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1、大学英语四级真题试卷及答案第套最新资料资料仅供参考6 月大学英语四级真题及答案(三)Part IWriting(30 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell some of the course books you used at college. Your advertisement may include a brief descript
2、ion of their content,their condition ,their price and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part IIListening Comprehension(25 minutes)说明：6 月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。PartReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In t
3、his section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the cor
4、responding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not o
5、nly your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During (26)_ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Musclein the body schemical messengers prevents the central nervous systemfromdirectingmuscle资料仅供参考movements（ 28)
6、_. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motorsystems not directly (29) _ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out,researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate (碳水化合物的）(30)_ either with amoderate dose of caffeine (咖啡因 )， which is k
7、nown to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo (安慰剂） without, during 3 hours of (31)_ . After exercising, the scientists tested thecyclists with eyetracking cameras to see how well their brains could still (32)_ their visualsystem. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rap
8、id eye movements by about 8%, (33)_ their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strongcups of coffee, was (34)_ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying (35)_eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you ho
9、me after that marathon.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。A) cautiouslyB) commitC) controlD) cyclingE) effectivelyF)increasedG) involvedH) limitedI) phenomenonJ) preventingK) sensitiveL) slowingM) solutionN) sufficientO) vigorousSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statemen
10、ts attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer S
11、heet 2.Team spiritA Teams have become the basic building blocks of organizations. Recruitment advertisementsroutinely call for “ team players ” . Business schools grade their students in part on their performanc in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams ar
12、e as old as civilization, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte,Capital Trends ” , based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies资
13、料仅供参考were either in the middle of restructuring or about toembark on (开始） it; and for the most part,restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.B Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular produc
14、ts, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on therise: a network of teams is replacing the conventionalhierarchy (等级体
15、制 ).C The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modem marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on agility (灵活性 ).John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leaderin el
16、ectronics products, says that“ we compete againsttransitionsmarket (过渡 )， not competitors.Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two.” Digitalalso makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities withoutresorting to hierarchy. The“millennials ” 千(禧一代 ) w
17、ho will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.D The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised i
18、ts medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and otherscollaborate closely instead of being separated byspeciality (专业 )and rank. The US Army has gonethe same way. In his book,“ Team of Teams General Stanley McChrystal describes how the armyhierarchical str
19、ucture hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solutionwas to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentralise authority to self-organisingteams.E A good rule of thumb isthat as soon as generalsand hospital administratorsjump on amanagement bandwagon, it
20、istime to ask questions. Leigh Thompson ofKelloggSchoolofManagement in Illinois warns that, Teams are not always the answer teams may provide inscreativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork mayalso lead to confusion, delayand poor decision-making.” The l
21、ateRichard Hackman of HarvardUniversity once argued,“ I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that itwill generate magic, producing something extraordinary. But don t count on it.”F Hackman (who died in) noted that teams are hampered by problems of co-ordination andmotiv
22、ation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers forced to work in teams may资料仅供参考be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Groupthink may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on whoexactly w
23、as on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team s membership, agreeing on its is harder still.G Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big fir
24、ms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America s National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviationdatabase occurred on a crew s first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvardpoints out, orga
25、nisations increasingly use “ team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams specific purposes and then quickly disband them.H The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism (感情用事 )： t
26、he most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action.They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more“ inclusiveof dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon s boss, says that“ If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, tis too big.”
27、They need to immunize teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best onescontaindeviants“” 离(经叛道者） who are willing to do something that maybe upsetting to others.I A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which alsodoes consulting, finds that the best wa
28、y to ensure employees are“to engagedgivethem” ismorecontrol over where and how they do their work which may mean liberating them from having to doeverything in collaboration with others.J However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the ha
29、bit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Teambuilding skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-fu
30、nctional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction employeesroutinely complain that they canget their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is
31、 best left to the individual.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。资料仅供参考36. Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.37. Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.38. In many companies, the conventional form of orga
32、nisation is giving way to a network of teams.39. Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.40. Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.41. According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.42. Some tea
33、m members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team s43. Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.44. To ensure employees commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.45. Product tr
34、ansitions take much less time now than in the past.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresp
35、onding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research hasshown.Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters su
36、ch as Aldi and Lidlrather than luxury alternatives.This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from 1.19 billion into 1.12 billion in ,according to a new report from market research companyMintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy,
37、 with sales expected to fall furtherto 1.11 billion in .In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in thenumber of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing theirtoilet roll spending fromto43 in 41 in .Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper inc