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1、超临界二氧化碳萃取在食品工业中的应用（Application of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction in food industry）Application of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction in food industryApplication of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction in food industry - Application of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction in food i
2、ndustryApplication of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction in food industryAbstract: supercritical CO2 extraction technology as a high and new processing separation technology, in the field of food processing has broadApplication prospect. Many studies have shown that supercritical CO2 has high d
3、iffusion and small mass transfer resistance, so it is porousExtraction of compounds in loose solid matter and grease material is especially advantageous: supercritical CO2 for operating conditions (e.g. pressure),Particularly sensitive to changes in temperature etc. This provides operational flexibi
4、lity and adjustability: supercritical CO2 with solventSolubility and low temperature, non-toxic, solvent-free residue requirements, especially suitable for the food industry. Keywords: supercritical fluid extractionOverview of 1 supercritical CO21.1 definition of supercritical fluidAny substance has
5、 three phases - gas phase, liquid phase and solid phase. The point where the three equilibria coexist is called the triple point.The point at which the two phases of liquid and gas equilibrium are called a critical point. The temperature and pressure at the critical point are called the critical pre
6、ssures. Different thingsThe pressure and temperature required for the critical point are different.At present, supercritical fluid is a kind of carbon dioxide, because it is non-toxic, non burning, and is not suitable for most substancesShould be, cheap and so on, a little, the most commonly used. I
7、n the critical state, CO2 fluid has both dual characteristics of gas and liquidHigh diffusivity and low viscosity with gas, with density and material that are close to the liquid, and good solubility.Its density is sensitive to temperature and pressure changes, and is proportional to the solubility
8、in a certain pressure range, so it can be controlledTemperature and pressure change the solubility of a substance.1.2 the basic principle of supercritical fluid extractionThe extraction process of supercritical fluid extraction is based on the relationship between the solubility of supercritical flu
9、id and its density, that is, the utilization of pressureAnd the influence of temperature on the solubility of supercritical fluid. When the gas is in a supercritical state, it becomes a property betweenA single phase between liquid and gas, having a density similar to that of liquids, which is highe
10、r than gas but lower than liquid,The diffusion coefficient is 10100 times of the liquid; therefore, the material has better penetrability and stronger dissolving power, and the material can be absorbedCertain ingredients in the material are extracted.The solubility of supercritical CO2In supercritic
11、al state, the solubility of CO2 to different solutes varies greatly, which is related to the polarity, boiling point and molecule of soluteQuantities are closely related, in general, by the following laws: lipophilic and low boiling components can be extracted at low pressure (104pa), such as volati
12、lizationOil and esters; the more polar groups are, the more difficult it is to extract; the higher the molecular weight of a compound, the harder it is to extract.Therefore, CO2 is particularly suitable for extraction of active components from natural products.Application of 2 Supercritical CO2 in f
13、ood industry2.1 extraction of soybean powder phospholipidsSoybean lecithin is widely used in food additives, health care products, cosmetics and other products for its cheap price and various physiological functionsMedicine and other industries. At present, the production of soybean phospholipids ma
14、inly adopts organic solvent, in which acetone solvent is the main. AcetoneIts toxicity mainly acts as an anesthetic to the central nervous system. The organic liquid residue in edible vegetable oil is stipulated by the national standardShould not be higher than 50mg/kg, therefore, reduce the amount
15、of acetone residue in edible soy lecithin, and maintain the healthy experience of the human body. It has a heavy weight on the course paper of Jiangsu Food Science CollegeTwoMake sense.Supercritical CO2 was used to extract powder phospholipids, and soybean lecithin was used as the raw materialSolven
16、t, in the absence of any chemical reagents, to achieve high purity soybean powder phospholipid production process.Soybean lecithin is pumped into the extraction vessel through a phospholipid pump and uses supercritical CO2 liquid as a solvent,PressurizeThe pump advances the pressure to the process a
