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1、一.反意疑问句的定义反意疑问句（The Disjunctive Questions ）是疑问句的一种，它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，形式上是个省略句，附在陈述部分之后，并用逗号与陈述部分隔开（主语一般用相应的代词；有时这种问句并没有反意疑问句的意味，而是提出一个事实上听话人承认的问题。所以，人们统称为附加疑问句（Tag Questions ）。附加疑问句主要是由“陈述句 + 附加疑问”构成，附加疑问部分的动词一般要与陈述部分的动词相对应，附加疑问部分的主语要与陈述部分的主语相对应，如果陈述部分的主语是名词词组，则附加疑问部分用相应的代词表示。二.附加疑问句的类型附加疑问句的类型为：陈述句
2、+ 反意附加疑问。该类型又可以分为以下两种情况阐述： 当陈述句为肯定式时，附加疑问句用否定形式，即肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句。Its very hot today, isnt it ? Yes, it is . 今天天气很热，是不是？ 是的，很热。That clock is slow ,isnt it? Yes, it is. 这钟是缓慢的，不是吗？是的，它是。You want to get your TV set back , dont you ? Yes , I do. 你想您的电视机回来，不是吗？是的，我是这样想的。 当陈述句用否定式时，附加疑问句用肯定形式，即否定的陈述句+肯定的附
3、加疑问句。It isnt very hot today, is it ? 今天不是很热，是吗？That clock isnt slow ,is it ? 这钟不是缓慢的， 是吗？回答反意疑问句和回答一般疑问句一样,肯定回答用“Yes, + 肯定结构”;否定回答用“No, + 否定结构”。这与汉语习惯有所不同。例如:Hes a doctor, isnt he? 他是医生,对吧?Yes, he is. 对,他是医生。(No, he isnt. 不,他不是医生。)He isnt a doctor, is he? 他不是医生,对吧?Yes, he is. 不,他是医生。(No, he isnt. 对,
4、他不是医生。)三.附加疑问句的构成1. 当动词have作“有”讲时,可以有两种反意疑问句形式。例如:He hasnt any sisters, has he?He doesnt have any sisters, does he?have表示其它含义(如:经历、遭受、得到、吃)讲时,只有一种反意疑问句形式:You all had a good time, didnt you?He often has colds, doesnt he?They had milk and bread for breakfast, didnt they?2. 如果陈述句的谓语动词含有have to, had to时
5、,反意疑问句通常用其适当形式。例如:We have to get there at 8 a.m. tomorrow, dont we?they had to take the early train, didnt they?3. need和dare既可以作情态动词,又可以作实义动词,注意有两种反意疑问句形式。例如:You neednt hand in your paper today, need you?You dont need to hand in your paper today, do you?He dare ask the teacher, darent he?He doesnt d
6、are to ask the teacher, does he?4. 如果陈述句的谓语动词含有used to时,也可以有两种反意疑问句形式。例如:He used to live in London, usednt/ didnt he?5.当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone ,someone, no one, nobody, somebody 等指人的合成词时，附加疑问部分的主语在正式语体中通常用he,在非正式文体中则往往用they。Nobody likes to lose money , does he? 没有人愿意赔钱，那么他呢？Everyone enjoyed the
7、 party, didnt they /he ? 每个人都很喜欢这个舞会，他们不是吗？6.当陈述部分的主语是everything ,anything, something, nothing 等指物的合成词时，附加疑问部分的主语只能用 it。Nothing is difficult , is it ? 没什么难的事情，不是吗？Everything seems all right , doesnt it ? 所有的事情都好了，不是吗？7.当陈述部分是there 引起的句时，附加疑问部分的主语也用there。There is a boat on the river, isnt there? 河上有一
8、只船， 不是吗？There stands a house and a lot of trees , doesnt there? 那有一座房子还有一些树，不是吗？8.当陈述部分含有seldom , hardly, scarely, no, not,never, rarely,few, little, nothing, nobody , nowhere 等否定词或半否定词，附加疑问部分采用肯定形式。Nobody phoned while I was out ,did they ? 当我在外面的时候没有人来电话，是吗？Few people know him ,do they ? 几乎没有人认识他，是
9、吗？He has never been to Beijing ,has he? 他从来没有去过北京，是吗？9.当陈述部分含有un- ,in- ,im-, il-, ir-, dis-等否定前缀或less等否定后缀构成的派生词时，附加疑问则用否定形式。Its unfair, isnt it ? 那不公平，不是吗？She dislikes it , doesnt she? 她不喜欢它，不是吗？10.当陈述部分含有no one , nobody , none ,nothing ,neither等作动词的宾语时，附加疑问部分采用肯定形式。He has nothing to say ,does(nt)
10、he? 他没什么可说的，是吗？You got nothing from him, did(nt) you? 你从他那什么都没得到，是吗？8. 如果陈述句用“I am”时,反意疑问句通常要用“arent I?” 。例如:Im late, arent I?9. 如果陈述句是含有宾语从句的复合句式,反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要与主句保持一致。例如:He never said that he would come, did he? I told that not everyone could do it, didnt I?但是,如果陈述句是“I dont think (belie
