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1、新型储液储气式无土栽培系统（A new type of liquid storage and gas storage soilless cultivation system）A new type of liquid storage and gas storage soilless cultivation systemBu Chongxing, 1, 2, Zhang Yanling 2, Huang Danfeng 1, Li Shijun 3, Yao Yongkang 2(1. 、 Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2. 、 sun bridge laborat
2、ory, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 3.)Fund Project: Shanghai science and technology key project (Shanghai agricultural school word (2003) No. 9-2)The original was published in Journal of Huazhong Agricultural UniversityAbstract: a new s
3、oilless culture device for fruit and vegetable was developed. It has a barrel, assembled in a core network, the device is divided into matrix, space and nutrition of three parts. The device is well regulated in the unit solid, gas and liquid phase equilibrium, solve the contradiction between the rhi
4、zosphere in soilless culture for the liquid and oxygen supply, nutrient liquid layer and the bottom of the device in a certain period of time the plant continued to supply sufficient water and nutrition, so that plants can grow strong, is a kind of new the new soilless culture system. From the demon
5、stration production in Shanghai, Sun Bridge, Xinjiang and Yinchuan, the device has the characteristics of easy moving, convenient early planting, saving matrix and nutrient solution, and obviously increasing production.Key words: soilless culture; soilless cultivation device; soilless cultivation sy
6、stemMany forms of soilless culture, organic ecotype soilless culture and Lu SC type soilless culture, nutrient film technology (NFT), deep flow (DFT) system, floating capillary (FCH) system and other soilless culture system 1. But in our country, except for organic ecotype soilless culture and matri
7、x trough cultivation, the scale of other systems is still small. The main factors are high investment, imperfect facilities, poor system operation and difficult treatment of substrate after 2. Based on in-depth research of existing soilless cultivation technology and research the actual situation of
8、 production, developed a suitable liquid and air storage type soilless cultivation device has the advantages of simple structure, easy assembly, easy operation, good effect of cultivation characteristics, is used for mass production.The structure of 1 new plant soilless culture device as shown in Fi
9、gure 1, C net core is mainly composed of an outer barrel shaped 1 and hat with a perforated, net core plate of the outer barrel 3 is divided into two parts, the lower layer of nutrient solution 10 and 4 chamber, and the upper core network in 2 filling cultivation 5 matrix. In the network with a 3 co
10、re plate of 6 pipe, on opposite sides of the bottom of the outer barrel is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet 7 8, and a level of three liquid outlet 9, can be used to store the amount of nutrition liquid regulating device. A 20g/m2 non-woven fabric is covered on the surface of the web
11、 tray 3 to prevent the substrate from being omitted from the mesh. The liquid inlet 7 at the bottom of the outer barrel and the liquid outlet 8 are connected with two inserted connecting pipes. The connecting pipe can be connected with a plurality of devices to realize the flow of the nutrient liqui
12、d and the balance of the nutrient liquid between the devices, and carry out the large-scale commercialized soilless cultivation production.Using the principle of 2 new devices, can be vegetables or flowers and seeds in the plant matrix, can also be out, or directly transplanting seedlings seedlings
13、in the matrix. When the unit planted plants at seedling stage, because small and gas demand is also small, seedlings from the matrix can absorb enough moisture and nutrients. With the growth of plants, water demand also increased, the water content in the matrix will gradually decrease, negative pre
14、ssure increases, moisture in the matrix from top to bottom gradient. At this time, the bottom nutrient solution can move upward through the capillary in the core of the net, and is continuously added to the upper matrix and absorbed by the root system until all the nutrient solution at the bottom is
15、 exhausted. Be consumed at the bottom of the nutrient solution or will be consumed before, through the surface of the substrate or the connecting pipe of 7 or 8 added new nutrient solution from the bottom, ventilation nutrient excess can be used through the overflow hole 9 overflow pipe. If the orga
16、nic substrate or the substrate is added with slow release fertilizer, the fertilizer effect can meet the needs of the cultivation plant, and the water can be added only with clean water.Cultivation characteristics of soilless culture special device3.1 the movable and strong special device can be use
