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1、翻译公式：一、以主料开头的翻译原则1.介绍菜肴的主料和配料主料(名称/形状)+ with + 配料如：白灵菇扣鸭掌 Mushrooms with Duck Feet2.介绍菜肴的主料和配汁主料 + with/in + 汤汁(Sauce)如：冰梅凉瓜 Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce二、以烹制方法开头的翻译原则1.介绍菜肴的做法和主料做法(动词过去式)+主料(名称/形状)如：火爆腰花 Sauted(炒) Pigs Kidney2.介绍菜肴的做法、主料和配料做法(动词过去式)+主料(名称/形状)+ 配料如：地瓜烧肉Stewed(炖,闷) Diced(切丁) Pork and S
2、weet Potatoes干豆角回锅肉Sauted Spicy Pork with Dried Beans3.介绍菜肴的做法、主料和汤汁做法(动词过去式)+主料(名称/形状)+ with/in +汤汁如：京酱肉丝Sauted Shredded(切丝的) Pork in Sweet Bean Sauce三、以形状或口感开头的翻译原则1.介绍菜肴形状或口感以及主配料形状/口感 + 主料如：脆皮鸡Crispy Chicken2.介绍菜肴形状或口感、做法及主配料做法(动词过去式)+ 形状/口感 + 主料 + 配料如：小炒黑山羊Sauted Sliced Lamb with Pepper and Par
3、sley欧芹,香菜四、以人名或地名命名的菜肴翻译原则1.介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料人名(地名)+主料如：麻婆豆腐 Mapo Tofu (Stir-Fried旺火炒 Tofu in Hot Sauce)广东点心 Cantonese Dim Sum2.介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、主配料及做法做法(动词过去式)+主辅料+人名/地名+Style如：北京炒肝Stewed Liver, Beijing Style北京炸酱面 Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style五、菜单英文译法中汉语拼音的使用原则1.具有中国特色的且也被外国人接受的传统食品，本着推广汉语
4、及中国文化的原则，使用汉语拼音。如：饺子Jiaozi2.具有中国特色的且被外国人接受的，但使用的是地方语言拼写或音译拼写的菜名，仍保留其拼写方式。如：豆腐Tofu宫保鸡丁Kung Pao Chicken馄饨Wonton烧麦Shaomai3.中文菜肴名称无法体现其做法及主配料的，使用汉语拼音，并在后标注英文注释。如：佛跳墙Fotiaoqiang-Steamed Abalone,bln(鲍鱼) with Sharks Fin(鱼翅) and Fish Maw(鱼肚) in Broth(肉汤)(Lured by its delicious aroma even the Buddha jumped o
5、ver the wall to eat this dish)锅贴Guotie (Pan-Fried Meat Dumplings)窝头Wotou(Steamed Black Rice or Corn Bun)蒸饺Steamed Jiaozi (Steamed Dumplings)油条Youtiao (Deep-Fried Doughd Sticks)汤圆Tangyuan (Glutinous粘的 Rice Balls)粽子Zongzi (Glutinous Rice Wrapped in Bamboo Leaves)驴打滚Ldagunr(Glutinous Rice Rolls with Sw
6、eet Bean Flour)六、菜单中的可数名词单复数使用原则菜单中的可数名词基本使用复数，但在整道菜中只有一件或太细碎无法数清的用单数。如：蔬菜面Noodles with Vegetables葱爆羊肉Sauted Lamb Slices with Scallion七、介词in和with在汤汁、配料中的用法1.如主料是浸在汤汁或配料中时，使用in连接。如：豉汁牛仔骨Steamed Beef Ribs in Black Bean Sauce2.如汤汁或蘸料和主料是分开的，或是后浇在主菜上的，则用with连接。如：海鲜乌冬汤面 Japanese Soup Noodles with Seafood
