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1、被动语态复习“三步曲”被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。因此,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构被动语态由助动词+及物动词的过去分词构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done(指及物动词的过去分词,下同)如:English is used all over the world.2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done如: The
2、 picture was painted two years ago.3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+done如: The flowers are being watered by them now. 4.现在完成时的被动语态:have(has)+been+done如:The room has been cleaned.5.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to+be+done如:The work will be finished tomorrow.6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如:Your homework must be ha
3、nded in today.其它几种特殊句型：It is said that . It is well known that . It is reported that.have sth done 第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。请看示范:主动语态:My brother repaired that bike ye
4、sterday. 主语 谓语动词宾语其余部分被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday. 主语 谓语动词 by+宾语其余部分对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现。只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的。第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型1.含有短语动词的被动语态一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,常见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look af
5、ter, take off, look at, send for, look up等。如:The old people should be taken good care of.2.含有双宾语的动词的被动语态含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。如:My father gave me a new book on my birthday.I was given a new bo
6、ok (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)3.带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态带有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。同时,如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有make, let, see, hear, watch等。如:We find English very useful. English is
7、found very useful. 宾语宾补I often hear him sing in his room. He is often heard to sing in his room. 宾语 宾补4.有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这类动词有: wash, sell, smell, taste, sound, feel等。如:The books sell well. The food tastes good.以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现,同学们在碰到类似题目时,应首先分析属于哪种情况,然后再根据掌握的知识来做题。二、被动语态考点归纳1. 主动语态改为被动语态时，被动语态应和主动
8、语态的时态保持一致。如：We speak English . （改为被动语态） English _ _ by us. 分析此句主动语态为一般现在时态，被动语态也应用一般现在时态，因此，答案应是is spoken。2. 注意被动语态的谓语结构。一般现在时是：am / is / are + p.p ；一般过去时是：was / were + p.p ；现在完成时是：have / has / been + p.p；现在进行时是：am / is / are / + being + p.p；含有情态动词的是：情态动词be + p.p。有诗曰：被动语态须注意，谓语不离“be”“p.p”。主谓一致别忘记，“进
9、行”易丢一个“be”。（注：p.p过去分词）。如：We must take good care of our eyes. （改为被动语态） Our eyes must _ _ good care of. 分析此句中含有情态动词must，那么，我们根据“情态动词be+p.p.”的公式可知，答案应是be taken。3. 注意句中主谓语的一致关系。如：Tea _ （grow）in southeast of China and India. 分析此句中主语tea是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。而此句说明的又是一自然现象，因此就应用一般现在时态。所以，答案应是is grown。4. 注意复
10、合宾语的变化。如：They couldn”t make the cow go. （改为被动语态）分析the cow go 在句中作make的复合宾语。一般情况下，变为被动语态后，宾语补足语的结构形式、所处位置原封不动地保存下来，但make / have / let / see / watch / hear 等后原可省的to要还原回来。显然，此句中，the cow go 中省去的to应还原回来，因此答案应是The cow couldn”t be made to go. 5. 注意双宾语的变化。如：Mr Smith showed the students two pictures yesterda
11、y . （改为被动语态）Two pictures _ _ _ the students by Mr Smith. 分析变为被动语态时，双宾语中的任何一个皆可变为主语，一般变直接宾语，但间接宾语前必须加上介词to或for。此句中显然是把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，那么，间接宾语前须加上介词to，所以答案应是were shown to。6. 注意短语动词中的“小词”。如：The old men and the children _ in our country. A. must take good care B. must be taken good careC. must be taken good care of D. must take good care of 分析短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，应当做一个词来看待，变成被动语态后，“小词”不能丢弃。因此，此题答案应是C。