1、大学英语四级写作强化四级写作内容篇四级写作内容篇l 题材现实性题材现实性 四级写作的题材具有显著的现实性，四级写作的题材具有显著的现实性，基本可以分为两大类：基本可以分为两大类：1.贴近大学生的学习工作及课余生贴近大学生的学习工作及课余生活的校园题材活的校园题材 2.论及当前社会的现象、发展变化论及当前社会的现象、发展变化及进步的热点话题。及进步的热点话题。1.Recreational Activities(2008.6)2.What Electives to Choose(2007.12)3.Welcome to Our Club(2007.6)4.Volunteers Needed(200
2、6.6)5.Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist?(2005.12)6.Teachers Day(2005.6)7.A Campaign Speech(2005.1)8.A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction(2004.6)9.A Letter in Reply to a Friend(2004.1)校园题材l l关于此类题材的近五年的真题作文列举如下：关于此类题材的近五年的真题作文列举如下：1.Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags(20
3、08.12)2.Spring Festival Gala on CCTV(2006.12)3.How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent?（2010)社会热点话题l健康健康:1身体健康身体健康-health:physical:-keep fit;wellbeing(emotional/physical/psychological)l2008.12/2008.06/2007.12/98.06/93.01/91/90l2人的心理健康人的心理健康：psychologically,mentally:independent,cooperative
4、competitive,considerate,confident,creative,sociable,selfish,isolated,conservative-2009.12(绿色校园不仅指绿色环境）/2007.12/2007.06参加社团缓解压力l教育与娱乐教育与娱乐：recreation,relax,entertainment;cultivate,foster,enlighten,give inspiration to,motivate,expand ones horizon,促进学生身心发展：promote the students physical,intellectual an
5、d emotional development(well-rounded/versatile)mould ones character;team spiritl2009.06(博物馆免费开放的目的）-2008.06（娱乐使人们受益）/2007.12(学生选课不同原因)/2007.06(参加社团的好处)/2006.12(看春晚)l方便方便VS效率：效率：l2008.12一次性塑料袋广泛使用/2002.06计算机普及程度/2002.01食堂服务/1994.01现代化交通工具发达./1991.01-自行车在中国这样普及l2006.06学生自由选择教师方便学生,提高办学的效率l节省和浪费节省和浪费：s
6、ave time/money/space;economical,thrift;waste time/money/space;costlyl2009.06博物馆作为教育资源/2008.12塑料袋使用/2004.01报考专业理由(人才浪费)2002.01-对食堂批评;l2000.01 上大学费用(taking a part-time jobease/alleviate family financial burdenl1996.01双休日可能给大学生带来的问题l1998.01假冒伪劣商品对个人(浪费金钱)l环境环境：environment,pollute,poisonous,dirty,contam
7、ination,detrimental to,sustainable development;l2009.12/2009.06公共设施环境维护（图片）/2008.12preserve environment/2007.06社团主要内容环保组织”heal the world”l2005.12校园是否对游客开放/1990.06-城市绿化l安全和危险安全和危险：safe,danger,risk2009.06(公共场所存在安全隐患)/2008.06/98.01假冒伪劣产品安全隐患/97.06大学生了解社会的必要性(社会的险恶,陷阱trap)/96.01双休日带来的问题travel;l经验经验：work
8、ing experience,social experience,enter the society;practical experience;associate theory with practice（interpersonal skills)l2007.12开设选修课目的/2007.06社团的好处:expand ones horizon;enlarge our knowledge;/2005.01具备胜任学生会主席的条件/2001.01-取得面试成功的因素/l97.06大学生了解社会的必要性l个人权利与自由:2007.12学生选课不同的原因l/2006.06允许学生选择老师(学生权利st
9、udent centered)/l2004.01 报考专业理由用词是否恰当，准确，形象，关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词lGoodadvisable/sensible/informative/useful/instructive;lGoodbeneficial,advantageous,helpful;excellent,outstanding;lBadundesirable/mindless/worthless;Badharmful,baneful,detrimentallLots ofa host of,a vast number of(可数名词），a great deal of,a vas
10、t amount of(不可数名词）-substantial;considerable;heaps of lImportantcrucial,vital,significant,key;indispensable/integral;ldesire/eager to替换wantlpour attention into 替换pay attention tolbear in mind that 替换rememberl促进/提高/增强/改善 give a boost to/enhance/motivate/better/promote角色与功能lPlay an important(active,maj
11、or,central,crucial,essential,integral,prominent,vital)rolelPlay a big part-lTake a leading part-允许与阻止lMakepossible电脑的使用促使人们在家上班:The use of computers and other high-tech office equipment has made it possible for more people to work at home.Enable,encourage,entitlel谈中国的老年人如何受到社会的尊重适用于个人/社会类话题lIn China
12、respect for senior citizens is shown in the fact that they are entitled to many public services free of charge.Stop,keep,prevent,prohibitl太多的学业压力对学生的负面影响lToo much academic pressure deprives young students of the opportunity to take part in any extracurricular activities and prevent them from enjoyi