7、八、酒类的译法原则进口酒类的英文名称仍使用其原英文译法，国产酒类以其注册的英文为准，如酒类本身没有英文名称的，则使用其中文名称的汉语拼音。Bizarre(bz怪异的) English translations on menus:chicken without sexual lifehusband and wifes lung slice bean curd made by a pock-marked woman冷菜(Cold Dishes)八宝菠菜 Spinachspnt with Eight Delicacies白灵菇扣鸭掌 Mushrooms with Duck Feet白切鸡 Boile
8、d Chicken with Sauce拌八爪鱼 Spicy Cuttlefish拌豆腐丝 Shredded Tofu with Sauce拌双耳 Tossed Black and White Fungus拌爽口海苔 Sea Moss with Sauce拌香椿苗 Chinese Toon with Sauce冰梅凉瓜 Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce冰心苦瓜 Bitter Melon Salad冰镇芥兰 Chinese Broccoli with Wasabiwsbi(芥末)朝鲜辣白菜 Korean Cabbage in Chili Sauce朝鲜泡菜 Kimchi陈皮兔
9、肉 Rabbit Meat with Tangerine(tndrin橘子) Flavor川北凉粉 Clear Noodles in Chili Sauce刺身凉瓜 Bitter Melon with Wasabi脆虾白菜心 Chinese Cabbage with Fried Shrimps大拉皮 Tossed Mung(绿豆) Clear Noodles in Sauce蛋黄凉瓜 Bitter Melon with Egg Yolkjk蛋衣河鳗 Egg Rolls Stuffed with Eel德州扒鸡 Braised(炖) Chicken, Dezhou Style夫妻肺片 Pork
10、Lungs in Chili Sauce干拌牛舌 Ox Tongue in Chili Sauce干拌顺风 Pig Ear in Chili Sauce怪味牛腱 Spiced Beef Shank桂花糯米藕 Steamed Lotus Root Stuffed with Sweet Sticky Rice红心鸭卷 Sliced Duck Rolls with Egg Yolk红油牛筋 Beef Tendon in Chili Sauce黄花素鸡 Vegetarian Chicken with Day Lily(黄花菜,lily百合)琥珀核桃 Honeyed Walnuts琥珀花生 Honeye
11、d Peanuts姜汁皮蛋 Preserved Eggs in Ginger Sauce酱板鸭 Spicy Salted Duck酱鸭 Duck Seasoned(调味) with Soy Sauce酱鸭翅 Duck Wings Seasoned with Soy Sauce酱香猪蹄 Pig Feet Seasoned with Soy Sauce酱肘花 Sliced Pork in Soy Sauce酱牛肉 Beef Seasoned with Soy Sauce芥末木耳 Black Fungus(菌类) with Mustard(芥末) Sauce金豆芥兰 Chinese Broccoli
12、 with Soy Beans可乐芸豆 Kidney Beans in Coca-Cola老北京豆酱 Traditional Beijing Bean Paste老醋泡花生 Peanuts Pickled in Aged Vinegarvng老醋黑木耳 Black Fungus in Vinegar凉拌黄瓜 Cucumber in Sauce凉拌金针菇 Golden Mushrooms and Mixed Vegetables凉拌苦瓜 Bitter Melon in Sauce龙眼风味肠 Sausage Stuffed with Salty Egg卤牛腩 Marinated(卤) Beef B
13、risket(胸肉) in Spiced(添加了香料的) Sauce卤水豆腐 Marinated Tofu卤水鹅头 Marinated Goose Heads卤水鹅翼 Marinated Goose Wings卤水鹅掌 Marinated Goose Feet卤水鹅胗 Marinated Goose Gizzard (禽类的)砂囊,胃卤水鸡蛋 Marinated Eggs卤水牛腱 Marinated Beef Shank卤水牛舌 Marinated Ox Tongue卤水拼盘 Marinated Meat Combination卤水鸭膀 Marinated Duck Wings卤水鸭肉 Mar