17、d alone, and can be used in series, and can be moved at any level on the ground during the growing period of the plant according to the requirement so as to adjust the proper row spacing.3.2 early planting, listed earlier by special device can be cultivated early in heating greenhouse (or better fac
18、ilities) in seedling, grow to a certain age, can be transplanted in the special device and centralized management, can cultivate 50-60cm high strong strain, when the temperature is suitable for planting production facilities, the special according to the spacing device into place, connect the commun
19、icating pipe, can carry out normal management, at least early sowing and planting for 25 days, 20 days earlier on the market.3.3, save fertilizer and water, the most commonly used soilless cultivation system, because its nutrient solution is not recycled, repeated use, according to the calculation,
20、a growing season, the amount of nutrient leakage of about 45-55% of the total amount,Each mu waste water about 150-200m3, waste fertilizer about 100150kg. The utility model is characterized in that the device and the device are connected with a communicating pipe, and the device and the pipe can not
21、 leak water, and the nutrient solution is recycled. The water and fertilizer can be saved greatly, and the production cost is obviously reduced.3.4 save matrix, the residual root is convenient to clean general soilless culture system in the production after the end of season do not completely elimin
22、ate plant root, root rot under cultivation in the matrix viscosity, permeability reduced, on the other hand, the residual root and decay degradation may cause autotoxicity, also caused by continuous cropping obstacle. With special device cultivation, the end of the season after the matrix in the dev
23、ice pour out all concentrated rinse, and then re installed matrix; it can be a special device of the water seal, filled with water after soaking the matrix 12 can continue to use, without causing matrix damage caused by salt accumulation in physiological barrier. In addition, the amount of substrate
24、 used for the special equipment is only 1/3 of the general soilless cultivation system.3.5 less disease facilities in the high air humidity is the main factor to crop disease, often caused by damp or water surface facilities continuously in high humidity, soil cultivation or general soilless culture
25、 is difficult to control the water and humidity, so the incidence rate is very high. The nutrient solution cultivation is the special equipment for recycling, nutrition not leakage, so the ground is dry, because the special device can greatly reduce the cultivation facilities within the air relative
26、 humidity, especially in reducing the surface humidity, the incidence of various diseases were significantly decreased.3.6 increase production and increase value, use soilless cultivation device, increase 2035% and increase 2090% value than other kinds of soilless cultivation.The scope of applicatio
27、n of 4 special device special device can be widely used in cultivation of muskmelon, tomato, cucumber, eggplant, peppers, squash and other fruit and vegetables; device is not only used in modern greenhouse, plastic greenhouse, greenhouse, can also be used for outdoor, balcony, roof planting; because
28、 the device can be liquid gas. And the use of circulating nutrient solution, which can be used for teaching and scientific research, nutrition and physiology of plant. The present invention in Shanghai Sunqiao Modern Agricultural Development Zone, Xinjiang country, Yinchuan, large-scale cultivation
29、of vegetables, muskmelon showed that the crop roots developed in the basin, the white space formed a thick root mat, robust crop growth, yield and commodity all has reached or exceeded the cultivation system of foreign led modernization.Supporting system 5 system by soilless culture device, substrat
30、e, liquid supply system (including irrigation machine, pipe or nutrient solution pool) and other related facilities (accessories), a new soilless culture system.The 5.1 substrates can use the mushroom residue or other agricultural and sideline products add 20 50% of the waste of peat and biological
31、fertilizer fermented into organic matrix. When cultivated in a large area, 5 or 10% of fermented or puffed chicken manure can be added to the mixed matrix of perlite, vermiculite or perlite and vermiculite. The soilless cultivation of Organic Slow-release Fertilizer of the unit development, cultivat
32、ion effect more than fermentation of organic matrix, generally in accordance with the volume ratio of 20:1 after mixing, spraying water mixing, covering film placed 5 to 7 days, can spray water 2 to 3 times the matrix full of water during the. When the substrate is ready, it can be loaded into the d
33、evice.5.2 irrigation system, irrigation and fertilizer machine, modern greenhouse basically use irrigation fertilizer machine, also known as fertilizer mixing machine, is the current greenhouse assisted irrigation and fertilizer work of the most advanced automation machine. It includes not only the
