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1、,根据此表,我们知道,语法填空的考点或考查内容是: (1)纯空格题:通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。 (2)用括号中所给词填空:通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。,(2)倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词(do, does, did),以及情态动词、强调结构中的it, that等都可能在纯空格题中进行考查,名词的数和所有格也可能在用括号中所给词填空中进行考查,同学们千万不可忽视。,(3)短文难度:没有超出课标的生词,但有课标单词的派生词。 (4)短文题材:或体现文化内涵,或给人心灵以启迪等。,(6)答案特点: 纯空格题:试题要求中已明文规定死
2、了“在空格处填入一个适当的词”,即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。 用括号中所给词填空:试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”,这个词的正确形式究竟由几个单词组成?两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。,解题方法,1. 通读全文,把握大意。 既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法,那么,我们在解题前,应快速浏览短文,把握全文大意,这一步非常重要。 2. 结合语境,试填空格。 读懂短文之后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境,从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性,再根据句子的结构和意义,以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说,可按设
3、题类型分为三类情况:,(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。 首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词。然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧:,技巧1:缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。如: 例1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second.,解析:and连接前后两个句子,and后面的句子缺主语,应填名词或代词;结合前一分句,不难推知,“马上可到达那里”的是the message,替代the me
4、ssage用代词it。,技巧2:名词前面,若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),很可能是填限定词。如: 例2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年广东高考),解析:名词rice crop前还没有限定词,应当填限定词;根据句意,这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快,故填形容词性物主代词his。,技巧3:句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,
5、一定是填介词。 例4 who should have the honour of receiving me _33_a guest in their house. (2007年广东高考),解析:因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语,前面一定是填介词,使其成为该介词的宾语;又由句意可知,他们“把我当作客人”来接待,表示“当作”,用介词as。,技巧4:若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词。 例5two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 34 Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of d
6、ollars.,解析:因与Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与Candido Portinari (坎迪多波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词,一定是填连词;两者是并列关系,应填and。,技巧5:若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词。,例8 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _37_he felt very happy (2008年广东高考),解析:因He was very tired是一个句子,he felt very happy也是一个句子,这两个句子之间没有连词,
7、也没有分号或句号,一定是填连词;根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系,可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系,故填but。,(1)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语,一般用不定式。如: 例22 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.,解析:因句中已有谓语will have to work,所以complete应为非谓语动词;因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填To complete。,对动词的考查,(2)作伴
8、随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词。如: 例24 He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008年东莞一模) 例25 The headmaster went into the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.,解析:句中已有谓语saw,所给动词与saw不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;又因He与say是主动关系,故填saying作伴随状语。,解析:句中已有谓语went,而follow又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语
9、动词;又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系,故用过去分词作伴随状语。,(3)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用ing形式,是被动关系用ed形式。如: 例26 There will be a meeting, _40_ (start) later this year to review the film. 例27 Lessons 39 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.,解析:因a meeting与start是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说
10、明a meeting,故填starting。,解析:因句中已有谓语can help,所以learn应为非谓语动词;又因lesson与learn是被动关系,要用过去分词短语作定语,故填learned。,词类转换题的解题技巧 根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有: 技巧10:作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。如: 例28 The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.,解析:因在系动词felt后作表语,用形容词,故填silent。,例29 In a _ (
11、danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to 例30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject,解析:在冠词与名词之间,要用形容词,作定语,故填dangerous。,解析:因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语,用形容词;表示“感兴趣”,填interested。,技巧11:作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式。如: 例31 Whe
12、n Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.,解析:在时间状语从句中,要求填的词作主语,Chinas ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语;作主语要用名词,又由are可知,主语是复数,故填achievements。,例32 These people have made great _39 (contribute) to Chi
13、na with their work. (2007年茂名二模) 例33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_ (inform) in the reading (2008年三校联考),解析:在句中作及物动词have made的宾语,要用名词形式;表示“作贡献”,其前面没有不定冠词时,习惯上用复数,故填contributions。,解析:因with是介词,在介词后作宾语,要用名词,故填information。,技巧12:在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词形式。如: 例34 the remains date
14、from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模) 例35 With the large numbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.,解析:在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词,故填similarities。,解析:在冠词后,要用名词,故填operation。,技巧13:修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。
15、如: 例36 As I looked 32 (close) at this girl, I fount that (2008年深圳一模) 例38Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time (2008年惠州三模),解析:修饰动词looked,作状语,用副词,故填closely。,解析:修饰because引导的原因状语从句,修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词,故填mainly。,技巧14:括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换,词类不一定要变,主要
16、是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un, im等,在词根后加less等。如: 例39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use). 例40 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.,解析:作表语要用形容词;又由句意可知,作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”,故填us
17、eless。,解析:在名词前作定语,仍用形容词形式;但根据句意可知,错误是引起不必要的麻烦事,故填unnecessary。,技巧15:括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词,而是考词类转换;若是形容词或副词,有可能是考查其比较等级。如: 例41there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist 34 _ (attract) (2008年广州一模) 例42The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末),解析:尽管attract是动词,但这是考查词类转换的;在句中作介词about的宾语,用名词,故填attraction。,解析:联系前句,又有even(更加)的提示,可知这里用比较级,故填harder。,重读全文,解决难题。 在解题过程中要先易后难,难题在大部分空格填好后,再经过仔细推敲,难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后,把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。,