13、ng their school years.(hinder-obstructhedge)lIncreasing(ly),growing 替换more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式,所以当修饰名词时用)lincreasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.lsth has gained growing popularity.lSth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.l非常地exceedingly/extremely/greatly/remarkably/significa
14、ntly/utterly)l在当代lIn contemporary society,in present-day society,in this day and age;l在我看来lfor my part,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinionl破坏lDestroy;impair;undermine;jeopardize;devastate;l支持观点lbe for/convince/insist/voice a support for/vote for(win)l反对观点l argue against/combat/disagree with/dis
15、regard/opposel解决解决:Solve,deal with,cope with,handle,resolve,address,tackle(economic crisis,deteriorated environment,shortages of water,unemployment,traffic jams.)_;l培养培养：Develop,cultivate,foster,culture(educationcultivate the spirit of independencel认为：maintain,assert,hold,argue,be convinced,be firml
16、y convinced,l消除：eliminate,clear,remove,clear up,lalleviateease;减轻,缓解(就业压力,新能源缓解资源紧张;经济增长方式转变缓解发展压力-A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.)lworsendeteriorate;aggravate(环境恶化)l人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed thatl适应的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate(使适应)oneself to new e
17、nvironment/change;l接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems影响与冲击影响与冲击lInfluence/impact/effect/affect lDamaging/devastating/destructive/disastrouslProfound/significant When asked about the function of media,many people agree to the first view.此外，表示“多”的词还有：vast,quite a few,an army of,an
18、ocean of,a sea of,a great number of Cheating in exam happens in our daily life.Dishonesty occurred more and more in our society.the overwhelming majority of has become a common occurrence Obviously,the picture shows that a culture of one nation may become international,which is beneficial to all the
19、 human beings.show:indicate,reveal,suggest,proveAs the number shows,nearly 200 billion dollars are lost in tobacco every year.number:figure,statistics 用词的生动性用词的生动性lislbe动词是静态的，没有活力的，there be 也是如此。make make sb.do sth-英语的词化程度较高，存在大量词语，一个单词的存在使得很多词语不再被需要eg.dismay 使震惊，convince 使信服。l避免避免be形式表达，尽可能选择表示强有力
20、的行为动词行为动词，写出生动生动，简洁简洁，有力，耐读和连贯的文章。lThere is a beautiful park near my house.The name of the park is Tian-Tan Park,which was built several hundred years ago.It is the biggest park in Beijing.The Tian-Tan park is famous not only for its beauty but its quietness as well.lNear my house stands Tian-Tan,th
21、e biggest park in Beijing,built several hundred years ago and famous now for not only its beauty but also its quietness.lEcological imbalances is the biggest threat to the survival of wild animals and plants.lEcological imbalances threaten the survival of wild animals and plants,even human beings.lT
22、he Internet makes me learn English more conveniently.lThe Internet facilitated my English study.lHis criminal record made him unable to be admitted to the university.lHis criminal record disqualified him from being admitted to the university.避免一味用 There is 开头。There are more and more people who reali
23、ze the relation between examination and teaching methods.The relation between the examination and teaching methods is increasingly recognized.避免一味用People,I,We 开头 We will always remember the smile on her face.The smile on her face will be firmly rooted in our minds.We certainly should offer good serv
24、ice.Good service is certainly required.It-句型的广泛使用lIt must be pointed out that.必须指出It must be admitted that.必须承认It is imagined that.人们认为It can not be denied that.不可否认It will be seen from this that.由此可知It should be realized that.必须认识到It is(always)stressed that.人们(总是)强调It may be said without fear of ex
25、aggeration that.可以毫不夸张地说变换句式优化文章变换句式优化文章Lecture 1 Lecture 1 长句和短句变换长句和短句变换长句和短句变换长句和短句变换Lecture 2 Lecture 2 主动句和被动句变换主动句和被动句变换主动句和被动句变换主动句和被动句变换Lecture 3 Lecture 3 非谓语从句变换非谓语从句变换非谓语从句变换非谓语从句变换Lecture 4 Lecture 4 比较句变换比较句变换比较句变换比较句变换Lecture 5 Lecture 5 松散到紧凑变换松散到紧凑变换松散到紧凑变换松散到紧凑变换变换句式优化文章变换句式优化文章短句变长