14、inated Duck Meat卤水鸭舌 Marinated Duck Tongue卤鸭冷切 Spicy(香的) Marinated Duck卤猪舌 Marinated Pig Tongue麻辣肚丝 Shredded Pig Tripe in Chili Sauce麻辣牛筋 Spicy Beef Tendon美味牛筋 Beef Tendon米醋海蜇 Jellyfish in Vinegar蜜汁叉烧 Honey-Stewed(炖,焖) BBQ(barbecue) Pork明炉烧鸭 Roast Duck泡椒凤爪 Chicken Feet with Pickled Peppers泡椒鸭丝 Shred
15、ded Duck with Pickled Peppers皮蛋豆腐 Tofu with Preserved Eggs清蒸火腿鸡片 Steamed Sliced Chicken with Ham清香苦菊 Chrysanthemumkrsnmm with Sauce乳猪拼盘 Roast Suckling Pig酥海带 Crispy Seaweed烧椒皮蛋 Preserved Eggs with Chili素鸭 Vegetarian Duck珊瑚笋尖 Sweet and Sour Bamboo Shoots蒜汁鹅胗 Goose Gizzard in Garlic Sauce糖拌西红柿 Tomato
16、Slices with Sugar糖醋白菜墩 Sweet and Sour Chinese Cabbage糖蒜 Sweet Garlic跳水木耳 Black Fungus with Pickled Capsicum(辣椒)五味牛腱 Spicy Beef Shank五香大排 Spicy Pork Ribs五香牛肉 Spicy Roast Beef五香熏干 Spicy Smoked Dried Tofu五香熏鱼 Spicy Smoked Fish五香芸豆 Spicy Kidney Beans熏马哈鱼 Smoked Salmon小黄瓜蘸酱 Small Cucumber with Soybean Pa
17、ste小鱼花生 Fried Silver Fish with Peanuts香吃茶树菇 Spicy Tea Tree Mushrooms香椿豆腐 Tofu with Chinese Toon香椿鸭胗 Duck Gizzard with Chinese Toon香辣手撕茄子 Eggplant with Chili Oil香糟鸭卷 Duck Rolls Marinated in Rice Wine盐焗鸡 Baked Chicken in Salt盐水鹅肉 Goose Slices in Salted Spicy Sauce盐水虾肉 Poached Salted Shrimps Without Sh
18、ell盐水鸭肝 Duck Liver in Salted Spicy Sauce腌三文鱼 Marinated Salmon糟香鹅掌 Braised Goose Feet in Rice Wine Sauce醉鸡 Liquor-Soaked(浸) Chicken竹笋青豆 Bamboo Shoots and Green Beans炸花生米 Fried Peanuts热菜(Hot Dishes)白椒炒鸡胗 Sauted Chicken Gizzards with Pepper板栗焖子鸡 Braised Chicken with Chestnuts白灼时蔬 Scalded Seasonal Veget
19、able白灼西蓝花 Scalded Broccoli北京烤鸭 Beijing Roast Duck菠菜豆腐 Stewed Tofu with Spinach菜心炒肉片 Sauted Pork Slices with Shanghai Greens炒芥兰 Sauted Chinese Broccoli炒生菜 Sauted Lettuce炒时蔬 Sauted Seasonal Vegetable豉香尖椒炒豆干 Sauted Dried Tofu with Hot Peppers in Black Bean Sauce葱花炒鸡蛋 Scrambled Egg with Scallion葱油鸡 Chic
20、ken with Scallion in Hot Oil葱香荷兰豆 Sauted Snow Peas with Scallion翠豆玉米粒 Sauted Green Peas and Sweet Corn脆皮豆腐 Deep-Fried Tofu脆皮鸡 Crispy Chicken脆皮乳鸽 Crispy Pigeon脆皮鸳鸯鸭 Two-Coloured Crispy Duck with Minced Shrimps Stuffing蛋羹 Egg Custard剁椒土豆丝 Sauted Shredded Potato with Chopped Chili Pepper地三鲜 Sauted Pota
