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1、成分及句型,一、句子 成分,（一）什么是？ 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主语，谓语，表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语。,句子成分详解表,主语 句子的主体表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事，全句述说的对象。常置于句首。 I like football. The boy needs a pen. We often speak English in class The rich should help the poor.,When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to ma
2、ster a foreign language.,谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样.主要由动词担任 The train leaves at 6 oclock. I want a ticket. He practices running every morning. He has caught a bad cold.,宾语 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。 He won the game. Tom lost his life in the big fire. He can spell the word.,My brother hasnt done his homework.
3、 People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.,有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前 He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信),表语 在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名
4、词、代词或形容词担任. My name is Mary He is a student Three times seven is twenty one The weather has turned cold The meeting is of great importance.,除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词 1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等 2) 表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go 3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, r
5、est,定语 修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任 The black bike is mine Guilin is a beautiful city China is a developing country; America is a developed country. His rapid progress in English made us surprised,He is reading an article about how to learn English,状语 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整句 修饰动词，通常位于动词后 He works hard 修饰形容词或副词时
6、，位于被修饰的词之前； I am very sorry,表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首 When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher 一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前 We often help him,宾语补足语 用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么 I consider the book too expensive. They painted their boat white. We found everything in the lab in
7、 good order,英语句型 简单句 并列句 复合句,简单句,主系表结构 主语+系动词+表语.主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。 You are students. We are in the classroom. We are good friends,系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;,3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come
8、, grow; Trees are green Our English teacher is thirty years old The potatoes went bad in the fields Her job is to look after the children in the nursery,主谓结构 主语+不及物的动词 You will graduate next year The car accident happened yesterday,主谓宾结构 主语+及物动词+宾语 I like my job very much. He grew some vegetables I
9、have a dream I like basketball,主谓双宾 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 He gave his sister the piano He gave the piano to his sister 常跟双宾语的动词 bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask, buy,主谓宾宾补 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 We saw them dancing You kept me waiting for a year,Last week I went to the su
10、permarket. Last week I went to the supermarket. 状 主 谓 状 The play was very interesting. The play was very interesting. 主 系状表 I cant hear a word. I cant hear a word. 主谓 宾 They were talking loudly. They were talking loudly. 主 谓 状,并列句,简单句+并列连词+简单句 相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系 You help him and he helps you,1、表示连接
11、两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。 e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.,2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.,3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, yet, wh
12、ile等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. He asked his father why he couldnt hatch chickens while hens could. Although the matter sounds strange, yet it is really true.,4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for等。 e.g. August is the time of
13、 the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. He shook his head, for he thought differently,Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process_ it requires attention as well as money and imagination. until B. but C. unless D. for,She is American, _ she knows little about
14、American history.A. so B. yet C. and D. therefore,复合句,主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句 含有一个或一个以上从句，含有两个或两个以上主谓结构 The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child,练习:简单句、并列句和复合句,判断下列句子是简单句,并列句还是复合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,知识回顾Knowledge Review,