26、句短句变长句受汉语思维习惯影响，很多考生往往会直接将脑子里的意思译成英语，而忽略句与句之间的联系，导致写出来的句子无法体现英语作为“形合语言”的特点。因此，在平时写作时，考生要注意前后句子之间是否存在联系，善于发现各个简单句之间的关联，用恰当的连接词将简单句连接起来，组成准确地道的复杂长句，增加文章的气势。【例1】【原文】Lies do harm to those who are being told lies.Lies also do harm to those who tell them.【优化】Lies not only do harm to those who are being to
27、ld lies,but also do harm to those who tell them.【例2】【例3】【原文】Usually,a fact is defined as a truth.The truth can be tested by observation or experimentation.【优化】Usually,a fact is defined as a truth,something that can be tested by observation or experimentation.【原文】Teenagers are pressured by school wor
28、k.They are also encouraged by their peers.Under such circumstances,they resort to smoking.But sometimes they feel a little guilty.【优化】Pressured by school work and encouraged by their peers,teenagers often resort to smoking,though they feel a little guilty sometimes.【例4】【原文】When I turned right on the
29、 corner,a motorbike knocked into a small car.The motorbike was red.There were two persons on the motorbike.The car was yellow.The motorbike fell down.The two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured.The driver came out of the car at once,and asked about the two persons injuries.As soon as I sa
30、w that,I made a telephone call to 110.The traffic police arrived in a short time.【优化】When I turned right on the corner,a red motorbike with two persons knocked into a small yellow car.Immediately,the motorbike fell down,and the two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured.At that time,the car
31、driver came out of the car,and asked about the two persons injuries.Seeing this,I dialed the 110.In a short time,the traffic police arrived.2.长句变短句长句变短句长句固然能表达出复杂而缜密的思想，但如果片面追求复杂句子，反而会显得华而不实，成为表达的累赘。写作中句子的长短应根据表达的需要而定。短句不仅指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精炼，简洁是写作的一个重要原则，用词累赘则是写作的大忌。【例例例例1 1】【原文】His father,who is a s
32、alesman,became a millionaire overnight.【优化】His father,a salesman,became a millionaire overnight.【例例例例2 2】【原文】Perhaps they basically distrusted our capacity to judge correctly.【优化】They distrusted our judgment.一、将下面的长句和短句进行优化改写，使其更符合表达要求。一、将下面的长句和短句进行优化改写，使其更符合表达要求。【原句】【优化】The captain,a tall,thin man
33、with a big mustache,was pacing the bridge with a look of importance.The grading system at our college should be abolished,because neither the students nor the instructors like it.1.The captain was a tall,thin man with a big mustache.He was pacing the bridge with a look of importance.2.The grading sy
34、stem at our college should be abolished.The students dont like getting grades.The instructors dont enjoy giving grades.【原文原文】【优化优化】Those who dont like having roommates argue that several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way.4.Natural resources
35、 are very limited.They will be exhausted in the near future.It is not true.But it becomes a major concern around the world.This is a widely accepted fact.3.Some students dont like having roommates.They think every person has his or her own way.And several people living together causes some unpleasan
36、tness.It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future,though it is unlikely to be true.主动句和被动句变换主动句和被动句变换主动句和被动句变换主动句和被动句变换 与汉语相比，英语更注重动作本身，而不是动作的执行者，因此在英语中被动语态的使用相对多一些，但这并不表明要一味地追求被动语态的使用。1.主动变被动主动变被动1）不需
37、要体现动作的执行者【原文原文原文原文】We should pay more attention to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country.【优化优化优化优化】More attention should be paid to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country.2）需要强调动作的承受者）需要强调动作的承受者【原文原文原文原文】The employees elected Mr.Li chairman of t
38、he committee last week.【优化优化优化优化】Mr.Li was elected chairman of the committee by the employees last week.3）保持陈述对象的一致，以求行文通顺）保持陈述对象的一致，以求行文通顺【原文原文原文原文】When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport,hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately.【优化优化优化优化】When the Prime Minister arrived at the airpor
