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1、不定冠词/定冠词,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用,1、不定冠词a / an的用法：,不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音音素开头的词前面; an用在元音音素开头的词的前面。 (1)表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)（就近原则） (2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：An elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。),(3).表
2、示“一个另一个”之意时用 one 而不用a 例：One mans meat is another mans poision人各有志。 另：在下列情况下，a,one可以互换： 例：in a/one word简而言之，a/one hundred percent百分之百，十足 (4).用在单数名词前，相当于某一个或某一位，抑或用在物质名词或抽象名词表“一阵”，“一份”等或表抽象名词具体化。 例：a. A Mr Li called you tonight，（某一位） b.Unfortunately , only the poor boy was caught in a heavy rain （表一阵）
3、 c.Through their efforts , their experiment was quite a great success.（抽象名词具体化） (5) a/an可表“每一”之意 例：I go there once a week to ensure that everything is ok.（每一周）,(6)两个名词共用一个冠词表同一人或同一物。 例：a scientist and artist a teacher and friend 注：此类形式做主语时谓语单复数问题。 Finally, they met a professor and waiter who quite f
4、riendly. A. is B. are C. was D. were 析：此处profssor与writer属同一人，who做为定语从句引导词代替 故用C. was (7) 放在形容词最高级前表“很”、“相当”、“非常” 例：The is a most interesting film (8) 放在序数词前表“又”、“再”之意。 例： Do you want a second coffee? 你想再来杯咖啡吗？,*不定冠词的位置,不定冠词常位于名词、量词或名词修饰语气前。 1位于下列形容词之后。如：such, many , what , half etc 例：Many a man is f
5、it for the job. 很多人适合这项工作。 I have never met such a man like him . 我从来就没有遇到像他这样的人。,2. 当名词前的形容词被副词as , so ,too ,how ,however ,enough修饰时，不定冠词放在形容词之后。 He was infected with so deadly a disease that doctors were in complete doubt. 他感染了致命的疾病以至于医生们束手无策。 He is such a clever boy that we all love him,3. 在as th
6、ough 引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为 adj 修饰的名词时，不定冠词在形容词后。 例：Brave a man as / though he is ,he trembles at the sight of tigers 他尽管勇敢，可见到老虎还是发抖。 4可数单数名词的形容词比较级有no much, far ,all the 等修饰时，不定冠词位于比较级的形容词之后，名词之前。 例：Mr Li, the tutor was no better a schoolar than many a nine form boy. 李先生这位家庭教师并不比九年级学生强。,固定短语中使用a / an,man
7、y a student很多学生， what a pity / a shame！真遗憾！ take a deep breath 深呼吸 all of a sudden 突出 in a sense在某种意义上。 as a rule 通常 make a living 谋生。 take an interest in 对有兴趣 keep an eye on 留意、照看 at a distance of 在这处 at a loss不知所措 as a matter of fact事实上,2、定冠词the的用法：,定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。 (1)表示特指的人或事物。如：The
8、man with a flower in his hand is Jack.(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克) (2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。) (3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。) (4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。),(5)用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be stron
9、g wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。) (6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近) (7)常用在乐器名称的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴) (8)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：I have never been
10、to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山) THE YANGZE RIVER the Yellow River,(9)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国) (10)用在姓氏复数之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山) (11)same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样) (12)几个用
11、定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。,3、零冠词的情况：,(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than y
12、ours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了) (3)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树) (4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示一类人或事物时不用,如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.人比猴子聪明,(5)三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃
13、午饭) (6)节、假日前一般不用。如：On Childrens Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物) (7)球类名词前不用。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.孩子们星期六下午踢足球,8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词。例如： I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。 9）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词，如by bus，by tr
14、ain。 10）有些个体名词不用冠词，如school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义。例如： go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 （并不是去看病，而是有其他目的） 11）不用冠词的序数词； a. 序数词前有物主代词时。 b. 序数词作副词。例如：He came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一。 c. 在固定词组中，如at（the）first, first of all, fr
15、om first to last等。,( ) 1._recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher than the number of English speaker by_ year 2090. A. A, the B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a ( ) 2.If you go by _train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _fast one.
16、 A. /, / B./, a C. the, a D./,/ ( ) 3. It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life. A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a ( ) 4.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _city ,I only remember it was _ Monday.。 the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a ( ) 5.If you grow up in _large family ,you
17、are more likely to develop _ability to get on well with _others . A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the,( ) 6.Mrs Taylor has _8-year-old daughter who has _gift for painting she has won two national prizes. a, a B. an ,the C. an ,a D. th ( )7. Afetr dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ri
18、de to _Capital Airport. A .the, a B. a the C. /, a D. /, the ( )8.On May 5,2005,at _World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao won the gold medal in mens with _score of 4:1. A. a ,a B. / the C. a ,/ D. the ,a ( )9.I knew _John Lennon ,but not _famous one. A. /,a B. a ,the C. /,the D.
19、 the, a ( )10. The book tells _life story of John Smith ,who left _school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. the, the B. a , the C. the./ D. a,/,( )11. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _hotel ; I can find you _bed in my flat. the ,a B. the,/ C. a ,the D. a,/ ( )12.
20、If you buy more than ten, they will knock20pence off_. A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices ( )13._on-going division between English speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _major concern of the country. The ,/ B. The ,a C. An ,the D. An,/ ( )14.When he left _college ,he got a job
21、as _reporter in a newspaper office . A. /, a B/, the C .a the D .the, the ( )15The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial Revolution. A. /,/ B. the,/ C. the , the D. a ,the,( )16.While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope Newton made _discov
22、ery which completely changed _ mans understanding of color. a ,/ B. a ,the C. /, the D. the ,a ( )17.It is _world of wonders, _world where anything can happen. A. a. the B. a, a C. the, a D. /,/ ( )18.The Wilsons live in _A-shaped house near the coast . It is _17th century cottage. the, / B. an, the
23、 C. /, the D. an ,a ( )19.Tom owns _larger collection of _books than any other student in our class. the ,/ B. a,/ C. a ,the D. /, the ( )20.For a long time they walked without saying _word. Jim was the first to break _silence. the, a B. a ,the C. a ,/ D. the,( )21. There was _time _I hated t go to
24、school. a ,that B. a ,when C. the ,that D. the ,when ( )22. When you finish reading the book ,you will have _better understanding of _life., A. a, the B. the .a C. /,the D.a,/ ( )23.I earn 10dollars _hours as _supermarket cashier on Saturday. a, an B. the ,a C. an ,a D . an ,the ( )24The sign reads
25、“in case of_fire ,break the glass and push _red button” A. /,a B. /,the C. the ,the D. a ,a ( )25.I dont like talking on _telephone ; I prefer writing _letters. a, the B. the./ C. the ,the D. A ,/,( )26. Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experience. A. /, the B. /, an
26、C. an. an D. the, the ( )27.One way to understand thousands of new words in gain _good knowledge of basic word formation. / B the C. a D. one ( )28. The cakes are delicious . Hed like to have _third one because _second one is rather too small. a, a B. the .the C. a ,the D. the ,a ( )29.A bullet hit
27、the solider and he was wounded in _leg. A. a B .one C. the D. his ( )30.The warmth of _sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _wool used. the, the B. the ,/ C. /, the D. /,/,A few few a little little,1. Are the new rules working? Yes. _ books are stolen. A. Few B. More C. Some D. None2. Would you like some wine? Yes, just _. A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit 3. If we had followed the plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and _ people. A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less,