21、to, Green Peppe and Eggplant芙蓉鸡片 Sauted Chicken Slices in Egg-White干煸扁豆 Dry-Fried French Beans干煸苦瓜 Sauted Bitter Melon干煸四季豆 Dry-Fried French Beans with Minced Pork and Preserved Vegetables干锅茶树菇 Griddle Cooked Tea Tree Mushrooms干锅鸡 Griddle Cooked Chicken with Pepper宫保豆腐 Kung Pao Tofu宫保鸡丁 Kung Pao Chi
22、cken蚝油生菜 Sauted Lettuce in Oyster Sauce荷包蛋 Poached Egg虎皮尖椒 Pan-Seared Green Chili Pepper火腿炒蛋 Scrambled Egg with Ham家常豆腐 Fried Tofu, Home Style煎蛋 Fried Eggs酱爆鸭片 Sauted Sliced Duck in Soy Sauce酱鸡 Chicken Seasoned with Brown Sauce叫化鸡 Beggars Chicken(Baked Chicken)椒盐鸡 Chicken with Spicy Salt江南百花鸡Chicken
23、, South China Style椒盐茄子丁 Deep-Fried Diced Eggplant with Spicy Salt韭菜炒豆干 Sauted Leek with Dried Tofu咖喱鸡 Curry Chicken烤鸡 Roast Chicken客家盐焗鸡 Salt Baked Chicken, Hakka Style可乐凤中翼 Pan-Fried Chicken Wings in Coca-Cola Sauce口水鸡 Steamed Chicken with Chili Sauce卤蛋 Marinated Egg麻婆豆腐 Mapo Tofu(Stir-Fried Tofu
24、in Hot Sauce)面筋百叶 Fried Wheat Gluten Puff and Tofu Skin飘香手撕鸡 Poached Sliced Chicken啤酒鸡 Stewed Chicken in Beer炝黄瓜 Spicy Cucumbers清蒸全鸡 Steamed Whole Chicken清蒸全鸭 Steamed Whole Duck清蒸童子鸡 Steamed Spring Chicken三鲜豆腐 Sauted Tofu with Three Delicacies砂锅豆腐 Stewed Tofu in Pottery Pot烧二冬 Braised Mushroom and B
25、amboo Shoots上汤扒娃娃菜 Braised Baby Cabbage in Broth烧鸡肉串 Roast Chicken Kebabs四季豆 Sauted French Beans时蔬鸡片 Sauted Chicken Slices with Seasonal Vegetable素什锦 Mixed Vegetables西芹百合 Sauted Lily Bulbs and Celery咸鸭蛋 Salted Duck Egg糟蛋 Egg Preserved in Rice Wine煮鸡蛋 Boiled Egg回锅肉片 Sauted Sliced Pork with Pepper and
26、 Chili京酱肉丝 Sauted Shredded Pork in Sweet Bean Sauce雪菜炒肉丝 Sauted Shredded Pork with Potherb Mustard鱼香肉丝 Yu-Shiang Shredded Pork(Sauted with Spicy Garlic Sauce)蚂蚁上树 Sauted Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork红烧狮子头 Stewed Pork Ball in Brown Sauce蛋黄狮子头 Stewed Meat Ball with Egg Yolk四喜丸子 Four-Joy Meatballs(
27、Meat Balls Braised with Brown Sauce)酱烧排骨 Braised Spare Ribs in Brown Sauce椒盐肉排 Spare Ribs with Spicy Salt糖醋排骨 Sweet and Sour Spare Ribs无锡排骨 Fried Spare Ribs, Wuxi Style椒盐排骨 Crispy Spare Ribs with Spicy Salt东坡方肉 Braised Dongpo Pork冬菜扣肉 Braised Pork with Preserved Vegetables烤乳猪 Roasted Suckling Pig酱猪手