39、t,he was immediately surrounded by hundreds of reporters.2.被动变主动被动变主动1）需要体现动作的执行者）需要体现动作的执行者【原文】If you are friendly to others,you will be held hospitable attitude towards by them and vice versa.【优化】If you are friendly to others,they will hold hospitable attitude towards you and vice versa.2）保持陈述对象的一
40、致，以求行文通顺）保持陈述对象的一致，以求行文通顺【原文】One very important quality developed by many individuals during a first job is self-reliance.This quality was cultivated by me when I was allowed by my supervisor to set up and conduct my own survey project.【优化】During their first job,many individuals develop their very i
41、mportant quality of self-reliance.I cultivated this quality when my supervisor allowed me to set up and conduct my own survey project.专项训练专项训练一、要求一、要求：请将下面句子中语态使用不当的地方进行优化改写，使其更符合表达需要。【原文】【优化】1.We know that smoking is harmful to peoples health.2.We should advise people to protect their own interests
42、 and not to be led astray by false advertisements.3.Nowadays,public places and advertisements of any kind forbid smoking.2.People should be advised to protect their own interests and not to be led astray by false advertisements.3.Nowadays,smoking is forbidden in public places and advertisements of a
43、ny kind.1.It is almost known that smoking is harmful to peoples health.4.Computers may help scientists in analyzing data and doing complex calculation,while engineers make use of some computers in designing a plane,or a spaceship.5.Those in favor of university marriage argue that we should give coll
44、ege students the right to get married since they are adults.4.Computers may help scientist in analyzing data and doing complex calculation,while some computers are made use of by engineers in designing a plane,or a spaceship.5.Those in favor of university marriage argue that college students should
45、be given the right to get married since they are adults.非谓语和从句变换非谓语和从句变换非谓语和从句变换非谓语和从句变换非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。【例例例例1 1】【原文】When I look into the future,I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be President of the Student Union.【优化】Looking into the future,I will try my
46、 best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be President of the Student Union.【例例例例2 2】【原文】In 1836,there arose the working-class movement which is known as Chartism(人民宪章运动),which was the first proletarian revolutionary movement（无产阶级革命运动）.【优化】in 1836,there arose the working-class moveme
47、nt known as Chartism,which was the first proletarian revolutionary movement.专项训练专项训练一、要求要求：请将下列句子中划线的从句部分改为非谓语动词形式。【原文】【优化】1.The law can punish those who produce or sell fake commodities.2.After he completed college in 1980,Tony became an English teacher in a normal college.3.It must be realized tha
48、t people should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books,it will be time-wasting and harmful.2.After completing college in 1980,Tony became an English teacher in a normal college.1.The law can punish those producing or selling fake commodities.
49、3.It must be realized that people should be cautious when deciding which books to read since reading bad books is time-wasting and harmful.比较句变换比较句变换比较句变换比较句变换1.表示相似性表示相似性1）just as,so（正如（正如,也一样）也一样）【例】Just as food is necessary to life,so are books to our spirit.2）share/have in common（在（在方面有共同点）方面有共同
50、点）【例】China and the U.S.A have some interests in common in foreign trade area.3)bear similarities/resemblances to（和（和具有相似之处）具有相似之处）【例】Lots of ancient Chinese constructions bear striking resemblances to that in other parts of the world,which discloses the similarity in human civilization.4)the same is
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