11、ve, suppose, imagine等) 含有宾语从句的复合句式”,反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要和从句保持一致,并且要用肯定式。例如:I dont think the lady can complete the difficult job alone, can she?I dont believe he knows it, does he?10. 如果陈述句是含有“there be”结构时,反意疑问句要用there,省去主语代词。例如:there is something wrong with your computer, isnt there?there wont
12、be any trouble, will there?11. 如果陈述句的谓语是wish时,反意疑问句的谓语动词通常要用may。例如:I wish to visit your school, may I?12. 如果陈述句是并列句,反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要与第二个分句保持一致。例如:Tom isnt a good student, for it is the second time he has been late this week, isnt it?13. 陈述部分的主语是指示代词this 或that 时，反意疑问句的主语用it , 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词th
13、ese 或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they 。14. 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，我们最好分析一下must的含义。如果must作“一定；要；必须”讲，反意疑问句须用mustnt或neednt;而当must作推测意义“一定是；必定”讲时，反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选相应的形式。15.祈使句lets开头反意疑问句用shall we,若是let us开头，反意疑问句用will you.9当陈述部分为主从复合句时(比如主语+said( told, reported, asked) + that从句这样的句型)，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如： Sh
14、e says that I did it, doesnt she? I told them not everybody could do it反意疑问句是由两部分组成的，前一部分是对事物的陈述（即陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（即简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开。如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和时态要一致。其回答是用yes或no来表示。 一、含be(is, are, was, were)动词的反意疑问句 其句型是：句型1:主语+ be+其它，isnt(arent, wasnt, werent)+ 主语? 句型2:主语+ be
15、 not+其它，is(are, was, were) + 主语? You are from America, arent you? Yes, I am. No, Im not. It isnt very cold today, is it? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. Tom was away yesterday, wasnt he? Yes, he was. No, he wasnt. The Green werent at home last night, were they? Yes, they were. No, they werent. Mary is read
16、ing English now, isnt she? Yes, she is. No, she isnt. Your parents arent going to have a party this Sunday, are they? Yes, they are. No, they arent. The girls were singing when the teacher came in, werent they? Yes, they were. No, they werent. 注意：There be句型 There is an old picture on the wall, isnt
17、there? Yes, there is. No, there isnt. There arent any children in the room, are there? Yes, there are. No, there arent. There wasnt a telephone call for me, was there? Yes, there was. No, there wasnt. There were enough people to pick apples, werent there? Yes, there were. No there werent. 二、行为动词的一般现
18、在时的反意疑问句 其句型是：句型1: 主语+动词原形+其它，dont I(you, we, they)? 句型2: 主语+ dont+动词原形+其它，do I(you, we, they)? 句型3: 主语+动词第三人称单数+其它，doesnt he(she, it)? 句型4: 主语+ doesnt+动词原形+其它，does he(she, it)? You often watch TV in the evening, dont you? Yes, I do. No, I dont. The students dont study hard, do they? Yes, they do. N
19、o, they dont. Mary studies Chinese hard, doesnt she? Yes, she does. No, she doesnt. The boy doesnt often go to school by bike, does he? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. The first class begins at eight, doesnt it? Yes, it does. No, it doesnt. 三、 行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句 其句型是：句型1: 主语+动词过去式+其它，didnt+主语? 句型2: 主语+didnt+动词原形+其它，did +主语? You watched TV last night, didnt you? Yes, I did. No, I