.from livingB.to liveC.livingD.to living16.I m examining the composition he has just finished_A_the possible mistakes in it.A.to correctB.correctC.correctedD.correcting17.The day we look forward to_C_at last.A.comeB.comingC.cameD.to come 名 18.I don t mind _C_by bus,but I hate _in queues.A.traveling;
24、standB.to travel;to standC.traveling;to standD.traveling;to standing19.-When did you go to Shanghai?-I remember _B_there when I was a child.A.having takenB.having been takenC.to be takenD.taken20.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_C_.A.catchingB.to be caughtC.being caughtD.to catch21._C_to s
25、unlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A.ExposeB.Having exposed C.Being exposedD.After being exposed22.I can hardly imagine Peter_C_across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.A.sailB.to sailC.sailingD.to have sailed 名 的复合 构： 名 的 主 + 名 Mary s complaining annoyed him.I don t mind him coming.23.
26、What worried the boy was_B_to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed.C.his being not allowedD.having not been allowed分 24. The first textbooks_A_for teaching English as a foreign language, were producedin the 16th century.A.writtenB.to be writtenC.being writtenD.h
27、aving written25.This is one of the problems_D_at the meeting at present.A.discussedB.discussingC.to be discussedD.being discussed26.The problem_C_tomorrow has something to do with our daily life.A.discussed B.being discussed C.to be discussed D.been discussed 27.The child _C_by his father left home
28、yesterday.A.having been punishedB.to be punishedC.punishedD.who has been punished 在分 的完成（被 ）式一般只用作状 ，不用作定 28.The captain was the last one_A_the sinking ship.A. to leaveB. leavingC. leftD.to have left.当 the first/the secondthe last(one) 作名 中心 ，其后的定 上用不定式，不用分 。29.If you go to Xi an,you ll find the pal
29、aces there more magnificent than commonly_B_.A.supposingB.supposedC.to supposeD.suppose连词 than,as,once,if ,unless,though,even if 等之后，可以加一个 去分 作状 ，30.When_B_up,he felt himself _to the tree.第 5页共 6页A.he woke,tieB.waking,tiedC.he wakes,tiedD.waking,tying31._A_to make a speech,he said he would be glad to.A.When askedB.When askingC.When he was askingD.when to ask第 6页共 6页