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1、24.01.2021,1,完形填空试题分析与解题技巧,四、 完形填空解题的基本技巧和思路,一、 高考试题说明,三、 高考完形填空试题分析,二、完形填空题型的设计特点和要素,六、 完形填空仿真训练,五、 完形填空相关词语辨别点拨,一、 高考试题说明,考试说明 第二部分：英语知识运用 第二节：共20 小题，每小题1分。在一篇200250词的短文中留出20 个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，是补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。 本部分所需时间约为25分钟(包括单项填空的时间)。,考试说明,二、 完形填空题型的设计特点和要素,完形填空是根据话题和上下文的关联，借助已知信息“重
2、现文意的过程”。考查考生对语篇意义理解的连贯性和使用词语的准确性。 “完形”须先“完意”，即在把握语篇的宏观结构、领会其主旨大意及各个段落大意的基础上，根据行文逻辑、句子结构和词语的含义，准确理解空白处的确切意义，以恢复语篇的完整。,空白出的词语要么是相关语句信息的结合点，要么是句式结构连接点，要么是语篇衔接的纽带。 这一点从答案的选项中可以看出。,完形填空题正确地把握了以整体思维代替局部思维的阅读习惯，使信息综合与整合在阅读过程中的要求更有说服力，更具导向性。完形填空，首先要完其意才能完其形。,三、 高考完形填空试题分析,完形填空选材设空情况与读速要求统计 试卷 文长 设空 阅读量 参考给时
3、 读速要求 最大间距 最小间距 平均距 97 273 25 354 18分 19.7wpm 27w 4w 9.46w 98 297 25 377 18 20.9 23 4 10.2 99 274 25 357 18 19.8 24 3 9.8 00 282 25 381 18 21.1 24 1 10.2 01 265 20 355 15 23.6 25 4 9.4 02 273 20 338 15 22.6 33 6 12.9,完形填空选项涉及词类分布统计,选项涉 及词类 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002,动词 形容词 副词 名词/代词 介词 连词 合计,13（52
4、%） 0 1 9 1 1 25 6 5 2 9 1 2 25 8 4 2.5 7.5 1 2 25 8 4 5 7 1 0 25 5 4 6.25 3.75 0 1 20 8 2 4 5 0 1 20,单纯的语言知识的考查已逐渐淡化 整体与连贯性的原则日渐突出 综合化语境化的因素越来越强,单句与语篇的统一 形势与内容的统一 语言知识与语言技能的统一,结 论,近年来，高考完形填空在朝着深层化及语境化方面挖掘，逐渐摒弃单纯的语法分析考查，这就增加了干扰项的迷惑性，因此只有借助上下文乃至全文的语境启示或限定，善于运用逻辑推理能力，才能准确作出判断。,完形填空的材料虽是一篇从完整语篇中挖去数个词，造成
5、间隔性的语意空白，来检测考生综合运用英语能力的短文，但其句子总是按照特定的逻辑关系，并借助一定的语法结构规则组合起来。词语之间、句子之间均体现整体性与连贯性的原则。在选题时要先通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构、情节等等，同时对空格要填的词可作试探性猜测。,二、 完形填空解题的基本技巧和思路, 根据信息提示进行判断, 通过理解句意进行判断, 通过理解词义进行判断, 通过词的对应进行判断, 根据句子结构或固定搭配进行判断, 根据信息提示进行判断,语境是信息的依托，信息的贯穿是题型的设计特点，把握信息是解题的关键。,例 1 We do not know exactly wh
6、en glass 1 ,but the time is set by historian between ten thousand and three thousand years B.C. For thousands of years the production of glass was 2 difficult that glass objects were 3 and were considered to have great 4 . 1. A once made B was once made C first made D was first made 2. A very B for
7、C quite D so 3. A rare B too many C so many D much 4. A age B use C value D history,DDAC,【例2】I want to give you just two pieces of advice, _ ，there is no reason why he should know about your decision; _ it would be better if you acted before he found out. 1. A. in the second place B. to conclude C.n
8、evertheless D.one (D) 2. A. to begin with B. for one thing C. two D. consequently (C),列举：叙述一系列相关事实、观点，常用数词或表示顺序的短语引出。,补充：对前一个观点作进一步的阐述，常有besides，also，further，whats more，too，not only but also 等词暗示。,【例3】This food is very good and it is probably something that people wouldnt get at home，_ it is not dif
9、ficult to cook and it is quick to prepare. A. but B. besides C. in this way D. however （B）,让步：表示后一种观点或事实与前一种事实或观点相比较有些出乎意料。这类暗示词有though，although，in spite of ，whoever，whatever等。,A. In spite of the fact that B. To begin with C. Therefore D. Whats more （A）,对比：两个事实或观点不同或相反，暗示词有but，oppositely，on the cont
10、rary等。 【例4】A. therefore B. because C. although D. oppositely （D）,结果：前边的事实能自然引出后边的结果，暗示词有so，thus，therefore，as a result等。 【例5】His legs were badly hurt，so he couldnt _others. A. think of B. hear from C. catch up with D. care about （C）,【例6】He know nothing about the matter because he _ the meeting. A. mi
11、ssed B. failed C. attended D. heard (A),原因：表示所述情况为另一事实发生的起因，暗示语有for，because，because of，as，since等。,【例7】He therefore loaded the ship with litres of vinegar _ cleaning the inside of the ship. A. As a result of B. for the purpose of C. in honour of D. in search of （B）,目的：表示后者为前边行为的目的，暗示语有so，so that，in o
12、rder that ，for（the purpose of）等。,【例8】_1_ the kettle of boiling water, she moved quietly _2_ the door Mrs Clerke raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand.(MET 92) 1 A. Putting down B. Laying aside C. Picking up D. Taking away (C) 2 A. towards B. away C. from behind D. near (A),描述：通过前后的描述，