17、nd regulates the temperature to a suitable temperature to make it supercritical carbon dioxideThe fluid, fluid as solvent extraction from carbon dioxide into the bottom, full contact with lecithin, selective dissolution of theRequired chemical composition. High pressure carbon dioxide fluid containi
18、ng dissolved extracts (i.e., medium oil in concentrated phospholipids) is throttled and decompressedThe valve is lowered into the separation vessel (analytical kettle). In the extractor, carbon dioxide and particle contact, the particles in theThe oil containing substances are taken away and the deg
19、umming mixture after the oil is removed form a powdery substance, namely, the soybean powder phosphatide.In a separating kettle (an analytical kettle), the solute is automatically separated from the solute because of a sharp drop in the solubility of carbon dioxide(oil) and carbon dioxide gas two pa
20、rts. The former is a process product, which is periodically released from the bottom of the separating vessel, and the latter is cycle twoThe carbon dioxide gas is condensed into carbon dioxide through a heat exchanger, and liquid is recycled. The entire separation process is the use of carbon dioxi
21、deThe fluid has a particular solubility in the supercritical state of the organic matter, which is less soluble than that in the critical stateThe carbon dioxide fluid is continuously circulated between the extraction tanks, thereby effectively separating the required components from the raw materia
22、lIsolate.Main quality index of productsProject technical requirementColor and condition: light yellow powder, no peculiar smellMoisture and volatile matter less than 1.5%The ether insoluble is less than or equal to 0.5%Acetone insoluble matter is greater than or equal to 96%The acid value is less th
23、an or equal to 30.0mgKOH/gEmulsion stability is not stratifiedThe extraction technology of CO2 supercritical extraction was adopted to overcome the production of traditional powder phospholipids by acetone, ethanol and other solventsSolvent residues in the process. There is no residual organic solve
24、nt in the product. It ensures that the product conforms to organic food and green foodThe standard of the product and the application of low temperature extraction technology ensure that the phospholipid of the production is invariable, the color is light, and the quality of the product is much high
25、er than that of the passAll the powder phospholipids produced by this process provide a strong guarantee for the products to enter the international market.2.2 extraction of seabuckthorn seed oilSea buckthorn, also called hippophe acid thorn, is in one of the plant resources of a set of economic ben
26、efits, ecological benefits and medical health care functionSource. Seeds mainly contain fat oil, the main components of which are linoleic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, palm oil, stearic acid and phosphorusFat, and vitamin F, E, carotenoids and so on. Modern pharmacological studies suggest that
27、the main pharmacological actions of seabuckthorn seed oil are in addition to the heartBesides the good biological activity of liver and viscera, it also has the effects of anti ulcer, reducing blood fat and anti-tumorThe prospect of traditional seabuckthorn oil extraction is more than that of solven
28、t extraction. There are residual solvents and solvent is very easyExplosive substances, which require high production control, can not be put into use in densely populated or densely populated areas.Using CO2 at room temperature as gas, compressed into liquid, with non-polar organic solvent dissolut
29、ion characteristics, thus grindingThe Seabuckthorn raw material is extracted at high temperature, and then separated by decompression. The process equipment mainly consists of seed crusher,Storage tank, extraction tank, vacuum pump, condenser, compressor, solvent storage tank, evaporation irrigation
30、 tank, oil tank. Course paper of Jiangsu Food Science CollegeThreeSupercritical fluid extraction is used in the preparation of oils and fats. The obtained glycerin is three fat pure, and the content of phospholipids and pigments is low,It is easy to isolate and has no denaturation of meal protein. T
31、he international market is promising, while the domestic market is less sold due to production costs.3 conclusionIn order to apply supercritical CO2 extraction technology in food industry, basic research and application research must be strengthened,The application of supercritical CO2 extraction technology is extended to aqueous solution system, which is a key factor in the extraction of food from supercritical CO2A new method is provided for specific active water-soluble constituents. Although supercritical CO2 extraction technology in Chinas food industry started late,