28、 Braised Pig Feet in Brown Sauce糖醋里脊 Fried Sweet and Sour Tenderloin(Lean Meat)东坡肘子 Braised Dongpo Pork Hock with Brown Sauce馋嘴蛙 Sauted Bullfrog in Chili Sauce泡椒牛蛙 Sauted Bullfrog with Pickled Peppers黑椒牛柳 Sauted Beef Filet with Black Pepper黑椒牛排 Pan-Fried Beef Steak with Black Pepper胡萝卜炖牛肉 Braised Be
29、ef with Carrots铁板牛肉 Sizzling Beef Steak孜然烤牛肉 Grilled Beef with Cuminkjumn小茴香烤羊腿 Roast Lamb Leg涮羊肉 Mongolian Hot Pot烤全羊 Roast Whole Lamb孜然羊肉 Fried Lamb with Cuminkjumn小茴香水煮鱼 Fish Filets(鱼片) in Hot Chili Oil清蒸大闸蟹 Steamed Dazha Crabs油焖大虾 Braised Prawns佛跳墙 Fotiaoqiang-Steamed Abalone,bln(鲍鱼) with Sharks
30、 Fin(鱼翅) and Fish Maw(鱼肚) in Broth(肉汤)(Lured by its delicious aroma even the Buddha jumped over the wall to eat this dish)佛跳墙原名福寿全。光绪二十五年(1899年)，福州官钱局一官员宴请福建布政使周莲，他为巴结周莲，令内眷亲自主厨，用绍兴酒坛装鸡、鸭、羊肉、猪肚、鸽蛋及海产品等10多种原、辅料，煨制而成，取名福寿全。周莲尝后，赞不绝口。后来，衙厨郑春发学成烹制此菜方法后加以改进，到郑春发开设“聚春园”菜馆时，即以此菜轰动榕城。有一次，一批文人墨客来尝此菜，当福寿全上席启坛
31、时，荤香四溢，其中一秀才心醉神迷，触发诗兴，当即漫声吟道：“坛启荤香飘四邻，佛闻弃禅跳墙来”。从此即改名为佛跳墙。西红柿鸡蛋汤 Tomato and Egg Soup紫菜蛋花汤 Seaweed and Egg Soup八宝饭 Eight Delicacies Rice咖喱鸡饭 Rice with Curry Chicken黑椒牛柳饭 Rice with Beef and Black Pepper红烧牛肉饭 Stewed Beef Rice鸡蛋炒饭 Fried Rice with Egg式卤肉饭 Rice with Stewed Pork, Taiwan Style虾仁炒饭 Fried Rice
32、 with Shrimps炒面 Sauted Noodles with Vegetables担担面 Noodles, Sichuan Style拉面 Hand-Pulled Noodles凉面 Cold Noodles with Sesamesesm Sauce叉烧包 Steamed BBQ Pork Bun皮蛋瘦肉粥 Minced Pork Congeekndi with Preserved Egg汤圆 Tangyuan(Glutinousglutns粘的 Rice Balls)元宵 Yuanxiao(Glutinous Rice Balls for Lantern Festival)元宵、
33、汤团是两回事。可以说是北方、南方之不同渊源所致。北京做的元宵，是以馅为基础制作的。我见过机器做元宵的操作过程。先是拌馅料，和匀后摊成大圆薄片，晾凉后再切成比乒乓球小的立方块。然后把馅块放入像大筛子似的机器里，倒上江米(南方叫糯米)粉，机器就“筛”起来了。随着馅料在互相撞击中变成球状，江米也沾到馅料表面形成了元宵。做成的元宵江米粉层很薄、表面是干的，下锅煮时江米粉才吸收水份变糊。南方的汤团(北京人按四川习惯叫做汤圆)做法完全不同，倒有点儿像包饺子。先把糯米粉加水和成团(跟做饺子时和面一样)，放置几小时让它“醒”透。然后把做馅的各种原料拌匀放在大碗里备用(不须像做元宵那样切成小块)。汤团馅含水量比元宵多，这是两者的区别之一。包汤团的过程也像饺子，但不用擀面杖。湿糯米粉粘性极强，只好用手揪一小团湿面，挤压成圆片形状。用筷子(或薄竹片状的工具)挑一团馅放在糯米片上，再用双手边转边收口做成汤团。做得好的汤团表面光滑发亮，有的还留一个尖儿，像桃形。汤团表皮已含有足够的水份，很粘，不易保存，最好现做现下了吃。现在有了速冻工艺，汤团才出现在商店里。 羊肉泡馍 Pita(圆面饼) Bread Soaked in Lamb Soup油条 Youtiao(Deep-Fried Doughd Sticks)