13、可推测出另外一部分的意思,【例9】The chimpanzee（大猩猩）has been learning how to exchange _1_ with people. The scientists are teaching her _2_ language. When she wants to be picked _3_ , Washoe points up with one finger. She rubs her teeth with her finger when she wants to _4_ her teeth. (NMET 95) 1 A. actions B. views
14、 C. messages D. feelings 2 A. sign B. human C. spoken D. up 3. A. out B. at C. on D. up 4. A. examine B. use C. wash D. pull,The dog seemed to 1 his mushroom, and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushroom had a very strange 2 quite pleasant taste. (MET) (1) A. refuse B. hat
15、e C. want D. enjoy (2) A. besides B. but C. and D. or,1 of us are asked to make 2 decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal decisions. (NMET 96) (1)A. All B. Few C. Some D. None (2) A. quick B. wise C. great D. p
16、ersonal, 通过理解句意进行判断,行文中的句意是上下贯穿的，正确的把握上下句意之间的联系，才能明确文章的行文逻辑，理解上下句意的呼应，以便能准确的选好答案。,例例 Alpha is the first letter of the Greek Alphabet and omega is the last. The phrase “alpha and omega” is often used in the Bible and somewhere to mean 1 . A start and finish B beginning and start C. birth and death D
17、true and false, 通过理解词义进行判断,例 3 someone said,” If you would have your business done, go. If not, send.” In other words, if you want a job well done, do it 1 ; if not, 2 . 1. A immediately B today C yourself D economically 2. A.give it away B have it done C do it by others D be silent,要善于在具体的语言环境中把握词汇
18、的具体意义，通过理解词义进行判断才能准确的推断空格的答案。,CA,依据动词的时空性 一个头脑正常的人所发生的若干个动作在时间或空间方面是有顺序性的,【例4】 1 the kettle of boiling water, she moved towards the door, 2 the kettle and 3 the water over the hand. (MET 92) 1 A. Putting down B. Laying aside C. Picking up D. Taking away 2 A. dropped B. threw C. raised D. filled 3 A.
19、 spread B. dropped C. poured D. covered,CCC,Then she (指大猩猩) climbed onto the box, grasped the pole and _ down the food with the pole. (NMET 95) A. knocked B. picked C. took D. shook = In the streets people were moving quickly heading towards their _ (NMET 94) A. jobs B. homes C. buses D. offices, 通过
20、词的对应进行判断,行文中的有些句意是上下对应的，这往往也是题型设计的特点之一，因而把握好词义的对应，也是非常有利于解题的。,例 4 One ancient Greek thinker said that there was only one good, namely, knowledge; and only 1 , namely, 2 . 1. A better B best C advantage D evil 2. A ignorance B disbelief C laziness D death,DA, 根据句子结构或固定搭配进行判断,完形填空的题型设计除了考查考生对行文逻辑的把握以外
21、，句式结构题的设计也越来越复杂。,It was too high to 1 . After she considered the 2 , she got a tall box to stand 3 .The food was still too high to be reached. 1. A pull B see C eat D reach 2. A problem B position C food D ceiling 3. A by B on C up D with,DAB,例6 It was 7 oclock _Tom finished his work. A. that B. whe
22、n C. since D. while,B,【例1】 Just for _ of course. (MET 91) A. joke B. fun C. play D. museum. 【例2】 It wasnt long _the police caught the thief. (MET 92) A. before B. since C. until D. when 【例3】 Scientists want to see how civilized(驯化) she can_ (NMET 95) A. experience B. change C. develop D. become,词语放在
23、句中，就要符合词法、句法、结构习惯等要求。在文章中运用基本知识，实际对考生提出了较高的要求,完形填空的解题步骤,1、跳格阅读全文，初步掌握行文大意,注重文章的第一句话 它是了望整篇文章的窗口,2、按照文章的行文逻辑，对应选项，选项入格,3、复读全文验证答案,注重文章的第一句话,高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句（Topic Sentence），这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。 第一句话往往看出文章的体裁和题材。选文如是记叙文，它会告诉你故事发生的时间、地点、人物等背景情况。这些信息有助于你理解
24、好全篇大意。充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利。,对应选项，选项入格,完形填空的解题过程实际上是语篇逻辑关系逐渐明晰的过程，随着对具体语言情境的逐渐把握和选项的填入，文章意义也逐渐趋于明确。因此考生在遇到难以对付的空格时，要克服急躁心理，试从多角度分析，即从语法角度、词语角度、惯用法角度、文化背景角度、生活常识角度，上下文角度等来进行分析，最终是可以理出头绪来的。,复读全文验证答案,复读全文是自我修正的过程 只有复读才能验证答案 复读的过程必须在选项入空的前提下进行 只有验证才更加科学、高效 验证后你才能更有把握，才能修正疏忽、才能提高得分率,pic
25、k/choose/select/elect make/force/oblige/let set sb to do/set sb doing set off/set out grasp/grab/seize/snatch/catch people/human/figure/character fairly/rather/pretty/very strength/energy/power/force discover/invent/uncover/disclose,五完形填空相关词语辨别点拨,labor/work/task knowledge/learning/information knock/pat/tap/rap examination/test/quiz/check drill/exercise/practice/train dress/wear/put on/have on journey/travel/tour/trip/voyage lift/raise/rise/ shop/market/fair/stall,相关词语辨别点拨,Thanks !,