34、multiple parallel suction device and a power fertilizer tank is also provided with a controller with powerful function, can according to user requirements and the actual needs of plants according to the different kinds of precise inhalation of chemical fertilizers and nutrients, fully mixed in the f
35、ertilizer tank, the nutrient solution was prepared into corresponding concentration required the growth of crops, the irrigation pipe system timely quantitatively supply crop, to ensure crop growth. Storage tanks or liquid storage tanks (tanks) are mostly used in relatively small areas of cultivatio
36、n, and the Northern Greenhouse mostly adopts this form. The underground storage tank is made of brick or concrete, and the pool shall be impervious to water. The pool size is determined according to the cultivated area, the general should ensure that more than 1.5m3/100m2 per unit to build a reservo
37、ir. The storage tank is best located at the central location of the facility to provide uniform liquid delivery. Liquid storage tank irrigation can also be used. The water storage capacity of the tank is at 0.51.0 m3 and the height of the bottom is higher than 50cm above the ground to ensure a certa
38、in amount of pressure. The supply system of the liquid supply system includes power (centrifugal pump or submersible pump using 1kW per 1000m2), inlet main pipe, branch pipe and drop arrow (drip head). The supervisor and the liquid return ditch (canal) or accompanied by parallel? Black PE or PVC 40
39、tube, and the branch in charge of each line connection device for the installation of a valve to control the liquid water supply device for nutrient solution. The whole system is supplied by an irrigation or water pump.Small scale can also be installed above the ground storage tank, through the grav
40、ity of water self water supply. Back to the liquid pipeline, the large modern greenhouse generally does not use recycled liquid reuse, but direct emissions, through the lower part of the bellows of the collection device, access to outdoor emissions, or centralized treatment. With the cultivation dev
41、ice, because the bottom can store 2L nutrient liquid, if the irrigation amount is controlled, the waste liquid can be reduced to 5 to 8% of the liquid supply. In the Northern Greenhouse, the nutrient solution is usually recycled. Brick grooves in the greenhouse the front section, over 15 * 15cm, wit
42、h cover to prevent direct sunlight moss growth. The liquid return channel should be kept level or tilted slightly to the nutrient tank, and communicated with the nutrient tank, so as to return the nutrient solution back to the nutrient tank as soon as possible. Can also be buried with PVC back to th
43、e liquid pipeline, in each line of special equipment at the end of the pipe to weld a vertical back flow fluid tube, the pipe height is slightly higher than the ground, anti debris fall into.The installation and debugging of the basin according to the spacing of 55cm 5.3, 150cm 120 to set the specia
44、l basin spacing device, each device from the bottom of the connecting pipe are connected to each other or every 4 to 5 sets of connections for a group, each device should pay attention to both ends of the hole to plug, to ensure that the device has a certain amount of liquid storage. The water consu
45、mption of H drainage from the bottom hole, so as to avoid the device effusion caused by excessive rot; under the hole from the hole drainage plug and large water consumption, make the device more accumulation of nutrient solution, thereby prolonging two times liquid supply time. With gravity drip ir
46、rigation, to ensure uniform irrigation and the number of each device is not more than 15 sets; such as arrow type drip irrigation, 4050 sets is appropriate (Figure 2, figure 3). After the system is connected, start the water pump, check the drip (drip) in each device, whether the water drop is even,
47、 whether the liquid is unblocked, check whether there is any leakage and adjust it in time.5.4, the use of nutrient solution, according to climate and different growth periods, quantitative start pumping liquid supply pump. At seedling stage, according to 0.4L per plant, daily supply of liquid 1 tim
48、es, vegetative growth period per plant 0.8L, daily supply of liquid 2 times, flowering to fruit expansion period, each plant 1.5L above, 45 times per day, then dropped to each plant 1.2L, 23 times a day.5.5 of the new system of nutrient management in nutrient solution irrigation by two cycles, one i
49、s the use of arrow type irrigation, which put a parallel liquid supply tube in each line special device side ground, inserted 2 drop arrows in the matrix each special device on the nutrient solution by the power boost from the liquid storage tank through the 13 filter device for the liquid into the head, divided into each branch, the branch is inserted in the drop arrow drops for each crop root matrix special device in the absorption and utiliz